VISUAL QUICK START REFERENCE

SwiftUI Views
SwiftUI 1.0

Quick Start
Mark Moeykens
www.bigmountainstudio.com YOUR COMPREHENSIVE VISUAL
1 REFERENCE GUIDE Big Mountain Studio
 Book Version: 19-APRIL-2020

©2020 Big Mountain Studio LLC - All Rights Reserved

www.bigmountainstudio.com 2
 This book is dedicated to
My wife and daughter for all of their
continued support through the long
hours of working nights and weekends
to bring this book to you.

Special thanks to
My patrons, on patreon.com/bigmountainstudio ,who
continue the fine tradition of supporting content
creators, providing feedback, suggestions, corrections
and encouragement.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
The table of contents should be built into your ePub and PDF readers. Examples:

Books App Adobe Acrobat Reader Preview

Foreword by Meng To
I have been teaching Swift to designers and design to coders for years now. SwiftUI is an incredible step in the
direction of combining these two fields. Using Xcode to create apps in SwiftUI is feeling more and more like using a
design tool.

If you are looking for a reference guide when using SwiftUI to build your apps, then Mark has you covered with this
excellent resource here. He has been sharing his Swift knowledge for years in an easy to understand manner and
this book continues to follow this tradition.

I wish you the best in your journey to learning SwiftUI. This technology is already powerful and will only get better
with time. I have enjoyed learning SwiftUI and I think you will too.

Meng To
designcode.io
HOW TO USE
This is a visual REFERENCE GUIDE. Find a screenshot of something you
want to learn more about or produce in your app and then read it and look
at the code.

Read what is on the screenshots to learn more about the views and what
they can do.
You can also read the book from beginning to end. The choice is yours.
 Conventions

CONVENTIONS

www.bigmountainstudio.com 7
 Conventions

Code Formatting
Throughout this book, you may notice I don’t always follow the same formatting conventions. This is due to limited vertical space.
For example, on one page you may see code formatted like this (pseudo-code):

NewView()
.modifyTheView1()
.modifyTheView2()

And then on another page, you see code formatted like this:

NewView().modifyTheView1().modifyTheView2()

Other times, functions may be on the same line as the closing brace:

NewView {
...
}.modifyTheView2()

Or on the next line:

NewView {
...
}
.modifyTheView2()

In the end, how the code is formatted in your project is up to you. These inconsistencies are strictly due to limited page space.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 8
 Conventions

Omitting Code
When using SwiftUI, the views (screens) are represented in a struct, inside a body property. (More on this later.) This will become apparent when you add your first
SwiftUI file to your project.

In most examples, you will see the struct and body property are missing. Again, this is due to limited vertical spacing. The main thing to remember is that the
relevant code is always shown.

For example, I may take this view here (pseudo-code):

struct MyView {
var body {
NewView()
.modifyTheView1()
.modifyTheView2()
}
}

And show only the relevant code:

NewView()
.modifyTheView1()
.modifyTheView2()

When space is limited, I omit the unnecessary code and show an ellipsis:

struct MyView {
var body {
... // Unnecessary code omitted
NewView()
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 9
 Conventions

Custom Code Color Theme

I created a code color theme based off of another color theme called “Gruvbox”.

If you like this color theme and would like to use it in Xcode then you can find it on my GitHub as a gist here.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 10
SWIFTUI

11
 Basic Concepts

Basic Concepts

If you are absolutely new to SwiftUI, you should definitely read through this chapter to establish some basic concepts that
you can think with.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 12
 Basic Concepts

Views And Modifiers

In SwiftUI, you build a UI with Views and then you View

change those views with Modifiers. Modifiers:
• Large title text size

View
Modifiers:
• Title text size View
• Gray text color
Modifiers:
• Title text size
• Orange background color
View • Stretched to fit device width
Modifiers:
• Title text size
• White text color
• Orange background
color
• Rounded corners
• Shadow

www.bigmountainstudio.com 13
 Basic Concepts

Containers - Vertical Layout Container

Views can be organized in containers. Some VStack View

containers organize views in one direction. This is Modifiers:
called Stack. • Padding around it
• Orange border
Here is an example of a Vertical Stack or as SwiftUI • 20 point corner radius
calls it, a “VStack”. • 4 point line width
• Add 40 points of spacing between the
Stacks are views too. They are views that can have views within it
modifiers applied to them.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 14
 Basic Concepts

Horizontal Layout Container

There is another stack that can organize views

horizontally. SwiftUI calls this horizontal stack an
HStack.

HStack View
Modifiers:
• Padding around it
• Orange border
• 20 point corner radius
• 10 point line width
• Add 20 points of spacing between the
views within it

www.bigmountainstudio.com 15
 Basic Concepts

Depth Layout Container

The last stack view will organize views one on top of

another. This is called the Depth Stack or ZStack.

ZStack View
Modifiers:
• Padding around it
• Orange border
• 20 point corner radius
• 2 point line width

www.bigmountainstudio.com 16
 Basic Concepts

Layout Examples

Now that you know these layout stacks, you can start to guess
how views like these might be arranged using SwiftUI.

VStack

HStack

In this book, you will be seeing hundreds of layout examples.

Pretty soon, it will become a natural ability of yours to recognize
layout.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 17
 Basic Concepts

Relationships - Parent & Child

It is common in programming to express a hierarchy

of objects as a parent and child relationship.
Parent View (HStack)
In this book, I use this concept to express
relationships with SwiftUI views.

In this example, you have an HStack view that

It is beneficial to know that Apple refers to child views
contains two child views within it. The HStack is the
that have no children of their own as “leaf views”.
parent.

These two child views are leaf views because they

contain no other views within them.

Child Views inside

Leaf View

www.bigmountainstudio.com 18
 Basic Concepts

Relationships - And Modifiers

Some modifiers can be set on the parent view and it

will also apply to all children in the container. VStack View
In this example, the font size is set on the parent and Modifiers:

the child views use it. • Font size is 28 points

The parent text does not use the font size because it
overrides it with a larger font size.

Text View
Modifiers:
• Font size is 32 points

www.bigmountainstudio.com 19
 Understanding the Syntax

Understanding the Syntax

If you have used Swift in the past, then the SwiftUI syntax may look a little different.

It may not be readily apparent just how this code can even compile. This chapter is to help you understand how the code is
able to work.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 20
 Understanding the Syntax

The View
struct BasicSyntax: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Hello World!") // Adds a text view to the screen
}
}

Views in SwiftUI are structs that conform to the View protocol. There is just one property to implement, the body
property.

If “body” is a property then where is the “get” and the “return” syntax?

www.bigmountainstudio.com 21
 Understanding the Syntax

Property Getters
struct Person {
Properties can have a getter and setter. But // Computed read-only property (no set, value is not stored)
var personType: String {
when a property has no setter, it’s called a
get {
“read-only” property. And when the return "human"
}
property does not store a value, it is called a
}
“computed” property. This is because the }
value is computed or generated every time
the property is read.
In this example, personType is a computed
read-only property. // Change 1 - Remove the return
struct Person {
var personType: String {
You can further simplify this property in get {
"human"
two ways: }
}
1. When the code inside the get is a single }
expression (one thing), the getter will just
return it automatically. You can remove
return.
See “Change 1” in the code example.
// Change 2 - Remove the get
var personType: String {
2. When a property is read-only (no setter), "human"
}
we can remove the get. }
Just know that these changes are
optional.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 22
 Understanding the Syntax

SwiftUI With Property Getters

Since these property changes are optional, you can, for example, write the previous SwiftUI syntax with a get
and return inside the body property. This might look more familiar to you now:

// SwiftUI with the get and return keywords

struct BasicSyntax: View {
var body: some View {
get {
return Text("Hello World!")
}
}
}

Looking at this code again, you notice the some keyword here.
Normally, when defining a type for a property, you wouldn’t see this word.

So, what does the some keyword do?

www.bigmountainstudio.com 23
 Understanding the Syntax

Opaque Types
struct BasicSyntax: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Hello World!")
}
}

Opaque Types
The keyword some is specifying that an opaque type is being returned. In this case, the opaque type is View. So
why is the type called “opaque”? Well, the English definition for the word “opaque”, when referring to languages,
means “hard or impossible to understand.” And this is true here because opaque types hide the value’s type
information and implementation details. This will certainly make it “hard or impossible to understand” but still
usable.
When this View (BasicSyntax) is used by iOS to draw the screen, it doesn’t have to know that, in this example,
the type Text is being returned. It is OK with just knowing that some View is being returned and can use it to
draw the screen.
And so you can return anything in that body property as long as it conforms to the View protocol.

For more information on Opaque Types, I recommend referring to the Swift Programming Language documentation.

There is another important thing to know about opaque types too...

www.bigmountainstudio.com 24
 Understanding the Syntax

Opaque Types (some Keyword)

You already know from the previous page that what is returned from the body property is something that
conforms to the View protocol.
But what you also need to know is when returning an opaque type (using the some keyword), is that all possible
return types must all be of the same type.
In most cases you are only returning one type. But you might have a scenario like this:

struct UnderstandingTheSomeKeyword: View {

var isYellow = true

// The keyword "some" tells us that whatever we return, it has to:

// 1. Conform to the View protocol
// 2. Has to ALWAYS be the same type of View that is returned.
var body: some View {

// ERROR: Function declares an opaque return type, but the return statements
in its body do not have matching underlying types
if isYellow {
return Color.yellow // Color type does not match the Text type
}

return Text("No color yellow") // Text type does not match the color type
}
}

The body property returns a Color and a Text type. This violates the some keyword.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 25
 Understanding the Syntax

Opaque Types Solution

The solution would be to change the views returned so they are all the same TYPE. The body now returns the
same type of view (Color).

struct UnderstandingTheSomeKeywordSolution: View {

var isYellow = true

// The keyword "some" tells us that whatever we return, it has to:

// 1. Conform to the View protocol
// 2. Has to ALWAYS be the same type of View that is returned.

var body: some View {

if isYellow {
return Color.yellow
Now, the body property always returns a Color type. This
}
satisfies the some keyword.
return Color.clear
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 26
 Understanding the Syntax

View Containers
struct Example: View {
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("Hello World!")
Text("This Vertical Stack is using a function builder")
}
}
}

So far, you have learned that body is a computed read-only property and can only return ONE object that is some
View. What if you want to show multiple views though?

You learned earlier about the concept of “containers” views. These are views that can contain other views.
Remember, the body property can only return one view. You will get an error if you try to return more than one
view in the body property.

In the example above, the VStack (Vertical Stack) is that one view being returned. And that vertical stack is a
container with two more views inside of it.

The VStack is using a “trailing closure,” which just means that it is a code block that is passed into the initializer
to be run by the VStack. You have probably seen this before in Swift, this is not new.

What is new in Swift is the ability to create multiple, new views within the constructor like this. Before we get into
this though, let’s better understand how this constructor works.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 27
 Understanding the Syntax

View Container Initialization

struct Example: View {
In Swift, you usually see parentheses during var body: some View {
initialization but with a trailing closure, the VStack {
parentheses are optional. Text("Hello World!")
You can add them and the code will still work just Text("This Vertical Stack is using a function builder")
fine. }
}
}
See “Change 1” in the code example.

// Change 1 - Add parentheses and parameter name

This change may start looking more familiar to you. struct Example: View {
Now, the question is: var body: some View {
VStack(content: {
How does the VStack know how to accept the Text("Hello World!")
Text("This Vertical Stack is using a function builder")
multiple views like this? })
}
}
This is new in Swift. To better understand this, take
a look at the VStack’s initializer.
// VStack initializer
init(alignment: HorizontalAlignment = .center, spacing: CGFloat? = nil,
The alignment and spacing parameters are @ViewBuilder content: () -> Content)
optional, that is why you don’t see them in the
examples above. But notice before the content
parameter there is @ViewBuilder syntax.

This is what allows you to declare multiple

views within the content parameter’s closure.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 28
 Understanding the Syntax

@ViewBuilder Parameter Attribute

struct ViewBuilderExample: View {
The @ViewBuilder parameter attribute var body: some View {
allows Swift to build multiple child views VStack {
from within a closure. Text("View 1")
Text("View 2")
Text("View 3")
How many child views can I build within Text("View 4")
Text("View 5")
a closure? Text("View 6")
Text("View 7")
Text("View 8")
The way this functionality is set up, you can Text("View 9")
only initialize a maximum of ten (10) views. Text("View 10")
Text("View 11") // Will cause an error
In the example here, you will get an error }
because of the 11th view. }
}

What if I need more child views? struct ViewBuilderExample: View {

var body: some View {
VStack {
If you need to declare more child views for ... // Text views 1 - 5
your user interface, then you will have to use Text("View 6")
Text("View 7")
another view container, such as another
Text("View 8")
VStack. (You will be seeing more options for Text("View 9")
containers in this book.) VStack { // The VStack is now the 10th view
Text("View 10")
Text("View 11")
In the second example, I use another VStack }
to contain text views 10 and 11. }
}
www.bigmountainstudio.com 29
 My Template

If you are completely new to SwiftUI you may wonder what a lot of this code means right at the beginning of the book. I
have a certain “template” that contain a title, subtitle and a short description on most screens.

I will take you through step-by-step on how I build this template that I use throughout the book. I will describe each one
only briefly because each modifier I apply to the views are described in more detail throughout the book within their own
sections.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 30
 My Template

My Basic Template

Here is my basic template I use throughout the book to explain views and modifiers.

In the next pages I’m going to explain how this is built in SwiftUI. I want to make sure you understand these
parts because you will see them everywhere in this book.

I want to remove any confusion right at the beginning so it doesn’t get in your way to learning the topics in the
book.

Let’s start with the title.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 31
 My Template

Starting with the Title

struct Title: View {
var body: some View {
Text("Title") // Create text on the screen
.font(.largeTitle) // Use a font modifier to make text large
}
}

Here, you have a Text view. You want to make it larger so you use the font modifier so you can set the size to a
SwiftUI preset size called largeTitle (this is the largest preset size).

There are more ways you can change the size of text that are covered in this book in the Control Views chapter,
in the section called Text.

Next, we want to add the subtitle.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 32
 My Template

Adding the Subtitle and VStack

struct Subtitle: View {
var body: some View {
// Only one view can be returned from the body property.
// Add 20 points between views within this container.
VStack(spacing: 20) {

Text("Title")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Subtitle")
.font(.title) // Set to be the second largest font.
.foregroundColor(Color.gray) // Change text color to gray.
}
}
}

The body property can only return one view. You will get an error if you declare two views. So, we need to use a
container view that will contain the two text views. The vertical stack (VStack) is the perfect choice here. It has
an optional parameter you can use in its initializer to specify how many points of spacing you want in between
views. (Note: spacing does not add spacing to the top or bottom of the VStack.)

The subtitle is another text view. This time, you set the size to be the second largest preset size with the title
parameter.

Finally, you modify the view to change the text color to gray. (Note: instead of using Color.gray you can also use
just .gray.)

Now, let’s add the description text.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 33
 My Template

Add the Description with a Background Color

struct Description1: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Title")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Subtitle")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Short description of what I am demonstrating goes here.")

.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.blue) // Add the color blue behind the text.
}
}
}

With the description text view, you are now familiar with the font and foregroundColor modifiers. But now
you want to add a color behind the text. So you use the background modifier to set a color.

The important thing to notice here is it is not a backgroundColor modifier. That does not exist. It is a
background modifier because it adds a layer behind the view.

Color.blue is actually a view. So the background modifier is adding a blue view on a layer behind the text.

