In a bustling world, wherein people are always occupied with their daily

activities and lifestyle, the presence of transportation plays a vital role

to be able to accomplish such tasks may it be private or public means
of transportation. The role of transportation takes place in providing
accessibility to people, places, and services whilst contributing in
establishing the community, enhancing the standard of living, as well as
the general well-being of the environment and of the economy
(“Active and Convenient Transportation ”, n.d.).
In the country, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) is a
government agency is that responsible for the primary policy,
planning, programming, coordinating, implementing and
administrative entity of the executive branch of the
government on the promotion, development and regulation of
a dependable and coordinated network of transportation
systems, as well as in the fast, safe, efficient and reliable
transportation services.
FORMED:
January 23,1899

DEPARTMENT
EXECUTIVE:
• Policy Formulation
Secretary Arthur
• Industry and services regulation Tugade
• Infrastructure development
• International cooperation
LAND TRANSPORT FACILITIES
o Tricycle Terminal
o Jeepney Terminal
o UV Express Terminal
o Bus Terminal
o Train Station

AIR TRASNPORT FACILITY

o Airport Terminal

SEA TRANSPORT FACILITY

o Port
CONSIDERATIONS
 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

SITUATION Involves all of the activities required to

understand the situation that gave rise to the
perceived need for a transportation
improvement.
PROBLEM Describes the problem in terms of objectives
by which will be accomplished by the
project.
SEARCH FOR SOLUTION Consideration is given to the variety of ideas,
design, location, and system configuration
that might provide solution to the problem.
 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE Estimates how each of the proposed

alternatives would perform under present
and future conditions.
EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE Determines how well each alternative will be
able to achieve the objectives of the
project.
CHOICE OF PROJECT Made after considering all the factors
involved.
SPECIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION Once the transportation project has been
selected, the project will move into the
detailed design phase wherein each
component of the facility is specified.
NEED
The needs of the users are the top priority in designing a terminal. The processing of
passengers must be hassle-free to meet their needs. The accessibility of the facility
allows the customer to achieve their respective task without any interventions.

SIZE
Since the terminals accommodate a high density of passengers, the traffic flow of
pedestrians must be controlled from the entrance to the exit. According to the study,
the restroom accommodates most of the users producing a high potential traffic jam
(Butts, 2019).

LOCATION
The location of the terminal determines its capability to perform a better facility. The
transport system must be organized and in sequence. The nodal point and system
create an efficient way to transfer passengers.
• The totality of the pedestrian experience

• Efficiency of vehicular movement, stacking, and holding

• Urban integration – in which the interchange is integrated within its

urban surroundings, capitalization of potentials and minimalization
of negative impacts

• Integration of interchange elements and activities

 PEDESTRIAN SPACE,
VEHICULAR
CIRCULATION AND TRADING SPACE SIGNAGE MANAGEMENT
LAYOUT
FACILITIES
o Access and o Pedestrian o Formal, o Information o Management
circulation Circulation Areas dedicated o Communications o Rank
o Interchange and Spaces sheltered and Marshals
Operations
o Passenger Loading lock-up space o CCTV
o Civil
Infrastructure o Shelters with flexible Equipment
o Building Structures layout o Disaster
and o Refuse Storage Control
Accommodation o Informal trading o Maintenance
o Hard and Soft (main o Cleaning
Landscaping pedestrian o Refuse
o Street Furniture flows and Storage and
o Lighting public spaces) Collection
Lighting design in the terminals is very crucial especially when
selecting the right type of light in every area of the terminal. It is also
important to consider the maintenance of the light as terminals
cater a large amount of space.

o Continuous lighting - commonly used for its security

o Standby lighting - an automated light that detects the movement
of the user
o Mobile lighting - manual light that can be used as emergency light
in the terminal
The Paranaque Integrated Terminal
Exchange (PITX) is a public transport
terminal located in Paranaque, Metro
Manila, Philippines. The terminal operated
by the Department of Transportation (DOTr)
and Megawide Construction Corporation.
It has a total lot area of 4.5 hectares –
making it the largest terminal in the
country.

