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Jupiter Column

The Celts were a collection of tribes originating in Central Europe who shared a similar culture, religion, and language. They spread throughout Western Europe between 1200 BC and the Roman period, settling in areas like Britain, Ireland, France, and Spain. Their influence remains strongest in Ireland and Britain today. Celtic priests were called Druids. The Roman invasion of Gaul profoundly impacted Celtic culture by weakening the Druids and leading to the emergence of new Romano-Celtic gods that blended Roman and Celtic traditions. Stone monuments also replaced wooden idols in religious practices after the Roman conquest.

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46 views4 pages

Jupiter Column

The Celts were a collection of tribes originating in Central Europe who shared a similar culture, religion, and language. They spread throughout Western Europe between 1200 BC and the Roman period, settling in areas like Britain, Ireland, France, and Spain. Their influence remains strongest in Ireland and Britain today. Celtic priests were called Druids. The Roman invasion of Gaul profoundly impacted Celtic culture by weakening the Druids and leading to the emergence of new Romano-Celtic gods that blended Roman and Celtic traditions. Stone monuments also replaced wooden idols in religious practices after the Roman conquest.

Uploaded by

mielpopsglek
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

1Who were celts?


The Celts were a collection of tribes with origins in central Europe
that shared a similar language, religious beliefs, traditions and
culture. It’s believed that the Celtic culture started to evolve as early
as 1200 B.C. The Celts spread throughout western Europe—
including Britain, Ireland, France and Spain—via migration. Their
legacy remains most prominent in Ireland and Great Britain, where
traces of their language and culture are still prominent today.

2What famous celtic queen do you know?


In 60/61 AD Britain's most famous Celtic Queen led a bloody revolt against
Rome, determined to evict the occupiers from Britain by the spear. Her
name was Boudicca, a name that now sits among the most recognised in
the whole of British history. Here are 10 facts about the Iceni queen

3How were their priests called?


Celtic priests were called Druids.

4What contribution to the celtic culture was made by Roman invasion?Give


examples.
The Roman invasion of Gaul brought a great deal of Celtic peoples into the
Roman Empire. Roman culture had a profound effect on the Celtic tribes
which came under the empire's control. Roman influence led to many
changes in Celtic religion, the most noticeable of which was the weakening
of the druid class, especially religiously; the druids were to eventually
disappear altogether. Romano-Celtic deities also began to appear: these
deities often had both Roman and Celtic attributes, combined the names of
Roman and Celtic deities, and/or included couples with one Roman and
one Celtic deity. Other changes included the adaptation of the Jupiter
Column, a sacred column set up in many Celtic regions of the empire,
primarily in northern and eastern Gaul. Another major change in religious
practice was the use of stone monuments to represent gods and
goddesses. The Celts had only created wooden idols (including
monuments carved into trees, which were known as sacred poles)
previously to Roman conquest.
5How many kingdoms were created by Anglo-saxon?

The four main kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England were: East Anglia.


Mercia. Northumbria, including sub-kingdoms Bernicia and Deira.

6When did the battle at Hastings take place?


14 October 1066
7What is “Doomsday book?
It is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and
parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. 
8When did the “War of roses “take place?
1455 and 1485

2
Ex.1. Answer the questions:
1. What people lived on the British Isles in the early days of history?
In the early days of history (50-450) England was known as Britain and the people
who lived there were the Britons.
2. Where did people live?
People lived in small villages along the rivers or near the sea.
3. What did the Britons catch and grow in the meadows near the rivers, on the
sides of the mountains?
The Britons caught fish, grew wheat and had many pigs, cows and sheep in the
meadows near the rivers and on the sides of the mountains. Later they learnt to
make wool and metal and sold to the people who came across the sea.
4. Who headed the Roman invaders?
Julius Caesar was headed the Roman invaders
5. Why did the Romans build roads and walls across Britain?
They built roads and had the country under control.
6. When did the Romans leave the country and why?
The Roman armies were called back to Italy where they defended the country
from barbaric tribes
7. Who attacked the coasts of Britain and settled down on the British Isles after
long wars with the Britons?
The Germanic tribes from Western Europe – Angles, Saxons and Jutes – attacked
the coasts of Britain.
8. What tribe got most of the land and became the strongest?
The Britons fought bravely against the enemies and defended their land. But the
enemies were stronger.
9. Where did the Britons go and settle down?
. The Britons went to the mountains to the west of the Isles and settled there.
10. Who called their speech English and the country England?
As time went on two peoples–the Angles and Saxons–grew into one and
were called Anglo-Saxons. They called their speech English, and their country
England – that is, the Land of the English.

Ex.2. What can you say about :


1. the first name of England?
The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland,
which means "land of the Angles".
2. the way of life of the Britons?
-
3. the Roman invasion?
The Roman conquest of Britain was a gradual process, beginning in AD 43
under Emperor Claudius and being largely completed by 87 when
the Stanegate was established as the northern frontier.
The Roman army was generally recruited in Italia, Hispania, and Gaul. To
cross the English Channel they used the newly-formed Classis
Britannica fleet equipped with Mediterranean war galleys, [4] which were
much thicker in wood and more stable on rough waters.
4. the Germanic tribes that attacked the coasts of Britain?
There seems to have been no large "invasion" with a combined army or
fleet, but the tribes, notably the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons, quickly
established control over modern-day England. The peoples now called the
'Anglo-Saxons' largely came from Jutland and northern Germany, first
landing in Eastern Britain.
5. the name ‘England’?
-

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