We want this view to extend to the edges of the screen. So let’s add that next.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 34
 My Template

Adding a Frame Modifier

struct Description2: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Title")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Subtitle")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Short description of what I am demonstrating goes here.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity) // Extend until you can't go anymore.
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.blue)
}
}
}

To extend the text to the edges of the device, we use the frame modifier. You don’t need to set a fixed value.
Instead, you can just modify the text view and say its frame’s maximum width can extend to infinity until it
hits its parent’s frame and then will stop. Its parent’s frame is the VStack.

Notice the frame modifier is now the first modifier. In SwiftUI, the order of modifiers matter.

This is looking good. It would look better though if there was more space around the text that pushed
out the blue background.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 35
 My Template

Add Padding Around the Text View

struct Description3: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Title")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Subtitle")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Short description of what I am demonstrating goes here.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding() // Add space all around text text
.background(Color.blue)
}
}
}

Use the padding modifier to add space around a view. Remember, the order of modifiers matter. You can add
the padding modifier anywhere as long as it is BEFORE the background modifier. If it was after the
background, it would add space around the blue background. We want the space between the text and the
background.

Something is wrong now. The text view’s height can’t be calculated correctly. When adding modifiers that affect
the size of a view, this can sometimes happen. We want to tell iOS to give priority to the calculation of space for
the description text view first. Then calculate space for the other text views second.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 36
 My Template

Giving Priority to Calculating Layout Spacing

struct Description4: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Title")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Subtitle")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Short description of what I am demonstrating goes here.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue)
.layoutPriority(1) // This text view has the highest priority over the
other views in this VStack for the calculation of the space it needs on the screen.
}
}
}

Using layoutPriority you are telling iOS to figure out the space requirements for this text view first over the
other text views in the parent (VStack). The default layout priority of views is zero, so the higher the number, the
greater the priority.

Note: The layoutPriority is not always needed. SwiftUI has been making improvements to automatically
handle this. So, only add layoutPriority if you find you need it.

There is one more concept I want to explain. Notice that the subtitle and description text views are using the
same font modifier setting. You can actually refactor this.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 37
 SwiftUI Basics

Now that you understand this basic template I use for demonstrating topics, I will start using it. Be sure to read what is on
each screenshot (or find the text in the code to read).

www.bigmountainstudio.com 38
 SwiftUI Basics

Refactoring
struct Refactoring: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Refactoring")
.font(.largeTitle) Overrides .font(.title)

Text("Reusing Modifiers")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("You can put common modifiers on the parent views to be applied to all
the child views.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue)
}
.font(.title) // This font style will be applied to all text views inside the
VStack.
}
}

Here, the title font is being applied to all three text views inside of the parent view (VStack).

Why isn’t the title text view affected?

Because the title text view sets the font again, it overrides the title size with the largeTitle size.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 39
 SwiftUI Basics

Short Introduction to Symbols

struct SymbolsIntro: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Images")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Using SF Symbols")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("You will see I use icons or symbols to add clarity to what I'm
demonstrating. These come from Apple's new symbol font library which you can browse
using an app called 'SF Symbols'.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)

// Use "systemName" when you want to use "SF Symbols"

Image(systemName: "hand.thumbsup.fill")
.font(.largeTitle) // Make the symbol larger

Image("SF Symbols") // Regular image from Assets.xcassets

}
.font(.title)
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom) // Ignore the bottom screen border
}
}

Even though an Image view is used to initialize a symbol, you use the font modifier to change its size. These
symbols actually come from fonts. So use font modifiers to change them. There is a whole section that covers
this.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 40
 SwiftUI Basics

Layers
VStack(spacing: 40) {
Text("Layers")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("The Basics")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("With SwiftUI views, you can add layers on top (.overlay) and behind
(.background) the view.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)

Image("yosemite") // Show an image from Assets.xcassets

.opacity(0.7) // Make image only 70% solid
.background(Color.red.opacity(0.3)) // Layer behind image
.background(Color.yellow.opacity(0.3)) // Layer behind red
.background(Color.blue.opacity(0.3)) // Layer behind yellow
.overlay(Text("Yosemite")) // Layer on top of image

Image("Layers")
}
.font(.title)

I use layers (background and overlay) early in the book so I want to make sure you understand this concept.

Both of these modifiers are explained in detail in their own sections.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 41
 SwiftUI Basics

Short Introduction to Shapes

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Shapes")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Short Introduction")
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("I'll make shapes, give them color and put them behind other views just for
decoration.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue) RoundedRectangle is a common
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
shape.
Text("This text has a rounded rectangle behind it")
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding()
.background(
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 20) // Create the shape
.foregroundColor(Color.blue)) // Make shape blue
.padding()
.layoutPriority(1) // You need to play with priority order to get it right
sometimes

Text("But sometimes I'll use color and a corner radius:")

Text("This text has a color with a corner radius")

.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue) // Use a color as the background layer
.cornerRadius(20) // Rounded corners on whole text view
}
.font(.title)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 42
 Layout Behavior

In SwiftUI, you may wonder why some views layout differently than others. You can observe two behaviors when it comes
to the size and layout of views:
1. Some views pull in to be as small as possible to fit their content. (I will refer to these as “pull-in” views.)
2. Some views push out to fill all available space. (I will refer to these as “push-out” views.)
Knowing these two behaviors can help you predict what will happen when using the different views.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 43
 Layout Behavior

Some Views Pull In

struct ViewSizes_Pull_In: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Layout Behavior").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Views that Pull In").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Some views minimize their frame size so it is only as big as the
content within it.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.purple)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.layoutPriority(1)

Image(systemName: "arrow.down.to.line.alt")

HStack { // Order views horizontally

Image(systemName: "arrow.right.to.line.alt")
Text("Text views pull in")
Image(systemName: "arrow.left.to.line.alt")
}

Image(systemName: "arrow.up.to.line.alt")

Text("Pull-In views tend to center themselves within their parent container

view.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.purple)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.layoutPriority(1)
}.font(.title)
}
www.bigmountainstudio.com 44
 Layout Behavior

Some Views Push Out

struct ViewSizes_Push_Out: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Layout Behavior")
Text("Views that Push Out")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Some views will push out to fill up all available space within their parent.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding().font(.title)
.background(Color.purple).layoutPriority(1)

Color.purple
// Add 5 layers on top of the color view
.overlay(
Image(systemName: "arrow.up.left")
.padding() // Add spacing around the symbol
, alignment: .topLeading) // Align within the layer
.overlay(
Image(systemName: "arrow.up.right")
.padding(), alignment: .topTrailing)
.overlay(
Image(systemName: "arrow.down.left")
.padding(), alignment: .bottomLeading)
.overlay(
Image(systemName: "arrow.down.right")
.padding(), alignment: .bottomTrailing)
.overlay(Text("Colors are Push-Out views"))
}.font(.largeTitle) // Make all text and symbols larger
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 45
SEE YOUR WORK

46
 Preview Options

As you practice these examples, you might want to see your SwiftUI working on different devices in different modes,
including light or dark mode or with different accessibility settings.

You can do all of this without even having to launch the Simulator. When using SwiftUI, you get a preview canvas that will
show you how your views will render.

(Note: You will need to be running Xcode 11 or later on macOS Catalina or later.)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 47
 Preview Options

The Canvas - What is it?

The canvas is the area next to the code that shows

you a preview of how your SwiftUI will look. You
might also hear this called the “Preview” or
“Preview Canvas”.

If you do not see this pane, click on the Editor

Options button on the top right of your code
window and click Canvas:

www.bigmountainstudio.com 48
 Preview Options

Introduction
struct Previews_Intro: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Previews")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Introduction")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Xcode looks for a struct that conforms to the PreviewProvider protocol

and accesses its previews property to display a view on the Canvas.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.red)
.foregroundColor(.white)

}.font(.title)
}
}

// Xcode looks for PreviewProvider struct

struct Previews_Intro_Previews: PreviewProvider {
// It will access this property to get a view to show in the Canvas (if the Canvas
is shown)
static var previews: some View {
// Instantiate and return your view inside this property to see a preview of it
Previews_Intro()
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 49
 Preview Options

Dark Mode
struct Preview_DarkMode: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Previews").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Dark Mode").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("By default, your preview will show in light mode. To see it in dark
mode, you can use the environment modifier.")
...

}.font(.title)
}
}

struct Preview_DarkMode_Previews: PreviewProvider {

static var previews: some View {
Preview_DarkMode()
// Use the environment function and pass in a property key path and a value
to set that property to.
.environment(\EnvironmentValues.colorScheme, ColorScheme.dark)
}
}

What is that backslash for?

This is a KeyPath symbol used to access the colorScheme property to assign a new value to it without having to
reference the type that contains that property. There may be different environment types for macOS, iOS, tvOS,
etc. So you are just setting the property and letting Xcode handle the rest for you.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 50
 Preview Options

Light & Dark Modes Together

struct Preview_LightAndDarkMode: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Previews").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Light & Dark Modes Together").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Group your views to preview more than one at a time.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.red)
.foregroundColor(.white)

}.font(.title)
}
}

struct Preview_LightAndDarkMode_Previews: PreviewProvider {

static var previews: some View {
// Just use a Group container to instantiate your views in
Group {
Preview_LightAndDarkMode() // Light Mode
Preview_LightAndDarkMode()
.environment(\.colorScheme, .dark)
}
}
}

Dark mode isn’t showing up for me.

This has been a problem and it may not work for you. It hasn’t worked for me.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 51
 Preview Options

Changing Devices
struct Previews_Devices: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Previews").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Change Devices").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("By default, your canvas will use the simulator you
currently have selected (upper left in Xcode). You can preview a
different device using the previewDevice modifier.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.red)
.foregroundColor(.white)
}.font(.title)
}
}

struct Previews_Devices_Previews: PreviewProvider {

static var previews: some View {
Previews_Devices()
.previewDevice(PreviewDevice(rawValue: "iPad Pro (9.7-
inch)"))
}
}

How do I know what to type for a device?

Just look at your list of simulators and type in exactly as you see them displayed in the list.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 52
 Preview Options

Size Category
struct Preview_SizeCategory: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
...
Text("For testing accessibility text size, set the sizeCategory property.")
...
}.font(.title)
}
}

struct Preview_SizeCategory_Previews: PreviewProvider {

static var previews: some View {
Preview_SizeCategory()
.environment(\.sizeCategory, .accessibilityExtraExtraExtraLarge)
/*
Options:
case accessibilityExtraExtraExtraLarge
case accessibilityExtraExtraLarge
case accessibilityExtraLarge
case accessibilityLarge
case accessibilityMedium
case extraExtraExtraLarge
case extraExtraLarge
case extraLarge
case extraSmall
case large
case medium
case small
*/
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 53
 Preview Options

Landscape

Text("You currently cannot rotate a previewed device. But one option is to set a fixed width and height for your preview.")

struct Preview_Landscape_Previews: PreviewProvider {

static var previews: some View {
Preview_Landscape()
.previewLayout(PreviewLayout.fixed(width: 896, height: 414))
}
}

I would run your project and rotate your simulator for more accurate results.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 54
 Preview Options

Environment Overrides

If you prefer to see your work in the Simulator then you can access many of the
options mentioned through the Environment Overrides options.

This button will show up when you run your app in the debugging toolbar at the bottom
of Xcode.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 55
LAYOUT VIEWS

56
 VStack

VStack stands for “Vertical Stack”. It is a pull-in container view in which you pass in up to ten views and it will compose them
one below the next, going down the screen.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 57
 VStack

Introduction
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("VStack")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("VStacks are views that contain other views")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity, minHeight: 70)
.padding().font(.title)
.background(Color.blue)
.foregroundColor(.white)
Text("The containing views are stacked vertically")
.font(.title)
VStack {
Text("VStack inside another VStack")
Divider()
Text("This can be handy. Why?")
Divider()
Text("More than 10 views creates an error.")
}
.font(.title) // Apply this font to all text within parent
.padding()
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(
// Use a blue rectangle as the background
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.foregroundColor(.blue))
.padding()
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 58
 VStack

Spacing
VStack(spacing: 80) { Set spacing in the initializer.
Text("VStack")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Spacing")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("The VStack initializer allows you to set the spacing between all the views inside the
VStack")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue).font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.white)

Image(systemName: "arrow.up.and.down.circle.fill")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("The spacing here between all of these views is 80")

.font(.title)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 59
 VStack

Alignment
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("VStack")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Alignment")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("By default, views in a VStack are center aligned.")
...

VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 40) { Set alignment in the initializer.

Text("Leading Alignment")
.font(.title)
Divider() // Creates a thin line (Push-out view)
Image(systemName: "arrow.left")
}
.padding()
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.foregroundColor(.blue))
.padding()

VStack(alignment: .trailing, spacing: 40) {

Text("Trailing Alignment")
.font(.title)
Divider()
Image(systemName: "arrow.right")
}
.padding()
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.foregroundColor(.blue))
.padding()
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 60
 HStack

HStack stands for “Horizontal Stack”. It is a pull-in container view in which you pass in up to ten views and it will compose
them side-by-side.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 61
 HStack

Introduction
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("HStack").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("HStacks are views that contain other views laid out horizontally.")
...
HStack {
Text("Leading")
Text("Middle")
Text("Trailing")
}
.padding()
.border(Color.orange) // Create a 2 point border using the color specified

HStack(spacing: 10) {
Image(systemName: "1.circle")
Image(systemName: "2.circle")
Image(systemName: "3.circle")
}.padding()

HStack(spacing: 20) {
Image(systemName: "a.circle.fill")
Image(systemName: "b.circle.fill")
Image(systemName: "c.circle.fill")
Image(systemName: "d.circle.fill")
Image(systemName: "e.circle.fill")
}
.font(.largeTitle).padding()
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.foregroundColor(.orange))
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 62
 HStack

Spacing
VStack(spacing: 40) {
Text("HStack")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Spacing")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("The HStack initializer allows you to set the spacing between all the views inside the
HStack")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding().layoutPriority(1)
.background(Color.orange).font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.black)

Text("Default Spacing")
.font(.title)
HStack {
Image(systemName: "1.circle")
Image(systemName: "2.circle")
Image(systemName: "3.circle")
}.font(.largeTitle)

Divider()

Text("Spacing: 100")
.font(.title)
HStack(spacing: 100) { Set spacing in the initializer.
Image(systemName: "1.circle")
Image(systemName: "2.circle")
Image(systemName: "3.circle")
}.font(.largeTitle)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 63
 HStack

Alignment
Text("By default, views within an HStack are vertically aligned in the center.")
...
HStack {
Rectangle().foregroundColor(.orange).frame(width: 25)
Text("Leading")
Spacer()
Text("Center")
Spacer()
Text("Trailing")
.padding(.trailing) Set alignment in the initializer.
}
.border(Color.orange)
HStack(alignment: .top) {
Rectangle().foregroundColor(.orange).frame(width: 25)
Text("Leading")
Spacer()
Text("Top")
Spacer()
Text("Trailing")
.padding(.trailing)
}
.border(Color.orange)
HStack(alignment: .bottom) {
Rectangle().foregroundColor(.orange).frame(width: 25)
Text("Leading")
Spacer()
Text("Bottom")
Spacer()
Text("Trailing")
.padding(.trailing)
}
.border(Color.orange)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 64
 HStack

Layout Priority
When using a horizontal stack with text views within it, there’s a chance that text might truncate if
you are not allowing them to wrap. In this case, you can prioritize which one will truncate last with
layout priority. The default value is 0. The higher the number, the higher the priority to be given
enough space to not be truncated.

