See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/330385864

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RC BUILDINGS BY TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS

Conference Paper · January 2019

CITATIONS READS

0 1,259

4 authors:

Ananda Ghosh Shihab Ahammed

Daffodil International University Daffodil International University
1 PUBLICATION   0 CITATIONS    1 PUBLICATION   0 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

K I M Iqbal Tahsin Reza Hossain

The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
5 PUBLICATIONS   0 CITATIONS    47 PUBLICATIONS   145 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Hardness Removal of LRGV Tap Water Using Conductive Concrete: A Conceptual Study View project

Properties of papercrete and its' future in bangladesh View project

All content following this page was uploaded by K I M Iqbal on 18 October 2019.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Proceedings on International Conference on Disaster Risk Management,
Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 12-14, 2019

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RC BUILDINGS BY TIME HISTORY

ANALYSIS

A. Ghosh1, S. Ahammed2, K. I. M. Iqbal3 and T. R. Hossain4

ABSTRACT
Different dynamic analysis methods are performed in order to evaluate the performance of a structure which
is subjected to earthquake load. Among all the dynamic analysis methods, Non-linear Time History seismic
analysis method is more accurate. Because it generates a real earthquake load on a structure and analyzes the
response of the structure. In this study, the structural behavior of RC building is observed subjected to an
earthquake motion by Nonlinear Time History analysis method. Different parametric studies have been
performed to investigate its responses during an earthquake. These studies include variation in story level and
changes in the earthquake zones. Using BNBC-2015, a residential building is designed using ETABS v2015
and then analyzed it using the same software. ACI 318-08 is used in this analysis. A ground motion El Centro
(1940) is applied at the base of the structure and the seismic capacities at structural and element levels are
evaluated according to the guideline of ATC 40 (1996). Formation of plastic hinges is used as the basis of
local performance evaluation and story drift is used as the basis for evaluating global performance. It is found
that the designed building satisfies the acceptable performance criteria as per code ATC 40 (1996). It has
been observed that both for varying story level and different earthquake zones, the structure meets the
performance objective in serviceability earthquake and design basis earthquake and passed all the criteria.

Introduction
Structures are vulnerable to earthquake ground motion and damage the structures. In order to take precaution
for the damage of structures due to the ground motion, it is important to know the characteristics of the ground
motion. The most important dynamic characteristics of an earthquake are peak ground acceleration (PGA),
frequency content, and duration. These characteristics play predominant rule in studying the behavior of
structures under the earthquake ground motion.
The objective of the seismic design is to constrain the damage in a structure to a worthy sum. The structures
designed in such a way that should have the capacity to resist minor levels of an earthquake without damage,
withstand moderate levels of an earthquake without structural damage, yet the probability of some
nonstructural damage, and withstand significant levels of ground motion without breakdown, yet with some
structural and in addition nonstructural damage.
In present work, Six-story regular reinforced concrete (RC) buildings which are modeled as two-dimension
and analyzed for three earthquake design cases varying the PGA, are subjected to the corresponding models
and non-linear time-history analysis is performed using structural analysis and design software.

Methodology
These models are first designed as Intermediate moment resisting frames (IMRF) and then as special moment
resisting frame (SMRF) and they are performed by nonlinear time history analysis using the El Centro
earthquake data using ETABS. Each model is subjected to the data with three different PGA which
corresponds to the three earthquake design considerations. The responses of the structures are then compared
with the ATC- 40 document.
A strong-motion seismograph at El Centro recorded the earthquake and provided the first example of such a
recording made very close to a fault rupture in a major earthquake. This gave a detailed record of different
types of shaking associated with the earthquake. It is often used in the design of earthquake-proof structures
today, particularly for the time history analysis method.

1,2,3
Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
4
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1207,
Bangladesh.
Email of Corresponding Author – [email protected]
Page | 21
 Proceedings on International Conference on Disaster Risk Management,
Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 12-14, 2019

Modeling of the Structure and Basic Design Data

The basic dimensions of the panels are kept as 20 feet in the x-direction, 20 feet in the y-direction and 10 feet
of floor height. The material properties are kept non-linear, as the analysis of the structures would be
performed by non-linear Time history analysis later on. The load cases are defined properly according to the
code specified. The structures are designed as IMRF. The plan view of the structure is shown in the Figure.
1

Figure 1. Plan View of 6 storied RC Building

The panel size along the x-axis is 20 feet and the panel size along the y-axis is kept 20 feet. So the total model
becomes a 60’X40’ building.
The basic design data is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Basic Design Data

Properties Values
fc 4 ksi
fy 60 ksi
Design area Dhaka
Basic Wind Speed 130.48 mph
Super-imposed DL 3.4 k/ft
LL 0.8 k/ft
Soil Classification SC
Beam section 18 in * 16 in
Column section 20 in * 18 in

Non- Linear Time History Analysis

Nonlinear Time-History analysis, also known as Nonlinear Dynamic analysis, is a powerful method to
identify the response of the structure to ground motion acceleration.
Defining time history load case, using the defined time series function with load type Ux of acceleration with
a scale factor of (32.2*0.2/0.3128) to convert the g units and to incorporate the zone co-efficient of Dhaka.
The number of output time steps and time step size shall be specified, the more output time will simply
provide more details on output. We used 1600 steps per 0.02 second for duration of (1600*0.02) = 32.2
seconds.
For this analysis, three types of earthquake case are defined.

