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PEROXISOMES

Peroxisomes are small organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes for breaking down toxic materials and performing metabolic functions. They have a single phospholipid membrane and vary in shape, size, and number depending on a cell's energy needs. Proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes and transported into peroxisomes, which lack DNA. Peroxisomes are involved in lipid metabolism, processing reactive oxygen species, and synthesizing cholesterol and bile acids in liver cells. They play important roles in cells by breaking down fatty acids and helping plants metabolize carbohydrates and perform photorespiration.

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Fajar Emman Asmat
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101 views3 pages

PEROXISOMES

Peroxisomes are small organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes for breaking down toxic materials and performing metabolic functions. They have a single phospholipid membrane and vary in shape, size, and number depending on a cell's energy needs. Proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes and transported into peroxisomes, which lack DNA. Peroxisomes are involved in lipid metabolism, processing reactive oxygen species, and synthesizing cholesterol and bile acids in liver cells. They play important roles in cells by breaking down fatty acids and helping plants metabolize carbohydrates and perform photorespiration.

Uploaded by

Fajar Emman Asmat
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Assignment: 01
Course: FUNCTIONAL BIOLOGY
Submitted To: Respected Prof. TAHOOR
KHALID
Submitted By: Fajar Emman Asmat
ID:19002067-011
Semester: 4 Batch-002
th

Department of Chemistry, Sialkot


Topic: PEROXISOMES
What are Peroxisomes?
Peroxisomes are small green colored vesicles, single membrane-bound organelles found in the
eukaryotic cells. They contain digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic materials in the cell
and oxidative enzymes for metabolic activity. They are a heterogeneous group of organelles and
the presence of the marker enzymes distinguished them from other cell organelles.
Mostly peroxisomes occur as an individual organelle, such as in fibroblasts. In liver cells, they
exist in the form of interconnected tubules known as peroxisome reticulum.

Peroxisome Structure
Peroxisomes vary in shape, size and number depending upon the energy requirements of the cell.
These are made up of a phospholipid bilayer with many membrane-bound proteins.
The enzymes involved in lipid metabolism are synthesised on free ribosomes and selectively
imported to peroxisomes. These enzymes include one of the two signaling sequences &
Peroxisome Target Sequence 1 is the most common one.
The phospholipids of peroxisomes are usually synthesised in smooth Endoplasmic reticulum.
The peroxisome grows in size and divides into two organelles because of the entrance of proteins
& lipids.
Peroxisomes do not contain their own DNA. This differs them from mitochondria. After
translation, proteins are transported from the cytosol.
Peroxisome Location
Peroxisome, which is a membrane-bound organelle occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Peroxisomes play a important role in the oxidation of specific biomolecules.

Peroxisome Function
The main function of peroxisome includes the lipid metabolism and the processing of reactive
oxygen species. Other peroxisome functions include:
• They take part in various oxidative processes.
• They take part in lipid metabolism and catabolism of D-amino acids, polyamines and bile
acids.
• The reactive oxygen species such as peroxides produced in the process is converted to
water by various enzymes like peroxidase and catalase.
• Peroxisomes synthesize cholesterol and bile acids (produced in the liver). Peroxisome
dysfunction can lead to the developmental disorders that affect the central nervous system
as peroxisomes are involved in producing the lipid covering (myelin sheath) of nerve
fibers. This means that individuals with the disorder inherit two copies of the abnormal
gene, one from each parent.
• In plant cells, peroxisomes convert fatty acids to carbohydrates for metabolism in
germinating seeds. They are also involved in photorespiration, which occurs when carbon
dioxide levels are too low in plant leaves. Photorespiration conserves carbon dioxide by
limiting the amount of CO2 available to be used in the process of photosynthesis.

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