HStack {
Text("SwiftUI")
.font(.largeTitle).lineLimit(1) // Don't let text wrap
Image("SwiftUI")
.resizable()
.frame(width: 80, height: 80)
Text("Brings Balance")
.font(.largeTitle)
.layoutPriority(1) // Truncate last
}
.padding([.horizontal])
Divider()
HStack {
Text("SwiftUI")
.font(.largeTitle)
.layoutPriority(1) // Truncate last
Image("SwiftUI")
.resizable()
.frame(width: 80, height: 80)
Text("Brings Balance")
.font(.largeTitle).lineLimit(1) // Don't let text wrap
}
.padding(.horizontal)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 65
 Depth (Z) Stack

A Depth Stack (ZStack) is a pull-in container view. It is a view that overlays its child views on top of each other. (“Z”
represents the Z-axis which is depth-based in a 3D space.)

You learned earlier about creating layers with the background and overlay modifiers. ZStack is another way to create layers
with views that control their own sizing and spacing.

So, the ZStack is a pull-in container view but you may think it is a push-out view because of the first example but it’s actually
the color that is pushing out.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 66
 ZStack

Introduction
ZStack {
// LAYER 1: Furthest back
You set depth by the order of
Color.gray // Yes, Color is a view! the views inside the ZStack.

// LAYER 2: This VStack is on top.

VStack(spacing: 20) { Note: The Color view is a push-
Text("ZStack") out view. It is pushing out the
.font(.largeTitle)
ZStack container view.
Text("Introduction")
.foregroundColor(.white)

Text("ZStacks are great for setting a background color.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)

Text("But notice the Color stops at the Safe Areas (white areas on top and bottom).")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)
}
.font(.title)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 67
 ZStack

Ignore Safe Area

ZStack {
Color.gray

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("ZStack")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Edges Ignoring Safe Area")

.foregroundColor(.white)

Text("Ignoring the Safe Areas will extend a view to fill the whole scene.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Color.green)

}
.font(.title)
}
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.all) // Ignore the safe areas

Allows views to extend into the

safe areas.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 68
 ZStack

Background Problem
struct ZStack_BackgroundColor_Problem: View {
var body: some View {
ZStack {
Color.gray

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("ZStack") // This view is under the notch
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Edges Ignoring Safe Area")

.foregroundColor(.white)

Text("Having the ZStack edges ignoring the safe areas might be a mistake if you
don't want other layers' edges to also ignore the safe areas. You notice that the top Text view
is completely under the notch.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)

Spacer() // Added a spacer to push the views up.

}
.font(.title)
}
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.all)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 69
 ZStack

Background Solution
struct ZStack_BackgroundColor_Solution: View {
var body: some View {
ZStack {
Color.gray
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.all) // Have JUST the color ignore the safe areas, not
the VStack.

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("ZStack")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Color Ignores Safe Area Edges")

.foregroundColor(.white)

Text("To solve the problem, you want just the color (bottom layer) to ignore the
safe area edges and fill the screen. Other layers above it will respect the safe areas.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)
Spacer()
}
.font(.title)
}
}
}

Remove edgesIgnoringSafeArea modifier

from the ZStack and put it just on the color.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 70
 ZStack

Layering & Aligning

VStack {
Text("ZStack")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Layering & Aligning")

.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("ZStacks are great for layering views. For example, putting text on top of an image.
You can align all the subviews within the ZStack.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity, minHeight: 171) // Force the height. Can increase but not go
below 171.
.padding().foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Color.green).font(.title)

ZStack(alignment: .bottomTrailing) {
Image("yosemite_large")

Rectangle()
.foregroundColor(transparentWhite)
.frame(width: 390, height: 50)

Text("Yosemite National Park")

.font(.title)
.padding(8) // Override the default padding with 8 points
}
Text("View Hierarchy")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)

Image("yosemite_layers")
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 71
 Spacer

You may notice that when you add new pull-in views, such as Text views, they appear in the center of the screen. You can
use the Spacer to push these views apart, away from the center of the screen.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 72
 Spacer

Introduction
VStack {
Text("Spacer")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Introduction")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Spacers push things away either vertically or horizontally")

...

Image(systemName: "arrow.up.circle.fill")

Spacer() Pushes away vertically when in a VStack.

Image(systemName: "arrow.down.circle.fill")

HStack {
Text("Horizontal Spacer")

Image(systemName: "arrow.left.circle.fill")

Spacer() Pushes away horizontally when in an HStack.

Image(systemName: "arrow.right.circle.fill")
}
.padding(.horizontal)

Color.yellow
.frame(maxHeight: 50) // Height can decrease but not go higher than 50
}
.font(.title) // Apply this font to every view within the VStack

www.bigmountainstudio.com 73
 Spacer

Evenly Spaced
Text("Use Spacer to evenly space views horizontally so they look good on any
device.")
...
Text("After")
...
HStack {
Spacer()

VStack(alignment: .leading) {
Text("Names")
.font(.largeTitle)
.underline()
Text("Chase")
Text("Rodrigo")
Text("Mark")
Text("Evans")
}

Spacer()

VStack(alignment: .leading) {
Text("Color")
.font(.largeTitle)
.underline()
Text("Red")
Text("Orange")
Text("Green")
Text("Blue")
}

Spacer()
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 74
 Spacer

Minimum Length
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("Spacer")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Minimum Length")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can set a minimum space to exist between views using the minLength modifier on the
Spacer.")
...
Text("No minLength set (system default is used)")
.bold()
HStack {
Image("yosemite")
Spacer()
Text("This is Yosemite National Park").lineLimit(1)
}.padding()

Text("minLength = 0")
Set the minimum length in the
.bold()
HStack { Spacer’s initializer.
Image("yosemite")
Spacer(minLength: 0)
Text("This is Yosemite National Park").lineLimit(1)
}.padding()

Text("minLength = 20")
.bold()
HStack {
Image("yosemite")
Spacer(minLength: 20)
Text("This is Yosemite National Park").lineLimit(1)
}.padding()
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 75
 Spacer

Relative Spacing with Spacers

struct Spacer_RelativeSpacing: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Spacer").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Relative Spacing").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can add more spacers to create relative spacing in comparison to other
spacers.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.yellow).foregroundColor(.black)
HStack(spacing: 50) {
VStack(spacing: 5) {
Spacer()
.frame(width: 5) Spacers are views and can be
.background(Color.blue) modified like views.
Text("33% Down")
Spacer()
.frame(width: 5)
.background(Color.blue)
Spacer()
.frame(width: 5)
.background(Color.blue)
}
VStack(spacing: 5) {
Spacer()
.frame(width: 5)
.background(Color.blue)
Spacer()
.frame(width: 5)
.background(Color.blue)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 76
 Spacer

Spacer()
.frame(width: 5)
.background(Color.blue)
Text("75% Down")
Spacer()
.frame(width: 5)
.background(Color.blue)
}
}
}.font(.title)
}
}

You can also use Spacers horizontally to place views

a percentage from the leading or trailing sides of the
screen.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 77
 GeometryReader

It is difficult, if not impossible, to get the size of a view. This is where the GeometryReader comes in.

The GeometryReader is similar to a push-out container view in that you can add child views to it. It will allow you to inspect
and use properties that can help with positioning other views within it. You can access properties like height, width and safe
area insets which can help you dynamically set the sizes of views within it so they look good on any size device.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 78
 Geometry Reader

Introduction
struct GeometryReader_Intro : View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("GeometryReader")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Introduction")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("GeometryReader is a container view that pushes out to fill up all available

space. You use it to help with positioning items within it.")
.font(.title)
.padding()

GeometryReader {_ in
Text("Views center automatically inside the GeometryReader")
.font(.title)
}
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Color.pink)

}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 79
 Geometry Reader

Positioning
struct GeometryReader_Positioning: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("GeometryReader").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Positioning").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Use the geometry reader's variable to help position child views at different
locations within the geometry's view instead of it being in the center.")
.font(.title)
.padding()
Define a parameter to reference the
GeometryReader { geometry in geometry’s coordinate space.
Text("Upper Left")
.font(.title)
.position(x: geometry.size.width/5,
y: geometry.size.height/10)

Text("Lower Right")
.font(.title)
.position(x: geometry.size.width - 90,
y: geometry.size.height - 40)
}
.background(Color.pink)
.foregroundColor(.white)

Text("Note: The position modifier uses the view's center point when setting the X
and Y parameters.")
.font(.title)
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 80
 Geometry Reader

Getting Size
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("GeometryReader")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Getting Size")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Use the geometry reader when you need to get the height and/or width of a space.")
.padding()

GeometryReader { geometry in
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("Width: \(geometry.size.width)")
Text("Height: \(geometry.size.height)")
}
.foregroundColor(.white)
}
.background(Color.pink)

GeometryReader { geometry in
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("Width: \(geometry.size.width)")
Text("Height: \(geometry.size.height)")
}
.foregroundColor(.white)
}
.background(Color.pink)
.padding(30)
}
.font(.title)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 81
 Geometry Reader

Getting Coordinates
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("GeometryReader").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Getting Coordinates").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Getting the coordinates (x, y) of a geometry view is little different. Take a look at
this example:")

GeometryReader { geometry in
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("X: \(geometry.frame(in: CoordinateSpace.local).origin.x)")
Text("Y: \(geometry.frame(in: CoordinateSpace.local).origin.y)")
}
.foregroundColor(.white)
}
.background(Color.pink)

Text("The local coordinate space will always give you zeros.")

Text("You need to look globally to get the coordinates inside the current view:")
GeometryReader { geometry in
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("X: \(geometry.frame(in: .global).origin.x)")
Text("Y: \(geometry.frame(in: .global).origin.y)")
}
.foregroundColor(.white)
}
.background(Color.pink)
.frame(height: 200)
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.horizontal)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 82
 Geometry Reader

Min Mid Max Coordinates

struct GeometryReader_MinMidMax: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("GeometryReader")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Min Mid Max")

.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("You can also get the minimum (min), middle (mid), and maximum
(max) X and Y coordinate from the geometry reader.")
.layoutPriority(1)

GeometryReader { geometry in
VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 20) {
Text("Local Coordinate Space")
HStack(spacing: 10) {
// I'm converting to Int just so we don't have so many zeros
Text("minX: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .local).minX))")
Spacer()
Text("midX: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .local).midX))")
Spacer()
Text("maxX: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .local).maxX))")
}
Text("Global Coordinate Space")
HStack(spacing: 10) {
// I'm converting to Int just so we don't have so many zeros
Text("minX: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .global).minX))")
Spacer()
Text("midX: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .global).midX))")
Spacer()

www.bigmountainstudio.com 83
 Geometry Reader

Min Mid Max Coordinates Continued

Text("maxX: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .global).maxX))")
}
}.padding(.horizontal)
}
.frame(height: 200)
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Color.pink)

HStack {
GeometryReader { geometry in
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("minY: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .global).minY))")
Spacer()
Text("midY: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .global).midY))")
Spacer()
Text("maxY: \(Int(geometry.frame(in: .global).maxY))")
}.padding(.vertical)
}
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Color.pink)

Image("MinMidMax")
.resizable()
.aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
}
}
.font(.title)
.padding() Notice how the min, mid and max values change as the
} geometry reader adapts to different device sizes.
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 84
 Geometry Reader

Safe Area Insets

Text("GeometryReader can also tell you the safe area insets it has.")
...

GeometryReader { geometry in
VStack {
Text("geometry.safeAreaInsets.leading: \(geometry.safeAreaInsets.leading)")
Text("geometry.safeAreaInsets.trailing: \(geometry.safeAreaInsets.trailing)")
Text("geometry.safeAreaInsets.top: \(geometry.safeAreaInsets.top)")
Text("geometry.safeAreaInsets.bottom: \(geometry.safeAreaInsets.bottom)")
}
}
.font(.title)
.background(Color.pink)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 85
CONTROL VIEWS

86
 Button

The Button is a pull-in view with a wide range of composition and customization options to be presented to the user. The
button can be just text, just an image or both combined.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 87
 Button

Introduction
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Button")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("If you just want to show the default text style in a button then you can pass in a
string as the first parameter")
...

Button("Default Button Style") {

// Your code here Default text-only buttons.
}

Text("You can customize the text shown for a button")

...
Button(action: {
// Your code here
Use this initializer to customize the text.
}) {
Text("Headline Font")
.font(.headline)
}
Divider()
Button(action: {}) {
Text("Foreground Color")
.foregroundColor(Color.red)
}
Divider()
Button(action: {}) {
Text("Thin Font Weight")
.fontWeight(.thin)
For more text customization options, see
}
} the chapter on Text.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 88
 Button

Text Composition
struct Button_TextModifiers : View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Button").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Text Composition").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can add more than one text view to a button. By default, the views are
composed within an HStack.")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.purple)
.foregroundColor(.white).font(.title)

Button(action: {}, label: {

Text("Forgot Password?") Views arranged horizontally by default.
Text("Tap to Recover")
.foregroundColor(.orange)
})

Text("Using a VStack")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.purple)
.foregroundColor(.white)

Button(action: {}, label: {

VStack {
Text("New User")
Text("(Register Here)").font(.body)
}
})
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 89
 Button

With Backgrounds
Text("Button").font(.largeTitle)
Text("With Backgrounds").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("As with most views, we can also customize the background and add a shadow.")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.purple)
.foregroundColor(.white).font(.title)
You will learn another way to
Button(action: {}) {
do this using Shapes in the
Text("Solid Button")
.padding() “Other Views” chapter.
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.purple)
.cornerRadius(8)
}
Button(action: {}) {
Text("Button With Shadow")
.padding(12)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.purple)
.cornerRadius(8)
}
.shadow(color: Color.purple, radius: 20, y: 5) // See more info in the section on Shadows

Button(action: {}) {
Text("Button With Rounded Ends")
.padding(EdgeInsets(top: 12, leading: 20, bottom: 12, trailing: 20))
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.purple)
.cornerRadius(.infinity) // Infinity will always give you the perfect corner no matter
the size of the view.
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 90
 Button

With Borders
Text("Button").font(.largeTitle)
Text("With Borders").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Applying borders can add a nice effect to your buttons. Here are some options.")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.purple)
.foregroundColor(.white).font(.title)

Button(action: {}) {
Text("Square Border Button")
.padding()
.border(Color.purple)
}
Button(action: {}) {
Text("Rounded Border Button")
.padding()
.border(Color.purple)
.cornerRadius(10)
}
Text("Look what happened when I tried to add a corner radius to the border. It is clipping the
corners. Here is a different way you can accomplish this:")
...

Button(action: {}) {
Text("Border Button")
.padding()
.background(
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.stroke(Color.purple, lineWidth: 2)
)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 91
 Button

With SF Symbols
Button(action: {}) {
Text("Button With Symbol")
.padding(.horizontal)
Image(systemName: "gift.fill")
}
.padding()
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.purple)
.cornerRadius(8)

Button(action: {}) {
Image(systemName: "magnifyingglass")
Text("Search")
.padding(.horizontal)
}
.padding()
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.purple)
.cornerRadius(8)

Button(action: {}) {
VStack {
Image(systemName: "video.fill")
Text("Record")
.padding(.horizontal)
} For even more ways to customize buttons,
}
see the chapter on Paints where you can
.padding()
.foregroundColor(Color.white) learn how to apply the 3 different gradients
.background(Color.purple) to them.
.cornerRadius(.infinity)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 92
 Button

With Images
struct Button_WithPhotos: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Button").font(.largeTitle)
Text("With Images")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Buttons work fine with the SF Symbols. But what if you wanted to use a photo?
Look what happens:")
...