Page | 22
 Proceedings on International Conference on Disaster Risk Management,
Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 12-14, 2019

Serviceability Earthquake (SE) case

It is the ground motion with a 50% chance of being exceeded in a 50 year period.

Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) case

It is the ground motion with a 10% chance of being exceeded in a 50 year period.

Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) case

It is the maximum level of ground motion expected within the known geologic framework, ground motion
with a 2% chance of being exceeded in a 50-year period.

Performance Evaluation of the Structure

The structure is evaluated on the basis of two performance criteria. Global performance and local
performance. Global performance is evaluated with respect to lateral drift of the structure. The values
obtained from the software is compared with the deformation limit of provided in ATC40. Each element is
checked to determine whether its individual components satisfy acceptability requirements under
performance point forces and deformation.
Displacement time history at the topmost edge joint is plotted.

Figure 2. Displacement of joints at different earthquake levels.

From Figure. 2 it can be seen that at MCE level the displacement crosses 2 inches and according to ATC 40
it goes to the full inelastic non-linear stage. At DBE level the displacement just crosses the limit (2 inches)
and about to go non-linear stage. The service level earthquake is in the elastic stage and able to withstand the
ground motion.
From Figure. 3 it can be seen that the lateral drift of the structure satisfies during serviceability earthquake.
The curve shows that during serviceability earthquake it does not cross the 0.01 line which is Immediate
Occupancy criteria set by ATC 40 (1996). During design base earthquake the story drift gradually goes
beyond the 0.01 line but it does not cross the 0.02 line which is maximum acceptable drift for Life Safety
level. At maximum Credible Earthquake, almost all the points go beyond Immediate Occupancy. None of
them crosses the Life Safety level. It is clearly understood from the outcome that the designed building can
withstand the earthquake. Freeman (1978) states that “As the response of the buildings depends on the
severity of the ground motion, the performance level including lateral drift will be checked for different
ground motion.” As a result, lateral drift was calculated for 3 levels of the earthquake as well as ground
Page | 23
 Proceedings on International Conference on Disaster Risk Management,
Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 12-14, 2019

motions.

Figure 3. Storey Drift at different Earthquake Level

From the performance analysis, it is found that no hinges are formed during the serviceable earthquake. From
Figure. 5 it can be seen that the structure forms plastic hinges in DBE which crosses the IO (Immediate
Occupancy) level but restrain from forming LS (Life Safety) level hinges. During MCE numerous life safety
hinges are formed which can be seen from Figure. 4. No hinges are formed which goes beyond collapse
prevention range. So it concludes that the structure can withstand a moderate earthquake.

Figure 4. Hinge formation at MCE level

Figure 5. Hinge formation at DBE level

Page | 24
 Proceedings on International Conference on Disaster Risk Management,
Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 12-14, 2019

Conclusions
In this study, a regular structure designed following BNBC (2015) was analyzed using non- linear time history
analysis. The structure meets the performance objective in serviceability earthquake and design basis
earthquake. But the structure does not retain its stability during a maximum earthquake. This finding can be
used for understanding the BNBC (2015) guideline better.
There are some limitations to this study. The study was performed on a 2-dimensional frame, not an actual 3-
dimensional building. The structure considered only contains frame elements e.g.-beams and columns. No
shear wall was considered in this study. The study can be performed in a 3-D frame with the shear wall. It
will be an improvement of this study.
References
ACI Publication 318-08 (2008). “Building Code Requirement for Structural Concrete”, American Concrete
Institute, Detroit, USA.
ATC (1996). “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Building”, Report (ATC-40), Applied Technology
Council, California, Vol. 1, USA.
BNBC (2015). “Bangladesh National Building Code”, Housing and Building Research Institute, Mirpur,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Computer and Structures Inc. “ETABS Nonlinear Version 15.0”, California, USA.
Freeman, S. A. (1978). “Prediction of response of concrete buildings to severe earthquake motion”.
Publication SP-55, 589-605. Detroit, Mich.: American Concrete Inst.

Page | 25

View publication stats