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Alat & Mesin Pengolahan Industri Hilir: Pertemuan 2# Teknik Kimia - Politeknik LPP Saptyaji Harnowo

The document discusses the design of stirred tank reactors and their components. It describes design considerations for vessel geometry, impellers, baffles, draft tubes, and impeller location. Examples are provided for sizing an impeller based on power input specifications and calculating power number, Reynolds number, and blending time.

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Jeri Alex
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53 views20 pages

Alat & Mesin Pengolahan Industri Hilir: Pertemuan 2# Teknik Kimia - Politeknik LPP Saptyaji Harnowo

The document discusses the design of stirred tank reactors and their components. It describes design considerations for vessel geometry, impellers, baffles, draft tubes, and impeller location. Examples are provided for sizing an impeller based on power input specifications and calculating power number, Reynolds number, and blending time.

Uploaded by

Jeri Alex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALAT & MESIN

PENGOLAHAN INDUSTRI HILIR

PERTEMUAN 2#
TEKNIK KIMIA - POLITEKNIK LPP
SAPTYAJI HARNOWO
BASIC TANK STIRRED DESAIN
• Whether it is to maintain homogeneity of a reacting mixture
or to keep a solid suspended or a gas dispersed or to enhance
heat or mass transfer.

Draft
tube
VESSEL REACTOR
• A dished bottom requires less power than a
flat one.
• When a single impeller is to be used, a liquid
level equal to the diameter is optimum, with
the impeller located at the center
• Pertimbangan ekonomi dan manufaktur,
bagaimanapun, sering menentukan rasio ke
dalaman likuid terhadap diameter impeller
BAFFLES (SEKAT)
• Baffles are needed to prevent vortexing and
rotation of the liquid mass ( Re)
• Ketebalan sekat biasa di desain 1/12 dari
diameter tank , w = Dt/12;
• Panjang baffle extending from one half the
impeller diameter, d/2, juga dilengkapi gap
dengan tanki dari sisi samping maupun dasar tank
• When solids are present or when a heat transfer
jacket is used, the baffles are offset from the wall
a distance equal to 1/6 dari baffle width (w/6)
DRAFT TUBE
• A draft tube is a cylindrical housing around and
slightly larger in diameter than the impeller
• Usually draft tubes are used with axial impellers
to direct suction and discharge streams (axial
flow).
• Sirkulasi dari atas ke bawah memiliki perilaku
tertentu biasanya untuk tangki yang dalam
digunakan : untuk suspensi padatan dan untuk
dispersi gas
IMPELLER
• Dengan alasan pantulan dari permukaan
reaktor tank dan rintangan baffle dan intemal
lainnya maka pola aliran impeler mixed flow/
bercampur. Ketika diinginkan mendekati aliran
aksial seperti untuk suspensi padatan dari
slurry, maka impeler dapat ditempatkan
dalam draft tube
• when radial flow is needed, a shrouded
turbine impeller lebih baik (impeller tertutup)
JENIS IMPELLER
high speeds (up to 1800rpm) with low mixing duties up to 100,000 CP or
viscosity fluids, up to about 4000cP so at high pumping capacitY impeller blades of this turbine

Curved blade turbines effectively high degree of radial flow and shearing action,
axial and radial flow are achieve
disperse fibrous materials and are well adapted to emulsification and
Effective for heat exchange with vessel
without fouling dispersion.
walls or internal coils.
IMPELLER LOCATION

Criteria developed by Dickey (1984) are based on the viscosity of the


liquid and the ratio of the liquid depth to the tank diameter, h / Dt.

h = height of liquid level, Dt = tank diameter, d =impeller diameter.


REAKTOR DESAIN & KOMPONENNYA (CONTOH)
• Contoh Desain Reactor tangki dalam :
• Dari top to bottom circulation behavior is of particular value in deep tanks
for suspension of solids and for dispersion of gases.

H = height of liquid level, Dt = tank diameter, d =impeller diameter.


For radial impellers, 0.3 5 < d/Dt < 0.6.
HUBUNGAN RUMUS

μ ( Viskositas dynamic)
V = Visk kinematic = S/μ
Power Estimation (HP)
PUMPING NUMBER, Nq

D/T = d/Dt
Power number against Reynolds number of
some turbine impellers
Hub Np, Re & Model Mixer Stirrer
Typical power performance curves (Reynolds number (Re) vs. power number (Np), as shown
on aboved are independent of the reactor volume,

Anchor paddles fit the contour of the container, prevent sticking of pasty materials, and promote
good heat transfer with the wall
Hub Re vs Blending Time tb
Re vs Nq (pumping number) ; Q
EXAMPLE 1
Impeller Size and Speed at a Specified Power Input

• Tanki reaktor berisi 5000 galon , zat cair


dengan specific gravity = 0.9 dan viscositas :
100 cP, Berapakah ukuran /size dan kecepatan
rpm pitched turbine impeller, bila spesifik
power = 2 HP/1000 gal, bila d/Dt = 0,4
• Bila ukuran tanki liquid memiliki tinggi 9.5ft
dan diameter 9.5 ft
• Check kecepatan linear campuran dan blend
time.
solusi
• d= 0,4 Dt = 0,4 x 9,5 ft x 2,5 in = 45,6 = 46 in
• Power P = 2 Hp/1000 gal  5000 gal = 2x5 =10 Hp

N NRe Np
Trial and error
Dari grafik d/Dt = 0,4  Nq = 0,61 Dari grafik Nre dengan tb  17
LATIHAN
• BUATKAN PERENCANAAN SEDERHANA
• TANKI UNTUK MIXING CPO, isi 4000 galon,
Densitas campuran 0,87, viskositas 120 cP,
rasio H/Dt = 1,4, rasio d/Dt = 0,5,
• jenis impeller pitch turbin vertikal desain
putaran 40 rpm
• Bila level likuid 6 ft , berapa daya impeler,
lokasi impeller dan basic desain ukuran tanki
• Catatan : no baffle no draft tube

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