TGayath

701AO108
ETA_Assignment -L

How it can
What is Environmental Impact Assessment CEIA) ?
envionmental potection
be useful as a planninga toolfor

in var iouus de velopmental projects ?

the
Ans an activity designed to identity pedic dict
Def EIA IS

environment

chemica
impact o a projec on bio geo physico
0
aPpropviate
comnmend
as to re

and on human heath SO

Operationad pTOcedures
pvoqraams
legislative measuTes,

minimize the impact

Salient features of EIA

positive and
The EIA Proce d u r e identifies the Possible

romm a propos
neaative impacts to the envITonment TeS ulting
both short teom
PojectE. These impacts are identified ove

and long tem time rame

EIA Pro vides toY a plan, which upon implemenbation, will

b)The
i'mpacts a project resulting|
reduce 0r offset the hegative

minimum level o environmental deqradaton

in
Tesult in
utilization o positive impacts
he plan may also

ohich offset negative inmpacts

or enhancemen meas ures

the aeqree o
measuYe the level of plan implementation
cTo
effectiveness of he above environmental protecion provis ions

-the ElA PYovides monitoring Programme.

towar ds development o a projec

nof Oriented
EIA is negatively athe draanization o
of EA, audit refers to
the context
In
assoclated uwth the projet b)the
monitoring
data to Yecord change
Audit Can be applied to bolh
oF actual predicted impactS.
Compavison
conducting an
ealy EIA

Pre pojeck post -project approva staqes. By

be incorporated in the project hich
timelq 4 Suitable modification can
 is it
What is Initial Environmental Examina Hon (IEE) ? Nhy
ElA
hecessary before going fov Hinal
AnsThe entire ElA procedure can be divided into complenmentary
tosks Or ) the Inital Envionmental Examinaion(IEE
Sub-Yeports
Assessment EIA).
and the Full Scale EnviTonmenta Impact

Initial Envivonmental Examination (iEE)

LEE is a means of revieuoing the envIronmenta) inegrity o projects
Studies ae to be undetaken
to determine whether ov not EIA level
Tequire a tull-
which Proje cts
EE can be used to detemine
Scale EIA
O s e of IEE

environmenta manaqement
ensuTing project oviented
out
a. minimizing eHort expense & delay in camying Plannin9
PYoject that
environmental effects of a
IEE involves assessing the
& ll be bas ed o he
can be caried Out within a limited budqget
of expe s
available record ed infomai on ol on proessi omad Mdgemcnt
full Scale ÍS not required, then,
PT IEE results indicate that a
-
ElA

environmenta pTotection meas Uaes o a monjtonng P7OarammeCa

be EIA for such a project

adapted to complett
is EE Can be oF
Oh other hand i EE tull scale ElA required,

reat help as a mechonism to detesmlne identify key issues

tha merit full analysis in ElA

This would Teduce delay 2 eliminate redundant o extro discussion

rom EIA Teports.

he most ePi cient & feasi ble

EE is a means oF providinq
oF environmental man agement plans l t h
Pre payati on adequate
Or without requirement of aa full Scale ElA
the

Therefore, for most Industaial develop ment Proje cts, IEE s

desisable Simply from he economic point of vleo

 3. Explain the us analytical functions of ain EIA

Ans:-Analytical unctions associ ated with the EIA are

a) ining Scope Of a El1A

oF ho
Scoping identifies important issues and Concens, areas

parieulaa projet other eqis lative e aequlatoy

Concern for a

equirements.
foumal, extensiVe process
Scopinq
Linfoima, simple proce ss
b) Tdentification
assesgment is
ten he irst step in an environmental impact
overvieuo d he proposed project alleunaives R loations
preliminary
The pupose oF pre liminary asse ssment is to denti fy the potential for

signiHcamt environmental impacts of the initial set of alterma tives.

In theidentfication of impacts one should es tabllsh the alTeady existing

state cleasy identity

what wil happen P he Project docs not come into existence ?