Button(action: {}) {
Image("yosemite")
.cornerRadius(40)
}

Text("This is because the image rendering mode is set to \"template\" by default.

This means all non-transparent areas will use the accent color. You need to change the rendering
mode to fix this.")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.purple)
.font(.title)

Button(action: {}) {
Image("yosemite")
// Change rendering mode to original
.renderingMode(.original)
.cornerRadius(40)
}
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 93
 Button

Floating Action Button

ZStack {
VStack(spacing: 40) {
Text("Button")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Floating")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("You can also create floating buttons by using a ZStack so the button is on the top
layer, over everything else")
...
Spacer()
}

VStack {
Spacer()
HStack {
Spacer()
Button(action: {}) {
Image(systemName: "plus")
.font(.title)
}
.padding(20)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.background(Color.purple)
.cornerRadius(.infinity)
}
.padding(.trailing, 30) // Add 30 points on the trailing side of the button
}
}

See the section on the Overlay modifier in

the Layout Modifiers chapter for more
ways to accomplish the same thing.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 94
 DatePicker

In order to get or set a value for the DatePicker, you need to bind it to a variable. This variable is then passed into the
DatePicker’s initializer. Then, all you need to do is change the value of the bound variable to set the date or time you want
to show in the DatePicker. Or read the bound variable’s value to see which date or time is currently selected.

This is a pull-in view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 95
 DatePicker

Introduction
struct DatePicker_Intro : View {
// The date picker will use this variable to get and set its value
@State private var nextFullMoonDate = Date()

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("DatePicker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Bind a date variable to get and set the date in the date picker")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)

HStack {
Spacer()
Image(systemName: "moon.circle")
Spacer()
Circle().frame(width: 60, height: 60.0)
Spacer()
Image(systemName: "moon.circle.fill")
Spacer()
}
.foregroundColor(Color.yellow)

DatePicker("", selection: $nextFullMoonDate,

displayedComponents: .date)

Text("Notice the indent of the picker.")

.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 96
 DatePicker

Titles
struct DatePicker_Titles: View {
@State private var nextFullMoonDate = Date()

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("DatePicker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Titles").foregroundColor(.gray).font(.title)
Text("You can provide an optional title for pickers.")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)
.font(.title)

// The first parameter is a label or title for the picker

DatePicker("Date of next full moon", selection: $nextFullMoonDate,
displayedComponents: .date)
.padding(.horizontal)

Text("This doesn't really look good. So you might want to add your own title.")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)
.font(.title)
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 97
 DatePicker

Your Own Title

struct DatePicker_YourOwnTitle: View {
@State private var nextFullMoonDate = Date()

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("DatePicker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Your Own Title").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Even when you add your own title, you still have the problem with the date
picker indenting.")
.padding()
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)

VStack(spacing: 0) {
Text("Date of next full moon")
.font(.title)
DatePicker("", selection: $nextFullMoonDate,
displayedComponents: .date)
}

Text("How can you prevent the indenting?")

.padding()
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 98
 DatePicker

Labels Hidden
struct DatePicker_LabelsHidden: View {
@State private var nextFullMoonDate = Date()

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("DatePicker")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Labels Hidden")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("You use the .labelsHidden modifier to let SwiftUI know not to render or
reserve space for the label (title).")
.padding()
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)

VStack(spacing: 0) {
Text("Date of next full moon")
DatePicker("Select a date for next full moon",
selection: $nextFullMoonDate,
displayedComponents: .date)
.labelsHidden() // Hide the label/title
}
}
.font(.title)
You will see later how labelsHidden can apply to many views with labels,
} not just the DatePicker.
}

Note: Even though the label/title is not shown, I would still recommend having one because it will still
be used for accessibility purposes.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 99
 DatePicker

Displayed Components
struct DatePicker_DisplayedComponents: View {
@State private var justTime = Date()
@State private var theDateAndTime = Date()

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 9) {
Text("DatePicker")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Displayed Components")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Show date and time parts with displayedComponents.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding().background(Color.yellow)
.foregroundColor(.black)
Set different
DatePicker("", selection: $justTime,
displayedComponents: .hourAndMinute)
components or combine
them.
Text("Combine date and time with an array.")
.padding().frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.yellow)
.foregroundColor(.black)

DatePicker("", selection: $theDateAndTime,

displayedComponents: [.date, .hourAndMinute])
}
.font(.title)
.labelsHidden() // Notice I can add this modifier to the parent to be applied to the
children
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 100
 DatePicker

In Forms and Lists

struct DatePicker_InForm: View {
@State private var dateInForm = Date()

var body: some View {

Form {
Section(header: Text("DatePicker")
.font(.largeTitle).padding())
{
Text("Used In Forms")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
.padding()

Text("The date picker looks different when used in a form. The first parameter
called 'title' is used when in forms and lists.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.listRowBackground(Color.yellow)
.font(.title)

DatePicker("DatePicker Collapsed (Default)",

selection: $dateInForm,
displayedComponents: .date)

DatePicker("DatePicker Expanded (Selected)",

selection: $dateInForm,
displayedComponents: .date)
}
}
}
}
Labels work great when the date picker is used within a form.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 101
 DatePicker

From a Specific Date or Time

struct DatePicker_FromSpecificDateTime: View {
@State private var arrivalDate = Date()
let fromToday = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .minute,
value: -1, to: Date())!
let mainColor = Color("AccentColorDark")

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("DatePicker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("From Date or Time").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can set a starting date or time with the date picker")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(mainColor).foregroundColor(.white)
Image("banff").resizable()
.aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
Text("Arrival Date")
DatePicker("", selection: $arrivalDate, in: fromToday...,
displayedComponents: .date)
.padding(.horizontal, 28)
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.foregroundColor(mainColor))
.padding(.horizontal)
.labelsHidden()
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 102
 DatePicker

To a Specific Date or Time

struct DatePicker_DateTimeTo: View {
@State private var arrivalDate = Date()
let mainColor = Color("LightPinkColor")

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("DatePicker")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("To Date or Time")
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can set a maximum date or time that you cannot go past with the date
picker")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding().background(mainColor)

Image("baby")
.resizable()
.aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)

Text("Date and Time of Birth")

DatePicker("", selection: $arrivalDate, in: ...Date(),

displayedComponents: [.date, .hourAndMinute])
.background(
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 20)
.stroke(mainColor, lineWidth: 2))
.padding(.horizontal)
.labelsHidden()
}
.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 103
 DatePicker

With Minimum and Maximum Date Range

@State private var nextFullMoonDate = Date()

var withinNext30Days: ClosedRange<Date> {

let today = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .minute, value: -1,
to: Date())!
let next30Days = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: 30,
to: Date())!
return today...next30Days
}
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 30) {
Text("DatePicker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Min and Max Date Range")
.foregroundColor(.gray)
HStack {
// Moon images
}
.foregroundColor(Color.yellow)

Text("Select date of next full moon").font(.title)

DatePicker("", selection: $nextFullMoonDate,
in: withinNext30Days,
displayedComponents: .date)
.padding(.horizontal, 28)
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.foregroundColor(.yellow))
.shadow(radius: 20, y: 20)
.labelsHidden()
Text("(Valid range only in the next 30 days)")
.padding(.vertical)
Spacer()
}.font(.title)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 104
 Form

The Form view is a great choice when you want to show settings, options, or get some user input. It is easy to set up and
customize as you will see on the following pages.

This is a push-out view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 105
 Form

Introduction
struct Form_Intro : View {
var body: some View {
Form {
Section {
Text("This is a Form!")
.font(.title)
Text("You can put any content in here")
Text("The cells will grow to fit the content")
Text("Remember, it's just views inside of views")
}

Section {
Text("Limitations")
.font(.title)
Text("There are built-in margins that are difficult to get around. Take a look
at the color below so you can see where the margins are:")
Color.purple
}

Section {
Text("Summary")
.font(.title)
Text("Pretty much what you see here is what you get.")
}
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 106
 Form

Section Headers and Footers

struct Form_HeadersAndFooters : View {
var body: some View {
Form {
Section(header: Text("Section Header Text")) {
Text("You can add any view in a section header")
Text("Notice the default foreground color is gray")
}
Section(header: SectionTextAndImage(name: "People", image:
"person.2.square.stack.fill")) {
Text("Here's an example of a section header with image and text")
}
Section(header: Text(""), footer: Text("Total: $5,600.00").bold()) {
Text("Here is an example of a section footer")
}
}
}
}

struct SectionTextAndImage: View {

var name: String
var image: String
var body: some View {
HStack {
Image(systemName: image).padding(.trailing)
Text(name)
}
.padding()
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(Color.purple)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 107
 Form

List Row Background

struct Form_ListRowBackground : View {
var body: some View {
Form {
Section(header: Text("Form").font(.largeTitle)) {
Text("List Row Background")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Forms and Lists allow you to set a background view with a function called
\"listRowBackground(view:)\".")
.fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)
// Using fixedSize is another way to get text not to truncate.
// See chapter on "Layout Modifiers" in full book.

Text("You can call this modifier function on just one row, like this.")
.listRowBackground(Color.purple)
.foregroundColor(.white)
}

Section(header: Text("Whole Section")

.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)) {
Text("Or you can set a view or color for a whole section.")

Image(systemName: "smiley.fill")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .center)
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Note, even though the color is set on the Section, the color of the
section header is not affected.")
.fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)
}
.foregroundColor(.white)
.listRowBackground(Color.purple)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 108
 Form

Background Images
Form {
Section(header: Text("Form")
.font(.largeTitle).bold()
.foregroundColor(.white)) {
Text("List Row Background")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Images work a little differently as you can see here.")
Text("The image is actually set on a row on the second section.")
}

Section(header: Text("Images")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.white)) {
Text("An image is set as a background for the row below. This works fine for rows,
but when you use an image on the section level, it is repeated for all rows.")
Text("The image is set on THIS row, but it extends past the bounds. It also hides
the row below this one and goes under the previous rows.")
.foregroundColor(.white)
.foregroundColor(.white)
.listRowBackground(Image("water")
.clipped()
.blur(radius: 3))
Text("This row cannot be seen.")
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 109
 Form

List Row Inset

struct Form_ListRowInset : View {
var body: some View {
Form {
Section(header: Text("Form").font(.largeTitle)) {
Text("List Row Inset")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Using this color, you can see where the default margins are:")
Color.purple
Text("You can use the List Row Inset modifier to adjust the margins:")
Color.purple
.listRowInsets(EdgeInsets(top: 0, leading: 0, bottom: 0, trailing: 0))
}
Section(header: Text("Row Inset Uses")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)) {
Text("Other possible uses could be for indenting")
Text("Indent Level 1")
.listRowInsets(EdgeInsets(top: 0, leading: 40, bottom: 0, trailing: 0))
Text("Indent Level 2")
.listRowInsets(EdgeInsets(top: 0, leading: 80, bottom: 0, trailing: 0))
Text("Or Vertical Alignment")
Text("Top")
.listRowInsets(EdgeInsets(top: -20, leading: 40, bottom: 0, trailing:
0))
Text("Bottom")
.listRowInsets(EdgeInsets(top: 20, leading: 40, bottom: 0, trailing: 0))
}
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 110
 Form

With Controls
struct Form_WithControls : View {
@State private var isOn = true
@State private var textFieldData = "This is a text field"

var body: some View {

Form {
Section(header: SectionHeader(name: "Controls in a Form")) {
Text("This will give you an idea of how different controls are rendered in a
Form.")
}

Section {
Button(action: {}) { Text("Button") }
Toggle(isOn: $isOn) { Text("Toggle") }
Stepper(onIncrement: {}, onDecrement: {}) { Text("Stepper") }
TextField("", text: $textFieldData)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
Image(systemName: "leaf.arrow.circlepath").font(.title)
Circle()
Text("Notice shapes are centered ☝ ")
TextField("", text: $textFieldData)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
}
}
}
}

struct SectionHeader: View {

var name: String

var body: some View {

Text(name)
.font(.largeTitle)
.foregroundColor(Color.gray)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 111
 List

Using a List view is the most efficient way of displaying vertically scrolling data. You can display data in a ScrollView, as you
will see later on, but it will not be as efficient in terms of memory or performance as the List view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 112
 List

With Static Views

struct List_WithStaticData: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("List").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Static Data").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can show static views or data within the List view. It does not have to be
bound with data. It gives you a scrollable view.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.font(.title).padding()
.background(Color.orange)
.layoutPriority(1)
.foregroundColor(.black)

List {
Text("Line One")
Text("Line Two")
Text("Line Three")
Image("profile")
Button("Click Here", action: {})
.foregroundColor(.green)
HStack {
Spacer()
Text("Centered Text")
Spacer()
}.padding()
}
.font(.title)
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 113
 List

With Data
struct List_WithData : View {
var stringArray = ["This is the simplest List", "Evans", "Lemuel James Guerrero", "Mark",
"Durtschi", "Chase", "Adam", "Rodrigo", "Notice the automatic wrapping when the content is
larger"]

var body: some View {

List(stringArray, id: \.self) { string in
Text(string)
}
.font(.largeTitle) // Apply this font style to all items in the list
}
}

What is that .id parameter?

You use this parameter to tell the List how it can uniquely identify each row by which value. The List
needs to know this so it can compare rows by this value to perform different operations like reordering
and deleting rows for us.

In this scenario, we are using “self” to say, “Just use the value of the string itself to uniquely identify each
row.”

www.bigmountainstudio.com 114
 List

Grouped List Style

var data = ["Grouped List Style", "This list is using the group list style", "Evans", "Lemuel
James Guerrero", "Mark", "Durtschi", "Chase", "Adam", "Rodrigo"]

var body: some View {

List(data, id: \.self) { datum in
HStack {
Text(datum)
.font(datum == "Grouped List Style"
? Font.largeTitle : Font.body)

Spacer()

Image(systemName: datum == "Mark"

? "circle.fill" : "circle")
.foregroundColor(Color.green)
}
}
// Change the List Style to Grouped
.listStyle(GroupedListStyle())
}

Notice that with the grouped list style that the rows don’t continue past the last one.

