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Lecture 1 Function, Types of Function and Symmetries

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81 views

Lecture 1 Function, Types of Function and Symmetries

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MS-103

Calculus and Analytic Geometry


For
Computer Science
2ND Semester, Batch 2020
Section A to E
CLO Bloom’s
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) PLOs
No. Taxonomy
PLO_1
(Engineering C2
Understanding of the basic concepts of calculus and their need Knowledge) (Understan
1
in engineering. ding)

PLO_2
Applying Differential and Integral Calculus for Understanding (Problem C3
2 Analysis)
interpretation and analysis of different engineering problems. (Applying)

PLO_2
(Engineering
Understanding of vector algebra and analytical geometry and Knowledge) C3
3
Applying the concepts in engineering problems. (Applying)
Assessment Tools Percentage

Quizzes (4 + 3 + 3 = 10) 10%

Assignments (4 + 3 + 3 = 10) 10%

Midterm Exam (10 + 10 + 10 = 30) 30%

Final Exam(10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 50) 50%

TOTAL (100) 100%


COURSE OBJECTIVE:

1. Evaluate the limits of functions numerically, graphically,


and analytically.
2. Know and use the definition of the derivative to find
slopes of tangent lines.
3. Determine continuity of a function at a point and on an
interval.
4. Evaluate derivatives of polynomial, rational,
trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential and other
functions by applying differentiation techniques.
5. Use the derivatives to find maxima and minima of a
function.
6. Use implicit differentiation method and related
rates to find derivatives.
7. Evaluate anti-derivatives.
8. Use Riemann Sums to approximate definite
integrals.
9. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to
find derivatives and definite integrals.
10. Apply integrals to find areas, volumes, average
value of a function.
11. Use integration by substitution technique to find
indefinite and definite integrals of a function
Number System
Number Line
Intervals
• Any connected portion of a number line is said
to be an interval.
• There are different types of intervals such as
open interval, closed interval and half (semi)
open interval depending on the inclusion or
exclusion of the end points.
Relations
Relation: a set of ordered pairs.
{ ( -3, 2), (-1, 1 ), ( 0, 7), (2, 4), (4, 3)}
{( -2, 1), (-1, 2), ( 0, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5)}

Independent Variable ( x, y ) Dependent Variable

The value of y “depends” on the value of x.

Domain: the set of all x-coordinates, independent variable


Range: the set of all y-coordinates, dependent variable
Functions
Function: a relation in which, for each value of
the first component of the ordered pairs, there is
exactly one value of the second component.
• A function is a relation in which the members of
the domain (x-values) DO NOT repeat.
• So, for every x-value there is only one y-value
that corresponds to it.
• y-values CAN be repeated.
Vertical Line Test
The vertical line test is a method that is used to
determine whether a given relation is a function
or not.
The test states that a graph represents a
function if and only if all vertical lines intersect
the graph at most once.
Function Notation
• When we know that a relation is a function, the “y”
in the equation can be replaced with f(x).
• f(x) is simply a notation to designate a function. It is
pronounced ‘f’ of ‘x’.
• The ‘f’ names the function, the ‘x’ tells the variable
that is being used.
• The parenthesis DO NOT mean multiplication!
• f(x) is another name for y.
• Sometimes other letters such as g, h or capital letters
F, G and H are used to name functions.
Using Function Notation
Find the value of each function.
1. If g(s) = 2s + 3, find g(-2).

2. If h(x) = x2 - x + 7, find h(2).

3. If f(x) = -x2 + 5x – 3 find f(q)


Does the relation represent a
function?
H = {(3, 4), (7, 2), (0, -1), (-2, 2), (-5, 0), (3, 3)}
No, 3 is repeated in the domain.

G = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (8, 2), (9, 8)}


Yes, no x-coordinate is repeated.
One to One (Injective) Function
• A function f: A → B is One to One if for each
element of A there is a distinct element of B.
Consider if a1 ∈ A and a2 ∈ B, f is defined as f:
A → B such that
f (a1) = f (a2)
Example # 1
Example # 2
Onto (Surjective) Function

• If there exists a function for which every


element of set B there is (are) pre-image(s) in
set A
Example # 1
Example # 2
One to One and Onto (Bijective)
Function

• A function, f is One – One and Onto or


Bijective if the function f is both One to One
and Onto function. In other words, the function
f associates each element of A with a distinct
element of B and every element of B has a pre-
image in A.
Example # 1
Example # 2
Combination of Three Types
Symmetry of Functions and Equations

• The graph of a function f has y-axis symmetry or


symmetric with respect to the y-axis if f(-x) = f(x)
for all x in the domain of f. such a functions are
called Even Functions and graph of f is symmetric
with respect to the y-axis. A function f is odd if
the graph of f is symmetric with respect to the
origin.
Symmetry of Functions and Equations
Symmetry Of Equations
An equation in x and y is symmetric with
respect to:
1. The y-axis if replacing x with –x results in an
equivalent equation.
2. The x-axis if replacing y with –y results in an
equivalent equation.
3. The origin if replacing x with –x and y with
-y results in an equivalent equation.
Even Function
Odd Function
Do Now
Complete the chart for each linear equation.

y=x-2 y = 2x + 3
x y x y
4 2
-3 -2
0 0
2 1
-1 -1

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