9 what wil) happen i the projec comes up ?

c) Predic tion
Impa ct prediction asse ssment s the in the environme
maor stp
- ntal assess ment
pYo cesS
1 involves projection of environmental setting due to he proposed
action predicting the impact 4 aLsSessing thee Consequen ces
Taking into account the indivect impacs alomg with direcE impacts
is impos tant Since indirectE effects equently lead to sunergethc
Impeic ts.
d) Impact Evaluation & Analysis
he is to
pupose o evaluation
comparitively evaluae altenote
COurses action. The range ok alteanatives Considesed muLst
Include no-action, Ov no-build alenative o f h courSes ofachion
Major steps in
predieting, analyzinq judginq enviro nmental impact
Tdentikying majoy activities 5.
eeami degree 2 time rarme
3.Selecting envizonomen tal components impacts.
3
selecting types o impact esianating impacts os
Positive neutral a neqtive
Asses sing the possibi lHies of occunences
Detmining ade-ofs.
 4 Wite short notes on
on
a) ivect Impacls b) Indivect Impacts
trm impacts.
c) cumulative impacts and d short team and lorng

ANs Classihcation of Impacts Fall

fsom an de velo pment projecks
Environment impacts aris ing9
into hree cateqories
. i r e ct Tmp cts

Indivect Impats
3 Cumulative mpacts
accovding to their
be Further broken do wn
These threO u p s can

nature , into

positive & ne qati ve impacks

Random Predietable impacts

widespread impacts and

dby Local
v short long team mpacts .

Direct Tmpacts i
dire ct activihes OY decisions
Drect impacts are a Tesult of project

They are pre dictable usually o Ccur nea to project activities, Occu

and are easily identi Pied dunna planni na

during the Proje ct Petime
of cHluent decline of wates quality ( Boo, Do)
and the EIA Eq re leasing
ise of wate toxins.
( secondasy, tertí ay a chain impacts)
Indirect impacts-
not direct result of the project
Indirect impacts ave a

They Occur in distance om time romthe acfua pro posed project.

I n the process ai7, uwatea other natusa Sqstems ding the

be afPected.
ecosystem may also

E Teleasinq ck efluent (decline of uaa quality )> reduetion in tish

Populatim akchind
income oF shermen.
Cumulative impa cts
Cumulative impacts Occu in those situai ons wheae individual
Profects OY actions moy not have a sianihcant effe ct but ohen

Combined with othey PToje cts oY acions may cause an Ovesal adveLse
Cumulative effect
E Greenhouse effect
 onot tm and Long tem impacts
environment
in the
impacts ae changes
Short tem environmenta in
to s h o v - exm impact
&limit
that are usually tempoarq
e ArS
eeks, days months o some

oo ds, dsoughts, to nado

tmc or

Long tem environmenta impa ct s a chang that takes a long

can be
decades). Sometimes they
lasts a lonq ime centuries o
yeaas,
undetectable.

radioactive pollu Hon , defores toHon

o i l spill,

oecux for
likely to
livect and indivect impacts
5. Disuss variouS
Activity.
and b)Road Construction
+ypical Land clearing Activit

Ans:Road Conshuchon Activity

Divect Impacts
> Land consumption
Removal of vegetation

Severance of famland

rom boow pit s a direct impact of

E Remova o qra vel mateuo

TOad construction.

olefores tion deq rada tion o suaface wa quality

Thdivect Impacts :

Land clearing Aci and clearing

Lond cleasung
Increase in erosion
Soil erosi&n

Increase in Suspended
Sirect impac
matle in uwokeruoaq*

mpaiment of ds

wates quality for Pauna

for human uUSage

Indirect Impact
 6. Discuss the maln features oF Tmpact Evaluation Analysiss?

What should d effective EIA ?

be he
ne inportant objec tives any

Ans Main teatures of impact evaluation Analysis

Tdentifying major activities

Selecting environmenta components

3. Selecting tpes o impack

of occurences.

and probabi lities

Assessing the pssibilities o

5 etermining the deqree

and tme ame o impats

6. ne utral or neaatve
impacts as pos(tive,
gnina
and impacs
T eteamini na trode -oPPs among activities

jectives of EIA
the best som he poject options
ex amine and select

available.
the poject plan appTopiabe
incorporate into
identify and
abatement mitiqaing measures.

3. To predi ct significant reti cular envi ronmental innpact

envlronment impact Predicked
To delkrmine the Significant esidual
4
the to
5. To identify he environ menta co sts & benefits of Project

the mmunit