One more thing to note is that inside the List you see an HStack used for the row. This is optional. By
default, the list will implicitly use an HStack for the row if one is not specified.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 115
 List

Custom Rows
struct List_CustomRows : View {
var data = ["Custom Rows!", "Evans", "Lemuel James Guerrero", "Mark", "Durtschi", "Chase",
"Adam", "Rodrigo"]

var body: some View {

List(data, id: \.self) { datum in
CustomRow(content: datum)
}
}
}

struct CustomRow: View {

var content: String

var body: some View {

HStack {
Image(systemName: "person.circle.fill")
Text(content)
Spacer()
}
.foregroundColor(content == "Custom Rows!" ? Color.green : Color.primary)
.font(.title)
.padding([.top, .bottom])
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 116
 List

Delete Rows
struct List_Delete : View {
@State var data = ["Swipe to Delete", "Practice Coding", "Grocery shopping", "Get tickets",
"Clean house", "Do laundry", "Cook dinner", "Paint room"]

var body: some View {

List {
Section(header: Text("To Do").padding()) {
ForEach(data, id: \.self) { datum in
Text(datum).font(Font.system(size: 24)).padding()
}
.onDelete(perform: delete) // Enables swipe to delete
}
}
}

func delete(at indexes: IndexSet) {

if let first = indexes.first {
data.remove(at: first)
}
}
}

onDelete, onMove, onInsert

These three functions only work on views that implement the DynamicViewContent protocol. Currently,
the only view that conforms to the DynamicViewContent protocol is the ForEach view. So these
functions are only available on a ForEach view, not a List view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 117
 List

Move Rows
struct List_MoveRow : View {
@State var data = ["Hit the Edit button to reorder", "Practice Coding", "Grocery shopping",
"Get tickets", "Clean house", "Do laundry", "Cook dinner", "Paint room"]

var body: some View {

NavigationView {
List {
ForEach(data, id: \.self) { datum in
Text(datum).font(Font.system(size: 24)).padding()
}
.onMove(perform: moveRow)
}
.navigationBarTitle(Text("To Do"))
.navigationBarItems(trailing: EditButton()) // Add button to Nav bar
}.accentColor(.green) // Changes color of buttons
}

func moveRow(from indexes: IndexSet, to destination: Int) {

if let first = indexes.first {
data.insert(data.remove(at: first), at: destination)
}
}
}

What is EditButton()?
This is a built-in function that returns a view (Button) that will automatically toggle edit mode on the List.
Its text says “Edit” and then when tapped you will see the move handles appear on the rows and the
button text says “Done”.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 118
 List

List Row Background

struct Todo: Identifiable {
let id = UUID()
var action = ""
var due = ""
var isIndented = false
}

struct List_ListRowBackground : View {

@State private var newToDo = ""

@State var data = [

Todo(action: "Practice Coding", due: "Today"),
Todo(action: "Grocery shopping", due: "Today"),
Todo(action: "Get tickets", due: "Tomorrow"),
Todo(action: "Clean house", due: "Next Week"),
Todo(action: "Do laundry", due: "Next Week"),
Todo(action: "Cook dinner", due: "Next Week"),
Todo(action: "Paint room", due: "Next Week")
]

var body: some View {

List {
Section(header:
VStack {
Text("To Do").font(.title)
HStack {
TextField("new todo", text: $newToDo)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
Button(action: {
self.data.append(Todo(action: self.newToDo))
self.newToDo = ""

www.bigmountainstudio.com 119
 List

List Row Background Continued

}) {
Image(systemName: "plus.circle.fill").font(.title)
}
}
}
.padding(
EdgeInsets(top: 50, leading: 16, bottom: 16, trailing: 16))
) {
ForEach(data) { datum in
Text(datum.action)
.font(Font.system(size: 24))
.foregroundColor(self.getTextColor(due: datum.due))
// Turn row green if due today
.listRowBackground(datum.due == "Today" ? Color.green : Color.clear)
.padding()
}
Notice the .listRowBackground function is on the view inside the ForEach. You want to call this function
}
}.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.vertical) on whatever view will be inside the row, not on the List itself.
}

// This logic was inline but the compiler said it was "too complex" 🤷
func getTextColor(due: String) -> Color {
due == "Today" ? Color.black : Color.primary
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 120
 List

List Row Inset

struct List_ListRowInsets : View {
@State private var newToDo = ""

@State var data = [

Todo(action: "Practice using List Row Insets", due: "Today"),
Todo(action: "Grocery shopping", due: "Today"),
Todo(action: "Vegetables", due: "Today", isIndented: true),
Todo(action: "Spices", due: "Today", isIndented: true),
Todo(action: "Cook dinner", due: "Next Week"),
Todo(action: "Paint room", due: "Next Week")
]

var body: some View {

GeometryReader { gr in
List {
Section(header:
VStack {
Text("To Do")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.white)
HStack {
TextField("new todo", text: self.$newToDo)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
Button(action: {
self.data.append(Todo(action: self.newToDo))
self.newToDo = ""
}) {
Image(systemName: "plus.circle.fill")
.font(.title)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 121
 List

List Row Inset Continued

.foregroundColor(.white)
}
}
}
.padding(EdgeInsets(top: 50, leading: 26, bottom: 16, trailing: 16))
.background(Color.green)
.frame(width: gr.size.width)
) {
ForEach(self.data) { datum in
Text(datum.action)
.font(.title)
.padding()
// Inset row based on data
.listRowInsets(EdgeInsets(top: 0,
leading: datum.isIndented ? 60 : 20,
bottom: 0, trailing: 0))
}
}
}.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.vertical)
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 122
 List

Headers and Footers

struct List_HeadersAndFooters : View {
var data = ["Evans", "Lemuel James Guerrero", "Mark", "Durtschi", "Chase", "Rodrigo"]
var body: some View {
List {
Section(header: Header(), footer: Text("7 People on Staff")) {
// ForEach will handle the row creation within the section
ForEach(data, id: \.self) { datum in
NameRow(content: datum)
}
}
}.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.top)
}
}
// The views used for the header and footer
struct Header: View {
var body: some View {
Image("mountains")
.overlay(Text("STAFF")
.font(Font.system(size: 120, design: Font.Design.serif))
.foregroundColor(.green))
}
}
struct NameRow: View {
var content: String
var body: some View {
HStack {
Image("PineTree").foregroundColor(Color.green)
Text(content)
Spacer()
}.padding()
}
}

In order to set a foregroundColor on an image (“Pinetree”), that

image has to be set to render as a template image.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 123
 NavigationView

The NavigationView is a little different in that it will fill the whole screen when used. You will never have to specify its size.
But there are some ways you can customize it which you will see in the following pages.

This is a push-out view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 124
 NavigationView

Introduction
NavigationView {
ZStack {
Color("Theme3BackgroundColor")
VStack(spacing: 25) {
Image(systemName: "globe")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("NavigationView")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Having a NavigationView will show nothing unless you also include a

navigationBarTitle modifier.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color("Theme3ForegroundColor"))
.foregroundColor(Color("Theme3BackgroundColor"))
.layoutPriority(1)

Spacer()
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.top, 25)
}
// This creates a title in your nav bar
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Navigation Views"))
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom)
}

The navigationBarTitle goes INSIDE the NavigationView, not on it. Notice the default style of the title is large.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 125
 NavigationView

Display Mode
NavigationView {
ZStack {
Color("Theme3BackgroundColor")
VStack(spacing: 25) {
Image(systemName: "globe")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("NavigationView")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Display Mode")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("When you create a navigation bar title, you can specify if you want it large
or small (inline) or just automatic.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color("Theme3ForegroundColor"))
.foregroundColor(Color("Theme3BackgroundColor"))
.layoutPriority(1)

Spacer()
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.top, 25)
}
// Use .inline for the smaller nav bar
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Navigation Views"), displayMode: .inline)
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 126
 NavigationView

NavigationBarHidden
struct Navigation_BarHidden: View {
@State private var isHidden = true

var body: some View {

NavigationView {
ZStack {
Color("Theme3BackgroundColor")
VStack(spacing: 25) {
Image(systemName: "globe").font(.largeTitle)
Text("NavigationView").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Navigation Bar Hidden")
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("NavBarHidden")
Text("If you don't want to show a navigation bar, you can use the
navigationBarHidden modifier to hide it.")
...
Toggle("Hide Nav Bar", isOn: $isHidden)
.padding()

Spacer()
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.top, 70)
}
// For some reason, you have to have a bar title for the hidden modifier to work.
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Navigation Views"))
// Hide when the Toggle is on
.navigationBarHidden(isHidden)
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom) Notice the navigationBarHidden modifier is INSIDE
}
} the NavigationView. Also notice that at this time,
} you have to supply a navigationBarTitle for the nav
bar to hide.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 127
 NavigationView

NavigationBarItems
NavigationView {
VStack(spacing: 25) {
Image(systemName: "globe").font(.largeTitle)
Text("NavigationView")
Text("Navigation Bar Items").foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("NavBarItems")
Text("You can add navigation bar buttons to the leading or trailing (or both) sides of a
navigation bar.")
...
Text("Use the accentColor modifier on the navigation bar items to change them from the
default accent color.")
...
Spacer()
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.top, 25)
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Navigation Bar Items"),
displayMode: .inline)
// Add some bar items to the nav bar
.navigationBarItems(
// Button on the leading side
leading:
Button(action: { }) {
Image(systemName: "bell.fill")
}.accentColor(.pink)
// Button on the trailing side
, trailing:
Button("Actions", action: { })
.accentColor(.pink)
)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 128
 NavigationView

NavigationBarBackButtonHidden

You can hide the back button in

the navigation bar for views by
using a modifier.

This is good in scenarios where you

supply another button to navigate
the user back or you want to supply
your own custom back button (see
next example for custom back
button).

www.bigmountainstudio.com 129
 NavigationView

NavigationBarBackButtonHidden - Code
// First Screen
struct Navigation_BackButtonHidden: View {
var body: some View {
NavigationView {
ZStack {
Color("Theme3BackgroundColor")
VStack(spacing: 25) {
Image(systemName: "globe").font(.largeTitle)
Text("NavigationView").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Back Button Hidden").foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("NavBarBackButtonHidden")
Use NavigationLink to navigate
NavigationLink("Go To Detail”, destination: BackButtonHiddenDetail())
Spacer()
to a new screen.
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.top, 70)
}
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Navigation Views"))
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom)
}
}
}

// Second Screen
struct BackButtonHiddenDetail: View { This will allow you
@Environment(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode to navigate
backward.
var body: some View {
ZStack {

www.bigmountainstudio.com 130
 NavigationView

NavigationBarBackButtonHidden - Code
Color("Theme3BackgroundColor")
VStack(spacing: 25) {
Image(systemName: "globe").font(.largeTitle)
Text("NavigationView").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Back Button Hidden").foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("NavBarBackButtonHidden")
Text("This nav bar has no back button because it was hidden on this view.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color("Theme3ForegroundColor"))
.foregroundColor(Color("Theme3BackgroundColor"))
.layoutPriority(1)

Button("Go Back") {
self.presentationMode.wrappedValue.dismiss()
}
Dismissing what is being presented will
Spacer()
}
navigate you back to the previous view.
.font(.title)
.padding(.top, 50)
}
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Detail View"), displayMode: .inline)
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom)
// Hide the back button
.navigationBarBackButtonHidden(true)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 131
 NavigationView

Custom Back Button

struct Navigation_CustomBackButton_Detail: View {
@Environment(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode

var body: some View {

ZStack {
Color("Theme3BackgroundColor")
VStack(spacing: 25) {
...
Text("Hide the system back button and then use the navigation bar items modifier
to add your own.")
...
Spacer()
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.top, 50)
}
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Detail View"), displayMode: .inline)
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom)
// Hide the system back button
.navigationBarBackButtonHidden(true)
// Add your custom back button here
.navigationBarItems(leading:
Button(action: {
self.presentationMode.wrappedValue.dismiss()
}) {
HStack { Custom back
Image(systemName: "arrow.left.circle") button
Text("Go Back")
}
})
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 132
 NavigationView

List In NavigationView with NavigationLink

struct Navigation_WithList: View {
@State var data = ["Milk", "Bread", "Tomatoes", "Lettuce", "Onions", "Rice", "Limes",
"Butter"]

var body: some View {

NavigationView {
List(data, id: \.self) { datum in
NavigationLink(destination: ShoppingDetail(shoppingItem: datum)) {
Text(datum).font(Font.system(size: 24)).padding()
}
}
.listStyle(GroupedListStyle())
.navigationBarTitle("Shopping")
.navigationBarItems(trailing:
Button("Add", action: {
self.data.append("New Shopping Item") Navigate to
}))
} detail view
}
}

struct ShoppingDetail: View {

var shoppingItem: String!

var body: some View {

VStack {
Text("Shopping List Details").font(.title)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color("Theme3ForegroundColor"))
.foregroundColor(Color("Theme3BackgroundColor"))
Spacer()
Text(shoppingItem).font(.title)
Spacer()
}.navigationBarTitle(shoppingItem)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 133
 NavigationView

List Navigation with No NavigationView

struct Navigation_WithListNoNavBar: View {
@State var books = ["The Way of Kings", "Words of Radiance", "Oathbringer"]

var body: some View {

NavigationView {
List {
Section(header: Text("Brandon Sanderson Books").font(.title)) {
ForEach(books, id: \.self) { book in
NavigationLink(destination: BookDetail(bookItem: book)) {
Text(book).font(Font.system(size: 24)).padding()
}
}
}
}
.listStyle(GroupedListStyle())
.navigationBarTitle("Book List") // Your back button text
.navigationBarHidden(true)
}
}
} Now this just looks like a regular list
struct BookDetail: View { view but has navigation on the rows.
var bookItem: String!

var body: some View {

VStack {
Text("Book Details").font(.title)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color("Theme3ForegroundColor"))
.foregroundColor(Color("Theme3BackgroundColor"))
Spacer()
Text(bookItem).font(.title)
Spacer()
}.navigationBarTitle(bookItem)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 134
 NavigationView

List Navigation with No NavigationView & No Back Button

The first view will be exactly the same as the previous page. The detail view will be different though:

struct BookDetail_NoBack: View {

@Environment(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode
This will allow you
var bookItem: String! to navigate
backward.
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("Book Details").font(.title)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color("Theme3ForegroundColor"))
.foregroundColor(Color("Theme3BackgroundColor"))
Spacer()
Text(bookItem).font(.title)
Spacer()
Button(action: {
self.presentationMode.wrappedValue.dismiss()
}) {
HStack {
Image(systemName: "arrow.left.circle")
Text("Go Back")
}
}
Spacer()
}
.navigationBarTitle(bookItem)
.navigationBarHidden(true)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 135
 Picker

To get or set a value for the Picker, you need to bind it to a variable. This variable is then passed into the Picker’s initializer.
Then, all you need to do is change this bound variable’s value to select the row you want to show in the Picker. Or read the
bound variable’s value to see which row is currently selected. One thing to note is that this variable is actually bound to the
Picker row’s tag property which you will see in the following pages.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 136
 Picker

Introduction
struct Picker_Intro : View {
@State private var favoriteState = 1
@State private var yourName = "Mark"
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Picker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("You associate a variable with the picker rows' tag values")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding().font(.title)
.background(Color("AccentColorDark"))
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
Picker(selection: $favoriteState, label: Text("States")) {
Text("California").tag(0)
Text("Utah").tag(1)
Text("Vermont").tag(2)
}.padding(.horizontal)

Text("Tag values can be String, Int or Bool.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding().font(.title)
.background(Color("AccentColorDark"))
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
Picker(selection: $yourName, label: Text("Your name")) {
Text("Paul").tag("Paul")
Text("Chris").tag("Chris")
Text("Mark").tag("Mark")
Text("Scott").tag("Scott")
Text("Meng").tag("Meng")
}.padding(.horizontal)
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 137
 Picker

Customized
struct Picker_Customized : View {
@State private var favoriteState = 1
@State private var youTuberName = "Mark"
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 30) {
Text("Picker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("With Modifiers").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Your Favorite State:")
Picker(selection: $favoriteState, label: Text("")) {
Text("California").tag(0)
Text("Utah").tag(1)
Text("Vermont").tag(2)
}
.foregroundColor(Color.white).padding(.horizontal)
.background(Color("AccentColorDark"))
.cornerRadius(15)
.shadow(radius: 5)
Text("Who do you want to watch today?")
Picker(selection: $youTuberName, label: Text("")) {
Text("Paul").tag("Paul")
Text("Chris").tag("Chris")
Text("Mark").tag("Mark")
Text("Scott").tag("Scott")
Text("Meng").tag("Meng")
}
.padding(.horizontal)
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 15)
.stroke(Color.blue, lineWidth: 1))
}
.labelsHidden() // Show no labels on pickers
.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 138
 Picker

Rows with Images

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Picker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Rows with Images").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Who do you want to watch today?")
.padding(.top)

Picker(selection: $youTuberName, label: Text("")) {

Row(name: "Sean")
Row(name: "Chris")
Row(name: "Mark")
Row(name: "Scott")
Row(name: "Paul")
}
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding(.horizontal)
.background(Color("AccentColorDark"))
.cornerRadius(15)
.shadow(radius: 20)
.labelsHidden()
}

fileprivate struct Row : View {

var name: String
var body: some View {
return HStack {
Image(systemName: "person.fill")
.padding(.trailing)
.foregroundColor(Color.red)
Text(name)
}
.tag(name)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 139
 Picker

Binding Rows to Data

@State private var youTuberName = "Mark"
var youTubers = ["Sean", "Chris", "Mark", "Scott", "Paul"]
...
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Picker").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Binding to Data").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Use a ForEach with your Picker view to populate it with data.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color("AccentColorDark"))
.foregroundColor(Color.white)

Text("Who do you want to watch today?")