PITX is composed of four major zones: (1)

Parking Area, (2) Traveler’s Space, (3)
Office Space, and (4) Commercial Space.
The Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 1
was completed in the year 1981. It was designed
by Leandro Locsin, a National Artist of the
Philippines for Architecture. The terminal has 16-
gates which currently services all international
flights coming into Manila, except for those
operated by Cebu Pacific Air, PAL Express,
Philippine Airlines, All Nippon Air (ANA), Delta Air
Lines, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Emirates Airline,
Singapore Airlines and Cathay Pacific Airways.
Means of Egress/ Exit Requirements SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Exit requirements of a building is
Occupant Loads determined by the occupant load
which gives the largest number of
(a) General persons. No obstruction shall be
(2) Exit Requirements placed in the required width of an
exit except projections
permitted by this Code.
Number of Exits SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Every building or usable portion must
Occupant Loads have at least one exit.

(b) Exits
(1) Number of Exits

Width of Exits (2) Width The total width of exits in meters

must not be less than the total
occupant load divided by 165. Such
width of exits shall be divided
approximately equally among the
separate exits.
Swing Direction SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Exit door shall swing in the direction
Occupant Loads of exit travel; Double acting doors
shall
(c) Doors not be used as exits.
(1) Swing
Door Width and Height (3) Width and Height Exit doorway must be of a size that is
not less than 900 millimeters in width
and not less than 2.00 meters in
height.

It shall be capable of opening at

least 90
degrees and must have a clear
width of exit way not less than 700
millimeters.
Width of Aisles SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and If serving only 1 side, every aisle must
Occupant Loads not be less than 800 millimeters wide;
If serving both sides, an aisle must
(l) Aisles not be less than 1 meter wide.
(1) Width
Distance to Exits (2) Exit Distance In areas occupied by seats, the line
of travel to an exit door by an aisle
must not be more than 45.00
meters.
Seat Spacing SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and The spacing of rows of seats from
Occupant Loads back-to-back
shall be not less than 840 millimeters.
(m) Seats
(1) Seat Spacing

Width of Seating Furniture (2) Width The width of any seat must be not
less than 450 millimeters.
Prevention of Interior Fire Spread SECTION 601. Fire-Resistive Rating Fire-resistive rating means the
defined degree to which a material can
withstand fire as determined by
generally recognized and accepted
testing methods.

Class Rating for Interior Finishes SECTION 602. Fire-Resistive Time Fire-resistive time period rating is the
Period Rating length of time a material can
withstand being burned
which may be one-hour, two-hours,
three-hours, four-hours, etc.
Seat Spacing SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and The spacing of rows of seats from
Occupant Loads back-to-back
shall be not less than 840 millimeters.
(m) Seats
(1) Seat Spacing

Width of Seating Furniture (2) Width The width of any seat must be not
less than 450 millimeters.
Figure 1. A photo of E. Delos Santos Avenue in EDSA, Mandaluyong. (2017).
[Photograph] Photo by Roque P. Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EDSA_-
_Reliance_(Mandaluyong)(2017-05-21).jpg

Figure 2. A photo of LRT 1 Train. (2017). [Photograph] Photo taken by Mattyuzon44.

Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LRT_1_Christmas_Train_2017.jpg

Figure 3. A photo of NAIA Terminal 3 Departure hall. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved

from https://thereaderwiki.com/en/Manila_International_Airport

Figure 4. A photo of Besta Shipping Lines ferry in Batangas Port. (n.d.). [Photograph]
Photo taken by Acred, M. L. Retrieved from
https://www.asisbiz.com/Photos/Ships-Merchant-Vessels/pages/MV-Baleno-
car-ferry-Besa-shipping-lines-Batangas-Pier-Philippines-01.html
Figure 5. A photo of Mactan Cebu International Airport’s interior. (2018). [Photograph]
Photo taken by Lee, S. Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/942874/mactan- cebu-international-airport-
t2-integrated-design- associates/5efd4369b357654054000091-mactan-
cebu-international-airport-t2- integrated-design-associates-photo

Figure 6. A photo of Mactan Cebu International Airport’s interior. (2018). [Photograph]

Photo taken by Nye, J. Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/942874/mactan-cebu-international-airport-t2-
integrated-design-associates/5efd40e0b357654054000083-mactan-cebu-
international-airport-t2-integrated-design-associates-photo?next_project=no

Figure 7. A photo of Mactan Cebu International Airport’s interior. (2018).

