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Javascript Errors - Throw and Try To Catch: W3Schools

The document discusses JavaScript errors and how to handle them using try, catch, throw and finally statements. It provides examples of each statement and explains how to create custom errors and catch built-in errors in JavaScript code.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

130 views

Javascript Errors - Throw and Try To Catch: W3Schools

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tazvitya

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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JavaScript Errors - Throw and

Try to Catch
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The try statement lets you test a block of code for errors.

The catch statement lets you handle the error.

The throw statement lets you create custom errors.

The finally statement lets you execute code, after try and catch, regardless of
the result.

Errors Will Happen!

When executing JavaScript code, different errors can occur.

Errors can be coding errors made by the programmer, errors due to wrong input, and other
unforeseeable things.

Example
In this example we have written alert as adddlert to deliberately produce an error:
<p id="demo"></p>

Try it Yourself »

JavaScript catches adddlert as an error, and executes the catch code to handle it.

JavaScript try and catch

The try statement allows you to define a block of code to be tested for errors while it is
being executed.

The catch statement allows you to define a block of code to be executed, if an error
occurs in the try block.

The JavaScript statements try and catch come in pairs:

try {
Block of code to try
}
catch(err) {
Block of code to handle errors
}
JavaScript Throws Errors
When an error occurs, JavaScript will normally stop and generate an error message.

The technical term for this is: JavaScript will throw an exception (throw an error).

JavaScript will actually create an Error object with two properties: name and message.

The throw Statement

The throw statement allows you to create a custom error.

Technically you can throw an exception (throw an error).

The exception can be a JavaScript String, a Number, a Boolean or an Object:

throw "Too big"; // throw a text

throw 500; // throw a number

If you use throw together with try and catch, you can control program flow and
generate custom error messages.

Input Validation Example

This example examines input. If the value is wrong, an exception (err) is thrown.

The exception (err) is caught by the catch statement and a custom error message is
displayed:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>Please input a number between 5 and 10:</p>

<input id="demo" type="text">

<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Test Input</button>
<p id="p01"></p>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

HTML Validation
The code above is just an example.

Modern browsers will often use a combination of JavaScript and built-in HTML validation,
using predefined validation rules defined in HTML attributes:

<input id="demo" type="number" min="5" max="10" step="1">

You can read more about forms validation in a later chapter of this tutorial.

The finally Statement

The finally statement lets you execute code, after try and catch, regardless of the
result:

Syntax

try {
Block of code to try
}
catch(err) {
Block of code to handle errors
}
finally {
Block of code to be executed regardless of the try / catch
result
}

Example

Try it Yourself »

The Error Object

JavaScript has a built in error object that provides error information when an error occurs.

The error object provides two useful properties: name and message.

Error Object Properties

Property Description

name Sets or returns an error name

message Sets or returns an error message (a string)

Error Name Values

Six different values can be returned by the error name property:

Error Name Description

EvalError An error has occurred in the eval() function

RangeError A number "out of range" has occurred

ReferenceError An illegal reference has occurred

SyntaxError A syntax error has occurred

TypeError A type error has occurred

URIError An error in encodeURI() has occurred

The six different values are described below.

Eval Error
An EvalError indicates an error in the eval() function.

Newer versions of JavaScript do not throw EvalError. Use SyntaxError instead.

Range Error
A RangeError is thrown if you use a number that is outside the range of legal values.

For example: You cannot set the number of significant digits of a number to 500.

Example

var num = 1;
try {
num.toPrecision(500); // A number cannot have 500
significant digits
}
catch(err) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = err.name;
}

Try it Yourself »
Reference Error
A ReferenceError is thrown if you use (reference) a variable that has not been
declared:

Example

var x;
try {
x = y + 1; // y cannot be referenced (used)
}
catch(err) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = err.name;
}

Try it Yourself »

Syntax Error
A SyntaxError is thrown if you try to evaluate code with a syntax error.

Example

try {
eval("alert('Hello)"); // Missing ' will produce an error
}
catch(err) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = err.name;
}

Try it Yourself »
Type Error
A TypeError is thrown if you use a value that is outside the range of expected types:

Example

var num = 1;
try {
num.toUpperCase(); // You cannot convert a number to upper
case
}
catch(err) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = err.name;
}

Try it Yourself »

URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) Error

A URIError is thrown if you use illegal characters in a URI function:

Example

try {
decodeURI("%%%"); // You cannot URI decode percent signs
}
catch(err) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = err.name;
}

Try it Yourself »
Non-Standard Error Object Properties

Mozilla and Microsoft defines some non-standard error object properties:

fileName (Mozilla)
lineNumber (Mozilla)
columnNumber (Mozilla)
stack (Mozilla)
description (Microsoft)
number (Microsoft)

Do not use these properties in public web sites. They will not work in all browsers.

Complete Error Reference

For a complete reference of the Error object, go to our Complete JavaScript Error
Reference.

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Javascript Errors - Throw and Try To Catch: W3Schools

Uploaded by

Javascript Errors - Throw and Try To Catch: W3Schools

Uploaded by

w3schools.

  HTML CSS MORE   

JavaScript Errors - Throw and

The catch statement lets you handle the error.

The throw statement lets you create custom errors.

Errors Will Happen!

JavaScript try and catch

The JavaScript statements try and catch come in pairs:

The throw Statement

Technically you can throw an exception (throw an error).

The exception can be a JavaScript String, a Number, a Boolean or an Object:

throw "Too big"; // throw a text

Input Validation Example

<input id="demo" type="text">

<input id="demo" type="number" min="5" max="10" step="1">

The finally Statement

The Error Object

Error Object Properties

name Sets or returns an error name

message Sets or returns an error message (a string)

Error Name Values

Error Name Description

EvalError An error has occurred in the eval() function

RangeError A number "out of range" has occurred

ReferenceError An illegal reference has occurred

SyntaxError A syntax error has occurred

URIError An error in encodeURI() has occurred

The six different values are described below.

Newer versions of JavaScript do not throw EvalError. Use SyntaxError instead.

URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) Error

Mozilla and Microsoft defines some non-standard error object properties:

Complete Error Reference

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