.padding(.bottom, 0)

Picker(selection: $youTuberName, label: Text("")) {

ForEach(youTubers, id: \.self) { name in
Row(name: name)
}
}
.labelsHidden()
}.font(.title)

struct Row : View {

var name: String
var body: some View {
HStack {
Image(systemName: "person.fill")
Text(name)
}.tag(name)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 140
 ScrollView

A ScrollView is like a container for child views. When the child views within the ScrollView go outside the frame, the user can
scroll to bring the child views that are outside the frame into view.

A ScrollView is a push-out view in the scroll direction you specify. You can set the direction of a ScrollView to be vertical or
horizontal.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 141
 ScrollView

Introduction
@State private var names = ["Scott", "Mark", "Chris", "Sean", "Rod", "Meng", "Natasha", "Chase",
"Evans", "Paul", "Durtschi", "Max"]
...
NavigationView {
GeometryReader { gr in
ScrollView {
ForEach(self.names, id: \.self) { name in
NavigationLink(destination: DetailView(name: name)) {
HStack {
Text(name).foregroundColor(.primary)
Image(systemName: "checkmark.seal.fill")
.foregroundColor(.green)
Spacer()
Image(systemName: "chevron.right.circle.fill")
}
.font(.system(size: 24, design: .rounded))
.padding().background(Color.white)
.cornerRadius(8)
.shadow(radius: 1, y: 1)
}
} // Set the width on the ForEach (it's a View)
.frame(width: gr.size.width - 32)
.accentColor(Color.pink)
.padding()
}
.navigationBarTitle(Text("Cool People"))
}
}

A Scrollview with a ForEach view is similar to a List. But be warned, the rows are not reusable. It is best to limit
the number of rows for memory and performance considerations.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 142
 ScrollView

Scroll Horizontally
struct Scrollview_Horizontal : View {
var items = [Color.green, Color.blue, Color.purple, Color.pink,
Color.yellow, Color.orange]

var body: some View {

GeometryReader { gr in
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("ScrollView")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Scroll Horizontally")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Just set the ScrollView's axis to horizontal and if the contents go
horizontally beyond the frame, scrolling will be enabled.")
...
ScrollView(Axis.Set.horizontal, showsIndicators: true) {
HStack {
ForEach(self.items, id: \.self) { item in
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 15)
.fill(item)
.frame(width: gr.size.width - 60,
height: 200)
}
}
}
.padding(.horizontal)
Spacer()
}
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 143
 SecureField

In order to get or set the text in a SecureField, you need to bind it to a variable. This variable is passed into the SecureField’s
initializer. Then, all you need to do is change this bound variable’s text to change what is in the SecureField. Or read the
bound variable’s value to see what text is currently in the SecureField.

This is a pull-in control.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 144
 SecureField

Introduction
@State private var userName = ""
@State private var password = ""
...
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Image("Logo")
.padding(.bottom, 150)

Text("SecureField")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Introduction")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("SecureFields, like TextFields, need to bind to a local variable.")

...

TextField("user name", text: $userName)

.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding()

SecureField("password", text: $password)

.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding()

Spacer()
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 145
 SecureField

Customizations
@State private var userName = ""
@State private var password = ""

...

Text("Use a ZStack to put a RoundedRectangle behind a SecureField with a plain textfieldStyle.")

...

ZStack{
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
.foregroundColor(.purple)
TextField("user name", text: $userName)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding(.horizontal)
}
.frame(height: 40)
.padding(.horizontal)

Text("Or overlay the SecureField on top of another view or shape.")

...

RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
.foregroundColor(.purple)
.overlay(
SecureField("password", text: $password)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.padding(.horizontal)
)
.frame(height: 40)
.padding(.horizontal)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 146
 SecureField

Customization Layers
@State private var userName = ""
@State private var password = ""
...
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("SecureField")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Customization Layers")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can also add a background to the SecureField. It's all the same idea: adjust the
layers.")
...

SecureField("password", text: $password)

.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.frame(height: 40)
.padding(.horizontal)
.background(
Capsule()
.foregroundColor(.purple)
)
.padding(.horizontal)

Image("SecureFieldLayers")

Text("The highlighted layer in that image is the actual text field layer of the view.")
.font(.title)
.padding(.horizontal)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 147
 Segmented Control (Picker)

Segmented controls are now Picker controls with a different picker style set. In order to get or set the selected segment, you
need to bind it to a variable. This variable is passed into the segmented control’s (Picker’s) initializer. Then, all you need to
do is change this bound variable’s value to change the selected segment. Or read the bound variable’s value to see which
segment is currently selected.

This is a pull-in view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 148
 Segmented Control (Picker)

Introduction
@State private var dayNight = "day"
@State private var tab = 1

...

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Segmented Control (Picker)").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Associate the segmented control with an @State variable that will control which
segment is selected. The state variable will match each segment's tag value.")
...

Picker("", selection: $dayNight) {

Text("Day").tag("day")
Text("Night").tag("night")
}
.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
.padding()

Text("With Images:")

Picker("", selection: $tab) {

Image(systemName: "sun.min").tag(0)
Image(systemName: "moon").tag(1)
}
.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
.padding()
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 149
 Segmented Control (Picker)

No Segment Selected
@State private var selection = 0

...

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Segmented Control (Picker)").font(.largeTitle)
Text("No Segment Selected")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("This segmented control will have nothing selected because the default state variable
does not match any of the segment tag values.")
...

Text("How many meals do you eat?")

.foregroundColor(.gray)
.font(.title)

Picker("", selection: $selection) {

Text("One").tag(1)
Text("Two").tag(2)
Text("Three").tag(3)
Text("More").tag(4)
}
.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
.stroke(Color.red, lineWidth: selection == 0 ? 1 : 0))
.padding()

Text("The red outline will go away once a selection is made.")

...
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 150
 Segmented Control (Picker)

Colors
@State private var selection = 2
...
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Segmented Control (Picker)").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Colors")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can change the color of segmented controls by using the background modifier.")
...

Text("When you add a color, notice the corners:")

Picker("", selection: $selection) {
Text("One").tag(1)
Text("Two").tag(2)
Text("Three").tag(3)
}
.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
.background(Color.pink)
.padding(.horizontal)

Text("Adding a corner radius should handle it:")

Picker("", selection: $selection) {
Text("One").tag(1)
Text(“Two").tag(2)
Text("Three").tag(3)
}
.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle()) In this example you see a color and corner
.background(Color.pink)
radius used for the background. Can you think
.cornerRadius(8)
.padding(.horizontal) of another way to accomplish the same thing?
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 151
 Slider
When using a Slider view, the default range of values is 0.0 to 1.0. You bind the Slider to a state variable, usually a number
type, like an Int. But it doesn’t have to be a number type. It can be any type that conforms to the Stridable protocol. (“Stride”
means to “take steps in a direction; usually long steps”.) A type that conforms to Stridable (such as an Int) means it has
values that are continuous and can be stepped through and measured. (“Step through”, “Stride”, I think you see the
connection now.)

You use the bound variable to set or get the value the Slider’s thumb (circle) is currently at.

This is a pull-in view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 152
 Slider

Introduction
struct Slider_Intro : View {
@State private var sliderValue = 0.5 Value used for the slider.

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 40) {
Text("Slider").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Associate the Slider with an @State variable that will control where the thumb
(circle) will be on the slider's track.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.orange).foregroundColor(Color.black)

Text("Default min value is 0.0 and max value is 1.0")

Slider(value: $sliderValue) Set the state variable in the slider’s

.padding(.horizontal)
initializer.

Text("Value is: ") +

Text(“\(sliderValue)").foregroundColor(.orange)

}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 153
 Slider

Range of Values (Minimum & Maximum)

struct Slider_RangeOfValues: View {
@State private var age = 18.0

let ageFormatter: NumberFormatter = {

let numFormatter = NumberFormatter() Format the slider value into a
numFormatter.numberStyle = .spellOut
spelled-out number.
return numFormatter
}()

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 40) {
Text("Slider").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Range of Values").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can also set your own min and max values.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.orange).foregroundColor(Color.black)

Text("What is your age?")

Provide a range here.

Slider(value: $age, in: 1...100, step: 1)

.padding(.horizontal) The step parameter defines the
increment from one value to the next.
Text("Age is: ") +
Text("\(ageFormatter.string(from: NSNumber(value: age))!)")
.foregroundColor(.orange)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 154
 Slider

Customization
@State private var sliderValue = 0.5
...
Text("At the time of this writing, there isn't a way to color the thumb. But we can change the
background color and apply some other modifiers.")
...
Slider(value: $sliderValue)
.padding(.horizontal, 10)
.background(Color.orange)
.cornerRadius(.infinity) // Rounded ends
.shadow(color: .gray, radius: 2)
.padding(.horizontal)

Text("Use the accentColor modifier to change the color of the track.")

...

Slider(value: $sliderValue)
.padding(.horizontal)
.accentColor(.orange)

Text("Using shapes and outlines.")

...

Slider(value: $sliderValue)
.padding(10)
.background(Capsule().stroke(Color.orange, lineWidth: 2))
.padding(.horizontal)

Slider(value: $sliderValue)
.padding(10)
.background(Capsule().fill(Color.orange))
.accentColor(.black)
.padding(.horizontal)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 155
 Slider

With Images
Text("Combine the slider with images in an HStack, VStack or both!")
...

HStack {
Image(systemName: "tortoise")
Slider(value: $sliderValue)
Image(systemName: "hare")
}.foregroundColor(.green).padding()

HStack {
Image(systemName: "speaker.fill")
Slider(value: $sliderValue)
Image(systemName: "speaker.3.fill")
}
.foregroundColor(.accentColor)
.padding()

VStack {
Slider(value: $sliderValue)
.accentColor(.orange)
HStack {
Image(systemName: "circle")
Spacer()
Image(systemName: "circle.righthalf.fill")
Spacer()
Image(systemName: "circle.fill")
}
.foregroundColor(.orange)
.padding(.top, 8)
}.padding()

www.bigmountainstudio.com 156
 Stepper

When using a Stepper view, you bind it to a state variable, usually a number. But it doesn’t have to be a number type. It can
be any type that conforms to the Stridable protocol. (“Stride” means to “take steps in a direction; usually long steps”.) A type
that conforms to Stridable means it has values that are continuous and can be stepped through and measured. (“Step
through”, “Stride”, I think you see the connection now.)
You use the bound variable to set or get the value it is currently at.
This is a horizontal push-out view. Vertically it is pull-in.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 157
 Stepper

Introduction
@State private var stepperValue = 1
@State private var values = [0, 1]
...
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Stepper")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("The Stepper can be bound to a variable like this:")
...

Stepper(value: $stepperValue) {
Text("Bound Stepper: \(stepperValue)")
}.padding(.horizontal)
Divider()
Image(systemName: "bolt.fill")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.yellow)
Text("Or you can run code on the increment and decrement events:")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.blue).foregroundColor(Color.white)
.font(.title)
Stepper(onIncrement: {self.values.append(self.values.count)},
onDecrement: {self.values.removeLast()}) {
Text("onIncrement and onDecrement")
}.padding(.horizontal)
HStack {
ForEach(values, id: \.self) { value in
Image(systemName: "\(value).circle.fill")
}
}.font(.title).foregroundColor(.green)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 158
 Stepper

Label Options
struct Stepper_LabelsHidden: View {
@State private var stepperValue = 1

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Stepper").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Label Options").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can declare a stepper with just a string value for the label.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.blue).foregroundColor(Color.white)
Stepper("What is your age?", value: $stepperValue)
.padding(.horizontal)
Text("You can omit a label too. Notice how the stepper view still pushes out
horizontally.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.blue).foregroundColor(Color.white)
Stepper("", value: $stepperValue)
.padding(.horizontal)
Text("If you hide the label then no space will be reserved for it.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.blue).foregroundColor(Color.white)
Stepper("What is your age?", value: $stepperValue)
.padding(.horizontal)
.labelsHidden()
}.font(.title)
}
}

Note: Even though the label/title is not shown, I would still recommend having one because it will still be used
for accessibility purposes.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 159
 Stepper

Range
@State private var stars = 0

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Stepper")
.font(.largeTitle)
.padding()
Text("Range of Values")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You can set a range for the stepper too. In this example, the range is between one and
five.")
...

Stepper(value: $stars, in: 1...5) {

Text("Rating")
}.padding(.horizontal)

HStack {
ForEach(1...stars, id: \.self) { star in
Image(systemName: "star.fill")
}
}
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.yellow)
}

When the Stepper reaches the range limits, the corresponding plus or minus button will appear as disabled. In
this screenshot, notice the plus button is disabled.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 160
 Stepper

Customization
@State private var contrast = 50
...
Text("A foreground and background color can be set.")
...

Stepper(onIncrement: {}, onDecrement: {}) {

Text("Custom Stepper")
.font(.title)
.padding(.vertical)
}
.padding(.horizontal)
.background(Color.blue)
.foregroundColor(.white)

Text("Notice the minus and plus buttons are not affected. The platforms determine how this will
be shown.")
...

Text("You can add images too.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.blue).foregroundColor(Color.white)
.font(.title).layoutPriority(1)

Stepper(value: $contrast, in: 0...100) {

// SwiftUI implicitly uses an HStack here
Image(systemName: "circle.lefthalf.fill")
Text(" \(contrast)/100")
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.horizontal)
.foregroundColor(.blue)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 161
 Stepper

Colors
Text("There is no built-in way to change the color of the stepper that I have found. Instead, I
had to hide the label and apply a color behind it.”)
...

Stepper(value: $contrast, in: 0...100) {

Text("Applying Accent Color (no effect)")
}
.accentColor(.blue)

HStack {
Text("My Custom Colored Stepper")
Spacer()
Stepper("", value: $contrast)
.background(Color(UIColor.systemTeal))
.cornerRadius(9)
.labelsHidden() // Hide the label
}

HStack {
Text("My Custom Colored Stepper")
Spacer()
Stepper("", value: $contrast)
.background(Color.orange)
.cornerRadius(9)
.labelsHidden() // Hide the label
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 162
 TabView

The TabView acts like a container for child views within it. These child views are individual screens. It provides tab buttons
(TabItems) that allows the user to switch between these child views.

This is a push-out view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 163
 TabView

Introduction
TabView {
// First Screen
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TabView")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("The TabView view can hold multiple views, one for each tab.")
...