[Photograph]. Photo taken by Nye, J. Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/942874/mactan-cebu-international-airport-t2-
integrated-design-associates/5efd40b7b357658c1f0000d4-mactan-cebu-
international-airport-t2-integrated-design-associates-photo?next_project=no
Figure 8. A photo of Mactan Cebu International Airport’s interior. (2018).
[Photograph] Photo taken by Nye, J. Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/942874/mactan-cebu-international-airport-t2-
integrated-design-associates/5efd4061b357654054000080-mactan-cebu-
international-airport-t2-integrated-design-associates-photo?next_project=no

Figure 9. A photo of Mactan Cebu International Airport’s interior. (2018).

[Photograph] Photo taken by Nye, J. Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/942874/mactan-cebu-international-airport-t2-
integrated-design-associates/5efd414db357654054000085-mactan-cebu-
international-airport-t2-integrated-design-associates-photo?next_project=no

Figure 10. A photo of. Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange exterior facade.
(2010). [Photograph] Retrieved from
https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp_projects/integrated-transport-system-project-its-
southwest-terminal-project-4/?wppa-occur=1&wppa-cover=0&wppa-
album=88&wppa-photo=1359
Figure 11. A photo of NAIA Terminal 1 exterior facade. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved
from https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/09/27/ramp-controllers-at-naia-
chafe-at-elevator-ban-cite-injuries-suffered-on-hazardous-roofdeck/

Figure 12. A photo of NAIA Terminal 1 Arrival Map. (n.d.). [Digital Image]. Retrieved
from https://www.silent-gardens.com/new_assets/images/NAIA/Manila-NAIA-
T1-arrival.jpg

Figure 13. A photo of NAIA Terminal 1 Departure Map. (n.d.). [Digital Image].
Retrieved from https://www.silent
gardens.com/new_assets/images/NAIA/Manila-NAIA-T1-departure.jpg

Table 1. Table showing the Transportation Planning Process. Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/NurRamadhan1/transportation-planning-
11880455

Table 2. Table showing the Interchange Components. Retrieved from

https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/6332/041.pdf?sequence=1
About DOTr . (n.d.). Retrieved from DOTr: dotr.gov.ph/2014-09-02-05-01-41.html

About NAIA Terminal 1. (n.d.). Retrieved from MIAA:

https://www.miaa.gov.ph/miaa/index.php?option=com_content&view=cate
gory&layout=blog&id=21&Itemid=16

Active and Convinient Transportation. (n.d.). Retrieved from Williams Lake:

https://www.williamslake.ca/DocumentCenter/View/277/4-3-ACTIVE-AND-
CONVENIENT-TRANSPORTATION?bidId=

Association, A. P. (2009, October). Security Lighting for Transit Passenger. Retrieved

from APTA: https://www.apta.com/wp-
content/uploads/Standards_Documents/APTA-SS-SIS-RP-001-10.pdf
B.P.344 – Accessibility Law. (n.d.) Retrieved from:
https://www.academia.edu/12223851/B.P.344_-_Accessibility_Law

Butts, M. (2019, August 16). Innovations for the ideal transportation restroom facility
design. Retrieved from PMEngineer:
https://www.pmengineer.com/articles/94419-innovations-for-the-ideal-
transportation-restroom-facility-design

Memorandum Circular Number 2008-03. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://ltfrb.gov.ph/wp-

content/uploads/Memorandum%20Circular/2008/2008-
013.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1OTo-
Y613FO7V775VGZEFKq9mO6wIJ93JEppJH2j6uOzfIUbkXKRNj0xw

National Building Code of the Philippines. (n.d.) Retrieved from:

http://ray.dilg.gov.ph/files/national_building_code_of_the_philippines.pdf

PITX Terminal Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://www.phbus.com/pitx-terminal/