Assessment No. 2.

Part I. Meaning

1. What is the meaning of Education?

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of
knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

2. What is the meaning of Philosophy?

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as
those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind
and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing
such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its
reliance on rational argument.

3. What is Educational Philosophy?

Educational philosophy is a personal statement of a teacher’s guiding
principle about “big picture” education related issues, such as how
student learning and potential are most effectively maximized, as well as
the role of educators in the classroom, school, community and society.

Part II. The Seven Philosophy of Education

What are the 7 Educational Philosophies in Education? Complete the

following table.

Seven Educational Philosophies

Meaning Why Teach What to How to
Teach Teach
1. Existentialism Is a philosophy The main Students Methods
that concern of are given are focus
emphasizes the the a variety on the
finding of an existentiali of options individual .
individual of sm is “to from Learning is
reasons of his help which to self-paced,
existence, students choose . self-
values, understan directed. It
freedom, and d and is a great
choice among appreciate deal of
others. themselves individual
as unique contact
individuals with the
who accept teacher.
complete Employ
responsibil clarificatio
ity for n of
their strategy.
thoughts, Teacher
feelings should not
 and be
actions. judgmental
.
2. Essentialism Is an This Essentiali Essentialis
educational philosophy st t teachers
philosophy contends programs emphasize
which asserts that are mastery of
that education teachers academic subject
involves the teach for ally matter.
learning of the learners to rigorous.
basic skills, acquire The
basic basic emphasis
knowledge of knowledge, is on
arts and skills and academic
sciences that values. content
have been for
useful in the students
past and are to learn
likely to remain the basic
useful in the skills or
future. the
fundamen
tal r’s –
reading,
‘riting,
right
conduct.
3. Perennialism It aims to Because General Perennialis
ensure that the school curriculu t teachers
students should m. are
acquire develop ‘centered
understandings the Less around
of the concept students’ emphasis teachers.”
of knowledge rational on Teachers
and the and moral vocational apply
meaning of powers. and whatever
knowledge as it technical creative
aimed at education. techniques
teaching and other
student Lifted tried and
from the true
Great methods
Books. which are
believed to
be most
conducive
to
disciplining
students.
4. Progressivism This philosophy Progressivi It is You should
is about the st teachers identified employ
belief that teach to with need- experiencin
education develop based and g methods.
should focus on learners relevant It is
 wholistic into curriculu believed
approach of becoming m. that one
dealing with enlightene learns by
the learner, d and This is a doing.
rather than on intelligent curriculu
the content. citizens of m that Us of
This is also is a “responds “hands-on-
dominated by democratic to the minds-on”
the society. needs and teaching
technological that method.
experimental You need relates
advancements to teach students’
which have learners so personal
powerfully they may lives and
change by the live fully experience
use of scientific NOW not s.
method. to prepare
them for
adult life.
5. Behaviorism Behavior is You need Teach Teachers
shaped by to provide students should
forces in the a favorable to respond make their
environment; environme favorably classroom
by carefully nt. to various a
shaping stimuli in conducive
desirable the one,
behavior, environme properly
morality and nt. arranged
information are and
learned. controlled
to
stimulate
the
learning
and
capture the
attention of
the
learners.
Provide
appropriat
e
incentives
to reinforce
positive
responses
and
weaken or
eliminate
negative
ones.
6. Cognitivism Is a philosophy Teacher Learners The
(Constructivis that evolves on sees to are taught teacher
m) the belief that develop how to provides
learner is intrinsicall learn. students
capable of y They are with data
actively motivated taught or
constructing and learning experience
his own independe process s that
understandings nt learners and skill allow then
of reality adequately such as to
through equipped searching, hypothesiz
interaction with with critiquing e, predict,
objects, events, learning and manipulate
and people in skills for evaluating objects,
the them to be informatio pose
environment, able to n, relating questions,
and reflecting construct the pieces research,
on these knowledge of investigate
interactions. and make informatio imagine,
meaning of n. and invent.
them.
7. Reconstructio Social To create Teacher Based from
nism (The reconstructioni a better should the social
Critical sm, as a society teach reconstruct
Theory). philosophy, and specific ion and
emphasize the worldwide cultural critical
addressing of democracy pattern. theorist,
social through the
questions. education. curriculum
of the
present
generation.