Text("At the end of a view, you add .tabItem modifier to show a button that allows
navigation to that view.")
...

Image("TabItem")

}.tabItem {
// Creates a tab button in the tab bar
Text("Tab 1")
}

// Second Screen
Text("This view represents the Second Screen.")
.tabItem {
// Creates a tab button in the tab bar
Text("Tab 2")
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 164
 TabView

TabItems
struct TabView_Tabs : View {
var body: some View {
TabView {
TabOne().tabItem {
Text("Tab Text")
}
Text("Phone Calls").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "phone")
}
Text("Outgoing Phone Calls").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "phone.arrow.up.right")
Text("Outgoing")
}
}
}
}

// A View within the TabView

struct TabOne: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TabView")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("TabItems")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("TabItems can accept Text, Image or both. Notice the order of Text and Image
does not matter for the tabItem.")
...
}
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 165
 TabView

Too Many Tabs

TabView {
Text("Call Screen").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "phone")
Text("Call")
}
Text("Outgoing Phone Calls Screen").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "phone.arrow.up.right")
Text("Outgoing")
}
Text("Incoming Phone Calls Screen").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "phone.arrow.down.left")
Text("Incoming")
}
Text("Phone Book Screen").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "book")
Text("Phone Book")
}
Text("History Screen").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "clock")
Text("History")
}
Text("New Phone Number").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "phone.badge.plus")
Text("New")
}
}

When there are too many tabs to fit for the device, the More button is created where you can find the
rest of the tabs listed out.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 166
 TabView

Navigation
@State private var selectedTab = 1 // Set which tab is active
...
// Tell the TabView which variable to listen to for changes
TabView(selection: $selectedTab) {
// Tab 1
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TabView").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Navigation")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Add a unique tag value to each screen (view) you want to programmatically navigate
to. You can then bind a variable to the TabView's selection property and change that variable to
navigate.")
...

Button("Go to Tab 3") {

self.selectedTab = 3
}.font(.title)

}.tabItem {
Image(systemName: "star.fill")
}.tag(1)

// Tab 2
Text("Second Screen")
.tabItem {
Image(systemName: "moon.fill")
}.tag(2)

// Tab 3
Text("Third Screen")
.tabItem {
Image(systemName: "sun.min.fill")
}.tag(3)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 167
 TabView

Colors
TabView {
// Tab 1
ZStack {
Color.blue.colorMultiply(.red).edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.top)
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TabView")
.font(.largeTitle).foregroundColor(.white)
Text("TabItem Colors")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Set the color of the active tab item by setting the accent color for the
TabView.")
...
}
}.tabItem {
Image(systemName: "star.fill")
}
// Tab 2
Text("Second Screen").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "moon.fill")
}.foregroundColor(Color.red)
// Tab 3
Text("Third Screen").tabItem {
Image(systemName: "sun.min.fill")
}
}
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.top)
.accentColor(.yellow)

Notice that I am setting the foreground color of the second tabItem to red. This will have no effect on
the color of the tab item. The background modifier will not work either.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 168
 Text

The text view will probably be one of your most-used views. It has many, if not the most, modifiers available to it.

This is a pull-in view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 169
 Text

Line Limit
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Wrapping")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Image("LineLimit")

Text("The Text view shows read-only text that can be modified in many ways. It wraps
automatically. If you want to limit the text wrapping, add .lineLimit(<number of lines here>).")
...

Text("Here, I am limiting the text to just one line.")

.lineLimit(1)
.font(.title)
.padding(.horizontal)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 170
 Text

Text Styles
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Text Styles")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Image("Font")

Text("You can add a TextStyle to the Text view by calling .font(Font.<Text Style>).")
...

Text("Available Text Styles")

.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Group {
Divider()
Text("Font.largeTitle").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Font.title").font(.title)
Text("Font.headline").font(.headline)
Text("Font.subheadline").font(.subheadline)
Text("Font.body").font(.body)
Text("Font.callout").font(.callout)
Text("Font.caption").font(.caption)
Text("Font.footnote").font(.footnote)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 171
 Text

Weights
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Font Weights")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("FontWeight")
Text("You can apply a variety of font weights to the Text view.")
.padding()
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.background(Color.green)
.foregroundColor(.white)
.font(.title)
.layoutPriority(2)
Group { // Too many views (> 10) in one container
Text("Ultralight")
.fontWeight(.ultraLight)
Text("Thin")
.fontWeight(.thin)
Text("Light")
.fontWeight(.light)
Text("Regular")
.fontWeight(.regular)
Text("Medium")
.fontWeight(.medium)
Text("Semibold")
.fontWeight(.semibold)
Text("Bold")
.fontWeight(.bold)
Text("Heavy")
.fontWeight(.heavy)
Text("Black")
.fontWeight(.black)
}.font(.title)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 172
 Text

Weight & Text Style Combined

return VStack(spacing: 40) {
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Weight & Text Styles")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)
HStack {
Image("FontWeight")
Image(systemName: "plus")
Image("Font")
}

Text("These weights can be combined with Text Styles.")

...

Text("Ultralight - Title")
.fontWeight(.ultraLight)
.font(.title)
Text("Thin - Body")
.fontWeight(.thin)
.font(.body)
Text("Light - Large Title")
.fontWeight(.light)
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Bold - Callout")
.fontWeight(.bold)
.font(.callout)
Text("Black - Title")
.fontWeight(.black)
.font(.title)
}
.edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.bottom)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 173
 Text

Font Design
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Font Design")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("There are 4 font designs now in iOS. Use Font.system to set the font design you
want.")
...

Text("Default font design")

.font(Font.system(size: 36, design: Font.Design.default))

// You can remove the "Font.Design" of the enum

Text("Here is monospaced")
.font(Font.system(size: 36, design: .monospaced))

Text("And there is rounded")

.font(Font.system(size: 36, design: .rounded))

Text("Finally, we have serif!")

.font(Font.system(size: 36, design: .serif))
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 174
 Text

Formatting
@State private var modifierActive = true
...
HStack {
Image("Bold")
Text("Bold").bold()
}
HStack {
Image("Italic")
Text("Italic").italic()
}
HStack {
Image("Strikethrough")
Text("Strikethrough").strikethrough()
}
HStack {
Image("Strikethrough")
Text("Green Strikethrough")
.strikethrough(modifierActive, color: .green)
}
HStack {
Image("ForegroundColor")
Text("Text Color (ForegroundColor)").foregroundColor(.green)
}
HStack {
Image("Underline")
Text("Underline").underline()
}
HStack {
Image("Underline")
Text("Green Underline").underline(modifierActive, color: .green)
}
...
Toggle("Modifiers Active", isOn: $modifierActive)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 175
 Text

Allows Tightening
VStack(spacing: 20) {
...

Image("AllowsTightening")

Text("You might want to tighten up some text that might be too long.")
...

Text("In the example below, the green has .allowTightening(true)")

...

Group {
Text("Allows tightening to allow text to fit in one line.")
.foregroundColor(.red)
.allowsTightening(false)
.padding(.horizontal)
.lineLimit(1)
Text("Allows tightening to allow text to fit in one line.")
.foregroundColor(.green)
.allowsTightening(true)
.padding(.horizontal)
.lineLimit(1)
}.padding(.horizontal)
}

Allows Tightening can be helpful when you see the last word getting truncated. Applying it may not
even fully work depending on just how much space can be tightened. With the default font, I notice I can
get a couple of characters worth of space to tighten up.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 176
 Text

Minimum Scale Factor

Text(".allowsTightening(true) is being used here:")
...

Text("Sometimes you want to shrink text if long")

.allowsTightening(true)
.font(.title)
.lineLimit(1)

Text("Allows tightening is failing here because the text is too long. In this case, you can
apply a minimum scale factor and specify by how much you want to allow the text to shrink.")
...

Image("MinimumScaleFactor")
Text(".minimumScaleFactor(0.5) is being used here:")
...

Text("Sometimes you want to shrink text if long")

.font(.title)
.lineLimit(1)
.minimumScaleFactor(0.5)

Text(".minimumScaleFactor takes a fraction from 0 to 1. For example, 0.3 is 30% of the original
size of the font that it can shrink. If the font size is 100, then it can shrink to 30.")

www.bigmountainstudio.com 177
 Text

Line Spacing
VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("Text").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Line Spacing").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("LineSpacing")

Text("You can use line spacing to add more space between lines of text. This text has no
line spacing applied:")
.font(.title)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
.layoutPriority(1)

Text("SwiftUI offers a Line Spacing modifier for situations where you want to increase the
space between the lines of text on the screen.")
.font(.title)

Text("With Line Spacing of 16:")

.font(.title)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)
.foregroundColor(Color.white)

Text("SwiftUI offers a Line Spacing modifier for situations where you want to increase the
space between the lines of text on the screen.")
.lineSpacing(16.0) // Add spacing between lines
.font(.title)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 178
 Text

Alignment
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Text").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Multiline Text Alignment").foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("MultilineTextAlignment")
Text("By default, text will be centered within the screen. But when it wraps to multiple
lines, it will be leading aligned by default. Use multilineTextAlignment modifier to change
this!")
...

Text(".multilineTextAlignment(.center)")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Color.green)

Text("Have I told you how awesome I think you are?")

.multilineTextAlignment(.center) // Center align
.padding(.horizontal)

Text(".multilineTextAlignment(.trailing)")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Color.green)
.allowsTightening(true) // Prevent truncation

Text("You are SUPER awesome for improving your skills by using this book!")
.multilineTextAlignment(.trailing) // Trailing align
.padding(.horizontal)
}
.font(.title) // Apply this text style to all text views

www.bigmountainstudio.com 179
 Text

Truncation Mode
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Text").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Truncation Mode").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("TruncationMode")
Text("When text gets truncated, you can control where the ellipsis (...) shows.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.foregroundColor(.white).background(Color.green)
.font(.title)
Text("Default: .truncationMode(.tail)")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.foregroundColor(.white).background(Color.green)
.font(.title)
// Text automatically defaults at end
Text("This will be the best day of your life!")
.padding(.horizontal)
.lineLimit(1)
Text(".truncationMode(.middle)")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.foregroundColor(.white).background(Color.green)
Text("This will be the best day of your life!")
.truncationMode(.middle) // Truncate in middle
.padding(.horizontal)
.lineLimit(1)
Text(".truncationMode(.head)")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.foregroundColor(.white).background(Color.green)
Text("This will be the best day of your life!")
.truncationMode(.head) // Truncate at beginning
.padding(.horizontal)
.lineLimit(1)
}
.font(.title)

www.bigmountainstudio.com 180
 Text

Combining Modified Text

Group {
Text("You can ")
+ Text("format").bold()
+ Text (" different parts of your text by using the plus (+) symbol.")
}
...
Group {
Text("Here is another ")
+ Text("example").foregroundColor(.red).underline()
+ Text (" of how you might accomplish this. ")
+ Text("Notice").foregroundColor(.purple).bold()
+ Text (" the use of the Group view to add padding and line limit to all the text ")
+ Text("as a whole.").bold().italic()
}
.font(.title)
.padding(.horizontal)
.layoutPriority(1)

Group {
Text("You can also ").font(.title).fontWeight(.light)
+ Text("combine")
+ Text(" different font weights ").fontWeight(.black)
+ Text("and different text styles!").font(.title).fontWeight(.ultraLight)
}
.padding(.horizontal)

Although you see I’m wrapping my Text views in a Group, it is not required. I only do this so I can apply common
modifiers to everything within the Group. See section on the Group view for more information.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 181
 Text

Baseline Offset
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Baseline Offset")
.font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)

Image("BaselineOffset")

Text("By default, your combined text will be on the same baseline, like this:")
...

Text("100").underline()
+ Text(" SWIFTUI ").font(.largeTitle).fontWeight(.light)
.foregroundColor(.blue).underline()
+ Text ("VIEWS").underline()

Text("But you can offset each text view to create a cooler effect, like this:")
...

Group {
Text("100").bold()
+ Text(" SWIFTUI ")
.font(Font.system(size: 60))
.fontWeight(.ultraLight)
.foregroundColor(.blue)
.baselineOffset(-12) // Negative numbers go down
+ Text ("VIEWS").bold()
}
.layoutPriority(2)
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 182
 Text

Layout Priority
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Layout Priority")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Image("LayoutPriority")

Text("Layout priority controls which view will get truncated last. The higher the priority, the
last it is in line to get truncated.")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.white)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)
.layoutPriority(2) // Highest priority to get the space it needs

Text("This text gets truncated first because it has no priority.")

.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.white)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.pink)

Text("The text view above got truncated because its layout priority is zero (the default). This
text view has a priority of 1. The text view on top has a priority of 2.")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.white)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.green)
.layoutPriority(1) // Next highest priority

www.bigmountainstudio.com 183
 Text

Custom Fonts
Text("Use a font that already exists on the system. If the font name doesn't exist, it goes back
to the default font.")
...
Text("This font doesn't exist")
.font(Font.custom("No Such Font", size: 26))

Text("Existing fonts:")
...

Text("Avenir Next")
.font(Font.custom("Avenir Next", size: 26))

Text("Gill Sans")
.font(Font.custom("Gill Sans", size: 26))

Text("Helvetica Neue")
.font(Font.custom("Helvetica Neue", size: 26))

Text("Adust the weight:")

...

Text("Avenir Next Regular")

.font(Font.custom("Avenir Next Regular", size: 26))

Text("Or change with the weight modifier:")

.foregroundColor(.red)

Text("Avenir Next Regular Weight")

.font(Font.custom("Avenir Next", size: 26).weight(.regular))

www.bigmountainstudio.com 184
 Text

Imported Fonts
struct Text_CustomFont: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("Text")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Imported Fonts")
.font(.title)
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("Use the Font.custom() function to set imported fonts you added to your
project.")
...

Text("Hello, World!")
.font(Font.custom("Nightcall", size: 60))
.padding(.top)
}
}
}

In order for this to work, you have to add the font file to your project and be sure to have the font file
target your project. Then you need to add the font file name to the Info.plist under the “Fonts provided
by application” key:

www.bigmountainstudio.com 185
 TextField

In order to get or set the text in a TextField, you need to bind it to a variable. This variable is passed into the TextField’s
initializer. Then, all you need to do is change this bound variable’s text to change what is in the TextField. Or read the bound
variable’s value to see what text is currently in the TextField.

