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Ionic Bonds: Atoms Give Up or Gain E: Unit 5: Bonding and Inorganic Nomenclature

1) The document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. It also discusses properties of ionic compounds such as salts. 2) Guidelines are provided for writing formulas and naming ionic compounds containing single-charge cations and polyatomic ions. Covalent compounds are also discussed. 3) Empirical formulas and molecular formulas are defined at the end. Examples of each are given for several compounds.

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51 views6 pages

Ionic Bonds: Atoms Give Up or Gain E: Unit 5: Bonding and Inorganic Nomenclature

1) The document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. It also discusses properties of ionic compounds such as salts. 2) Guidelines are provided for writing formulas and naming ionic compounds containing single-charge cations and polyatomic ions. Covalent compounds are also discussed. 3) Empirical formulas and molecular formulas are defined at the end. Examples of each are given for several compounds.

Uploaded by

Grace Fafel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 5: Bonding and Inorganic Nomenclature Name: _______________________

Chemical Bonding
 Ionic Bonds: atoms give up or gain e– and are attracted to each other by coulombic
attraction

ionic compounds = salts

where NO31– is a polyatomic ion:

Properties of Salts
1. very hard –
2. high melting points –
3. brittle –

 Covalent Bonds …atoms share e– to get a full valence shell


C
F

Lewis structure:
1. Two shared e– make a single covalent bond, four make a double bond, etc.
2. unshared pairs: pairs of unbonded valence e–
3. Each atom needs a full outer shell, i.e., 8 e–.
Exception: H needs 2 e–

carbon tetrafluoride (CF4)

methane (CH4)

1
nitrogen triiodide (NI3)

carbon dioxide (CO2)

covalent compounds = molecular compounds


-- have lower melting points than do ionic compounds

 Metallic Bonds In metals, valence shells of atoms overlap, so v.e–


are free to travel between atoms through material.
Properties of Metals

 Other Types of Bonds


dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds, London dispersion forces; & ion-dipole forces

Writing Formulas of Ionic Compounds


chemical formula:

To write an ionic compound’s formula, we need:


1. the two types of ions
2. the charge on each ion
Na1+ and F1–
Ba2+ and O2–
Na1+ and O2–
Ba2+ and F1–

criss-cross rule: charge on cation / anion “becomes” subscript of anion / cation


** Warning:
Al3+ and O2– Ba2+ and S2– In3+ and Br1–

2
 Writing Formulas w/Polyatomic Ions
Parentheses are required only when you need more than one “bunch” of a particular
polyatomic ion.
Ba2+ and SO42–
Mg2+ and NO21–
NH41+ and ClO31–
Sn4+ and SO42–
Fe3+ and Cr2O72–
NH41+ and N3–

Inorganic Nomenclature

 Ionic Compounds (cation/anion combos)

Single-Charge Cations with Elemental Anions


The single-charge cations are:

A. To name, given the formula:


1. Use name of cation.
2. Use name of anion (it has the ending “ide”).
NaF
BaO
Na2O
BaF2

B. To write formula, given the name:


1. Write symbols for the two types of ions.
2. Balance charges to write formula.
silver sulfide
zinc phosphide
calcium iodide

3
Multiple-Charge Cations with Elemental Anions
The multiple-charge cations are:
A. To name, given the formula:
1. Figure out charge on cation.
2. Write name of cation.
3. Write Roman numerals in ( ) to show cation’s charge.
4. Write name of anion.
FeO
Fe2O3
CuBr
CuBr2
B. To find the formula, given the name:
1. Write symbols for the two types of ions.
2. Balance charges to write formula.
cobalt (III) chloride tin (IV) oxide tin (II) oxide

Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

Insert name of ion where it should go in the compound’s name.

Write formulas: iron (III) nitrite


ammonium phosphide

ammonium chlorate

zinc phosphate

lead (II) permanganate

Write names: (NH4)2S2O3


AgBrO3

(NH4)3N

U(CrO4)3

Cr2(SO3)3

4
 Covalent Compounds -- contain two types of nonmetals
Key:
What to do:
Use Greek prefixes to indicate 1– 6–
how many atoms of each element, 2– 7–
but don’t use “mono” on first element. 3– 8–
4– 9–
5– 10 –

EXAMPLES: carbon dioxide


CO
dinitrogen trioxide
N2O5
carbon tetrachloride
NI3

Traditional System of Nomenclature


…used historically (and still some today) to name compounds w/multiple-charge cations
To use: 1. Use Latin root of cation.
2. Use -ic ending for higher charge; “ -ous ending for lower charge
3. Then say name of anion, as usual.
Element Latin root -ic -ous
gold, Au aur- Au3+ Au1+
lead, Pb plumb- Pb4+ Pb2+
tin, Sn stann- Sn4+ Sn2+
copper, Cu cupr- Cu2+ Cu1+
iron, Fe ferr- Fe3+ Fe2+

Write formulas: Write names:


cuprous sulfide Pb3P4

auric nitride Pb3P2

ferrous fluoride SnCl4

5
Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

Empirical
Compound Molecular Formula
Formula

glucose C6H12O6

propane C3H8

butane C4H10

naphthalene C10H8

sucrose C12H22O11

octane C8H18

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