This is a push-out horizontally view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 186
 TextField

Introduction
struct TextField_Intro : View {
@State private var textFieldData = ""

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Group {
Text("TextField").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Introduction").font(.title).foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("It is required to bind text fields to a variable when using them so you
can get/set the text.").frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.orange)
}
Text("TextFieldStyle")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("By default, TextFields have a plain TextFieldStyle that has no visual content
to be seen.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.orange)
Image(systemName: "arrow.down.circle")
TextField("", text: $textFieldData)
Image(systemName: "arrow.up.circle")
Text("Use .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle()) to show a border.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.orange)
TextField("", text: $textFieldData)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding(.horizontal)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 187
 TextField

Title (Placeholder or Hint Text)

struct TextField_Placeholder : View {
@State private var textFieldData = ""
@State private var username = ""
@State private var password = ""

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TextField")
.font(.largeTitle)

Text("Title Text (Placeholder or Hint)")

.foregroundColor(.gray)

Text("You can supply title text (placeholder/hint text) through the first parameter
to let the user know the purpose of the text field.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.orange)

Group {
TextField("Here is title text", text: $textFieldData)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())

TextField("User name", text: $username)

.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())

TextField("Password", text: $password)

.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
}
.padding(.horizontal)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 188
 TextField

Text Alignment
struct TextField_Alignment: View {
@State private var textFieldData1 = "Leading"
@State private var textFieldData2 = "Center"
@State private var textFieldData3 = "Trailing"

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TextField").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Text Alignment").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("Change the alignment of text within your textfield by using the
multilineTextAlignment modifier.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding()
.background(Color.orange)

Group {
TextField("Leading", text: $textFieldData1)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.multilineTextAlignment(.leading) // Default

TextField("Center", text: $textFieldData2)

.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.multilineTextAlignment(.center)

TextField("Trailing", text: $textFieldData3)

.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.multilineTextAlignment(.trailing)
}
.padding(.horizontal)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 189
 TextField

Text Size and Fonts

struct TextField_FontSize : View {
@State private var textFieldData = ""

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TextField").font(.largeTitle)
Text("With Text Modifiers").foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("Font")
Text("To change the size of the font used within the TextField, you just need to use
the font modifier.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.orange)
Group {
TextField("first name", text: $textFieldData)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())

TextField("first name", text: $textFieldData)

.font(Font.system(size: 36, design: .monospaced))
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())

TextField("first name", text: $textFieldData)

.font(Font.system(size: 20, design: Font.Design.serif))
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
}
.padding(.horizontal)

Text("Notice this also changes the placeholder or hint text in the text field.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.orange)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 190
 TextField

Customizing Colors
struct TextField_Customizing : View {
@State private var textFieldWithText = "With Text"
@State private var textFieldNoText = ""
@State private var withOutline = "With Outline"

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TextField").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Customizing").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("One way to customize TextFields is to add a shape behind one that has no
TextFieldStyle set.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding().background(Color.orange)

TextField("Placeholder Text", text: $textFieldNoText)

.padding(10)
.background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)
.foregroundColor(Color(hue: 0.126, saturation: 0.47, brightness: 0.993)))
.padding()
TextField("Placeholder Text", text: $withOutline)
.padding(10)
.overlay(
// Add the outline
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
.stroke(Color.orange, lineWidth: 2)
)
.padding()

Text("Change text color using the foregroundColor property.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding().background(Color.orange)

TextField("first name", text: $textFieldWithText)

.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.foregroundColor(.orange)
.padding(.horizontal)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 191
 TextField

Custom Placeholder/Hint Text

struct TextField_CustomPlaceholder: View {
@State private var textFieldData = ""

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 40) {
Text("TextField").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Custom Placeholder/Hint Text").foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("There currently is not a way to customize the placeholder text. You can create
your own placeholder text behind the text field.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity).padding().background(Color.orange)

Group {
// First TextField
ZStack(alignment: .leading) {
// Only show custom hint text if there is no text entered
if textFieldData.isEmpty {
Text("Enter name here").bold()
.foregroundColor(Color(.systemGray4))
}
TextField("", text: $textFieldData)
}
.padding(EdgeInsets(top: 4, leading: 10, bottom: 4, trailing: 10))
.overlay(
// Add the outline
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
.stroke(Color.orange, lineWidth: 2))

// Second TextField
ZStack(alignment: .leading) {
if textFieldData.isEmpty {
Text("Email Address").italic()

www.bigmountainstudio.com 192
 TextField

Custom Placeholder/Hint Text Continued

.foregroundColor(.orange)
.opacity(0.4)
}
TextField("", text: $textFieldData)
}
.padding(EdgeInsets(top: 4, leading: 10, bottom: 4, trailing: 10))
.overlay(
RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8)
.stroke(Color.gray, lineWidth: 1))
}.padding(.horizontal)
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 193
 TextField

Custom Composition
@State private var textFieldData = ""
...
VStack {
HStack {
Image(systemName: "magnifyingglass").foregroundColor(.gray)
TextField("first name", text: $textFieldData)
Image(systemName: "slider.horizontal.3")
}
Divider()
}
.padding()

HStack {
Image(systemName: "envelope")
.foregroundColor(.gray).font(.headline)
TextField("email address", text: $textFieldData)
}
.padding()
.overlay(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8).stroke(Color.gray, lineWidth: 1))
.padding()

HStack {
TextField("country", text: $textFieldData)
Button(action: {}) {
Image(systemName: "chevron.right").padding(.horizontal)
}
.accentColor(.orange)
}
.padding()
.overlay(Capsule().stroke(Color.gray, lineWidth: 1))
.padding()

www.bigmountainstudio.com 194
 TextField

Keyboard Type
struct TextField_KeyboardType: View {
@State private var textFieldData = ""

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TextField")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Keyboard Types")
.foregroundColor(.gray)

Image(“KeyboardType")

Text("Control which keyboard is shown with the keyboardType modifier.")

.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.orange)

TextField("Enter Phone Number", text: $textFieldData)

.keyboardType(UIKeyboardType.phonePad) // Show keyboard for phone numbers
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding(.horizontal)

Spacer()
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 195
 TextField

Keyboard Types Available

.default .asciiCapable .asciiCapableNumberPad

.alphabet .decimalPad .emailAddress

www.bigmountainstudio.com 196
 TextField

Keyboard Types Available

.namePhonePad .numberPad .numbersAndPunctuation

.phonePad

www.bigmountainstudio.com 197
 TextField

Disabling Autocorrect abc

struct TextField_Autocorrection: View {

@State private var textFieldData = ""

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 20) {
Text("TextField")
.font(.largeTitle)
Text("Autocorrection")
.foregroundColor(.gray)
Text("You may have noticed that space above some of the keyboard types that offer
autocorrection. You can turn this off with the disableAutocorrection modifier.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.orange)

TextField("Enter Last Name", text: $textFieldData)

.disableAutocorrection(true) // Don't offer suggestions
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding(.horizontal)

TextField("Enter City", text: $textFieldData)

.disableAutocorrection(false) // Offer suggestions
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding(.horizontal)

Spacer()
}.font(.title)
}
}

www.bigmountainstudio.com 198
 TextField

Disable TextFields
struct TextField_Disabled: View {
@State private var lastName = "Moeykens"
@State private var city = "Salt Lake City"
@State private var disabled = false

var body: some View {

VStack(spacing: 10) {
Text("TextField").font(.largeTitle)
Text("Disabled").foregroundColor(.gray)
Image("Disabled")
Text("You may need to conditionally enable/disable text fields. Just use the
disabled modifier.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding()
.background(Color.orange)

Toggle("Keep Info Private", isOn: $disabled)

.padding(.horizontal)

Group {
TextField("Enter Last Name", text: $lastName)
TextField("Enter City", text: $city)
}
.disableAutocorrection(true)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding(.horizontal)
.disabled(disabled) // Don't allow to edit when disabled
.opacity(disabled ? 0.5 : 1) // Fade out when disabled

Spacer()
}.font(.title)
}
}

Note: The disabled modifier applies to ANY VIEW. Not just the TextField view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 199
 Toggle

The Toggle is a switch that can either be on or off. Much like other controls, you need to bind it to a variable. This variable is
passed into the Toggle’s initializer. Then, all you need to do is change this bound variable’s value to change the Toggle’s state
on or off. Or read the bound variable’s value to see what state the Toggle is currently in.

This is a push-out horizontally view.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 200
 Toggle

Introduction
@State private var isToggleOn = true
...
Text("The Toggle fills the width of its parent view.")
...
Toggle("Night Mode", isOn: $isToggleOn)
.padding()

Text("Combine images with text")

...
Toggle(isOn: $isToggleOn) {
Text("Night Mode")
Image(systemName: "moon")
}
.padding()

Text("Or you can have nothing")

...
VStack {
Text("Turn Alarm On?")
.foregroundColor(.white)
Toggle("Turn this alarm on", isOn: $isToggleOn)
.labelsHidden() // Hides the label/title
}
.padding(25)
.background(Color.blue)
.cornerRadius(20)

There is not a lot you can do to change the colors of the thumb (round white circle), the on and off
positions. You can create your own custom Toggle. See the chapter on Custom Styling, in the section
ToggleStyle.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 201
 OTHER VIEWS
Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: Circle, Ellipse, Capsule, Rectangle, RoundedRectangle, Color, Divider, Group, Image, Path
and Inset along with the many modifiers and examples of how they work.

202
 PAINTS
Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: AngularGradient, ImagePaint, LinearGradient and RadialGradient with the many
examples of how they work when applied to different views.

203
 CONTROLS MODIFIERS Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: ActionSheet, Alert, ContextMenu, Sheet (Modals), Popover, Custom Popups and the
StatusBar Hidden modifier with the many examples of how they work when used with different
views.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 204
 LAYOUT MODIFIERS Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: AspectRatio, Background, EdgesIgnoringSafeArea, FixedSize, Frame, Hidden,
LayoutPriority, Offset, Overlay, Padding, Position, ScaleToFill, ScaleToFit, and zIndex with the many
examples of how they work when used with different views and modifiers.

205
 EFFECT MODIFIERS Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: AccentColor, BlendMode, Blur, Border, Brightness, Clipped, ClipShape, ColorInvert,
ColorMultiply, ColorScheme, CompositingGroup, ContentShape, Contrast, CornerRadius,
DrawingGroup, ForegroundColor, Grayscale, HueRotation, LuminanceToAlpha, Mask, Opacity,
PreferredColorScheme, RotationEffect, Rotation3DEffect, Saturation, ScaleEffect, Shadow, and
TransformEffect with the many examples of how they work.

206
 CUSTOM STYLING Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: ButtonStyle, DatePickerStyle, ListStyle, NavigationViewStyle, PickerStyle, TextFieldStyle,
ToggleStyle, Global Styling, View Modifiers and Styling Shapes with the many examples of how they
work when used.

207
 IMAGE MODIFIERS Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: Interpolation, RenderingMode, Resizable, and Symbol ImageScale with the many
examples of how they work.

208
 GESTURES
Covered in the SwiftUI Views Mastery book.
Includes: Drag Gesture, On Long Press Gesture, Magnification Gesture, Rotation Gesture, On Tap
Gesture, Exclusive Gesture, Simultaneous Gesture, Sequence Gesture and High Priority Gesture
with the examples of how they work when applied to different views.

209
 THE END
I hope you enjoyed this free SwiftUI Views Quick Start!
This was just the beginning of a larger book.

Continue your journey…

www.bigmountainstudio.com 210
 More From Me

SwiftUI Views
THE COMPLETE, VISUAL TIME-SAVING REFERENCE

Over 570 pages of SwiftUI Find out how to implement action sheets, modals, popovers
Over 370 screenshots/videos showing you what you can do and custom popups
so you can quickly come back and reference the code Master all the layout modifiers including background and
Learn all the ways to work with and modify images overlay layers, scaling, offsets padding and positioning
See the many ways you can use color as views How do you hide the status bar in SwiftUI? Find out!
Discover the different gradients and how you can apply them This is just the tip of the mountain!

GET THE BOOK!

www.bigmountainstudio.com 211
 Author

Hi, I’m Mark Moeykens

I’m a full-time mobile developer with over two decades of programming experience. I have created desktop, web
and mobile apps in many fields including insurance, banking, transportation, health, and sales. I have also given
talks on programming and enjoy breaking down complex subjects into simple parts to teach in a practical and
useful manner.

youtube.com/markmoeykens Website: www.bigmountainstudio.com

Find tutorials on iOS topics where I guide you step-by-step through all Join my climber’s camp and see what products I have available, learn
different aspects of development.
something new and see what I am working on.
• Subscribe to my newsletter
@BigMtnStudio
• Read articles
Stay up-to-date on what I’m learning and working on. These are the
most real-time updates you will find. • Find courses
• Download books
Facebook Group
Stay up-to-date on releases, whether it is articles, videos, projects, etc.

@BigMtnStudio
Patreon.com/bigmountainstudio Do you prefer hanging out in Instagram? Then follow and get bite-sized
My patrons get the first look at what I’m creating and when it comes chunks of dev info.
time to making a decision, they are my go-to people.
212
MORE FROM ME

I have some other things you might also be interested in!

Go to Big Mountain Studio to discover more.

 More From Me

SwiftUI Animations
DO YOU LIKE ANIMATIONS?
WOULD YOU LIKE TO GET A FREE QUICK START GUIDE ON SWIFTUI ANIMATIONS WITH VIDEO AND CODE SAMPLES?

GET THE FREE BOOK!

www.bigmountainstudio.com 214
 More From Me

Visual Swift Memory Mastery

THE ONLY COURSE OF ITS KIND TO MAKE LEARNING ABOUT SWIFT MEMORY EASY!

Uses simple language to describe complex things Learn tools in Xcode you probably don’t even know exist
Plenty of visuals so you understand more easily Visually see what automatic reference counting is and how it
Identify potential memory leak by the Swift type alone creates memory leaks
Remove confusions about Swift memory Learn the little known 2-Step method of fixing retain cycles
Find and fix memory leaks in real-world scenarios See example of how the Notification Center causes leaks
What’s the difference between strong, weak and unowned? Bonus section to help you conquer the interview!

GET THE COURSE!

www.bigmountainstudio.com 215
 THANK YOU
I hope you have enjoyed this book as your visual quickstart reference guide. A lot of time and work went into this to make it as easy as possible for you to use.

If you find anything wrong or have suggestions for improvement, please let me know.

Found a way to create a cool UI? I’d be super interested to see it!

If you would like to write a positive review on how this book has helped you, I would love to hear that too! Also, indicate if your review is ok to publish. I may put your
review on social media, my website or in an email to others.

Email: [email protected]

Direct Message me on Twitter: @bigmtnstudio

More to Come
I’m constantly working on educational products so sign up to get notified with the latest news on my website www.bigmountainstudio.com.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 216
 AFFILIATE INFO
I have an affiliate program that anyone can sign up for, whether you bought the book or not. If you mention you like my book with your affiliate link and someone
buys a book, you get:

20% !
If five people buy the book then your book is basically FREE. Beyond that, you have got yourself some extra spending money. 💰

I love it, sign me up!

Just go to www.bigmountainstudio.com/affiliate and sign up. You will need a PayPal account to get paid.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 217
 SHARE THE LOVE
If you like this book and find it useful, I encourage you to share links to my products. I’ll give you some effective sharing
tips on the next page. Here are some tips on what you can an cannot share.

YOU CAN YOU CANNOT

• Share a screenshot of a page from the free book sample with • Share the entire book, whether it’s the free sample or paid
your followers and friends along with a link on where they can version.
get the free or paid book. (https://www.bigmountainstudio.com)
• Sell or resell my products.
• Share favorable comments and goodwill with others. You helped
make the Swift international community super friendly. Let’s • Connect myself or my products with sites that promote general
keep it that way. hate, cyber-bullying, or discrimination of any kind.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 218
 SHARING TIPS
If you have never been an affiliate before and want some tips to effectively share my products then read on!

YOU SHOULD YOU SHOULD NOT

• Be honest and genuine with your comments. People can tell • Be pushy or overly aggressive.
when you’re not genuine. • Make people feel wrong or stupid for not buying a product.
• Be specific in your comments. Tell us exactly what you liked, • Be deceptive in any way.
what you learned or what helped you. • Endlessly promote. Mix it in with your other content.
• Share screenshots, gifs or video of your work! • Think you’ll make money by sharing one time. You should
• Help others with what you learned. Add value. casually share regularly. Try with once a week, for example.
• Be open that you are sharing an affiliate link.
• Share more than one time.

www.bigmountainstudio.com 219