Y20 jc2 Physics H2 Prelim CJC

NAME CLASS 2T
Catholic Junior College

JC2 Preliminary Examinations
Higher 2

PHYSICS 9749/01
Paper 1: Multiple Choice 18 September 2020
1 hour
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name and tutorial group on this cover page.

Write and/or shade your name, NRIC / FIN number and HT group on the Answer Sheet (OMR sheet), unless
this has been done for you.
Write in soft pencil.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all 30 questions in this paper.

For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and
record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet (OMR sheet).
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet carefully.
Each correct answer will be awarded one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is permitted, where appropriate.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and one blank page.
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PHYSICS DATA:
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1

permeability of free space 0 = 4 x 10-7 H m-1
permittivity of free space 0 = 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1
 (1/(36)) x 10-9 F m-1
elementary charge e = 1.60 x 10-19 C
the Planck constant h = 6.63 x 10-34 J s
unified atomic mass constant u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg
rest mass of electron me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
rest mass of proton mP = 1.67 x 10-27 kg
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 x 10-23 mol-1
gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s-2
PHYSICS FORMULAE:
uniformly accelerated motion s = u t + ½ a t2

v2 = u2 + 2 a s
work done on / by a gas W = p V
hydrostatic pressure P = gh
gravitational potential  = Gm
-
r
temperature T / K = T / ˚C + 273.15
pressure of an ideal gas p = 1 Nm
〈c 2 〉
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas E = 3
molecule
kT
2
displacement of particle in s.h.m. x = x0 sin t
velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos t
=
  x0  x 2
2
electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...
resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...
electric potential V = Q
4πεo r
alternating current / voltage x = x0 sin t
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire B = μo I
2πd
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil B = μo NI
2r
magnetic flux density due to a long solenoid B = μo nI
radioactive decay x = x0 exp(-t)
decay constant λ = ln 2
t1
2
3
1 Which of the following is not a reasonable estimate?
A The power of an electric iron is 1 kW.

B The weight of a man on the moon is 100 N.
C The momentum of a tennis ball served by a professional tennis player is 4 N s.
D The kinetic energy of a double-decker bus moving at a constant speed on an expressway
is 50 kJ.
2 Four students A, B, C and D measured the potential difference across an electric component.
Each student obtained five sets of data for the potential difference.
If the actual potential difference is 1.65  102 V, which student’s measurement was accurate
but not precise?
potential difference / 102 V mean / 10-2 V
A 1.61 1.65 1.65 1.58 1.61 1.62
B 1.66 1.68 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.65
C 1.65 1.64 1.65 1.65 1.66 1.65
D 1.69 1.70 1.69 1.70 1.69 1.69

3 A boat moves at velocity of 4 m s-1 due south in still water across a lake. It then experiences a
current flowing towards the west. The velocity of the boat changes to 7 m s-1.
What is the change in the velocity of the boat due to the current?
A 3 m s-1 due west

B 3 m s-1 due west of south
C 6 m s-1 due west
D 6 m s-1 due west of south
4 Two cars are initially side-by-side and at rest. They then accelerate in the same direction along
the same straight line at different uniform rates. After 4.0 s, one of the cars is 12 m ahead of
the other.
If they continue to accelerate at the same rate, how far apart will they be 6.0 s after they
started?
A 15 m B 18 m C 22 m D 27 m
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5 A tennis ball of mass 0.060 kg is moving normally towards a racket with an initial velocity of
5.0 m s-1 and rebounds in the opposite direction.
The force of the racket exerted on the tennis ball varies with time as shown.
force / N
150
0
40 time / ms
What is the final velocity of the ball when it leaves the racket?
A 45 m s-1 B 50 m s-1 C 55 m s-1 D 95 m s-1

5
6 A tower is pulled by a bundle of steel cables anchored to the ground, as shown by the simplified
sketch below.
tower
steel cables
ground
The tower is acted upon by three forces. Which diagram shows the position and direction of
each of the forces when the tower is in equilibrium?
A B
C D
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7 A diving board of length 5.0 m is hinged at one end and supported 2.0 m from this end by a
spring of spring constant 10 kN m–1. A child of mass 40 kg stands at the far end of the board.
What is the compression of the spring caused by the child standing on the end of the board?
A 1.0 cm B 1.6 cm C 9.8 cm D 16 cm
8 The diagram shows the velocity-time graph of a 500 kg elevator during its upward motion.
What is the maximum power generated by the engine of the elevator?

A 7810 W B 9310 W C 9810 W D 10300 W
7
9 Two identical objects, P and Q, are placed on a flat rough circular disc. Q is at a further
distance from the centre of the disc compared to P.
axis
P Q
The disc starts spinning from rest about its central axis with increasing speed. At a certain
speed, one of the objects starts to slide off the disc.
Q slides off the disc first because
A the friction experienced by P and Q are always equal.
B it moves with a larger angular velocity compared to P.
C it requires greater friction to keep it in its position compared to P.
D the friction experienced by P is larger than Q before one of the objects slide off the disc.
10 P and Q are two points above Earth’s surface at distances r and 2r respectively from the
centre of the Earth.
2r
Earth
r

The gravitational potential at P is 800 kJ kg-1. What is the gain in gravitational potential
energy of a 2 kg mass when it is moved from P to Q?
A - 400 kJ B - 200 kJ C 400 kJ D 800 kJ
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11 Planet X has a density of  and radius of R. The gravitational acceleration at its surface is a.
What is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of Planet Y which has a density of 2 and
radius of 2R?
A 0.5 a B a C 2a D 4a
12 A particle of mass 5.0 × 10-3 kg performing simple harmonic motion of amplitude 150 mm
takes 47 s to make 50 oscillations.
What is the maximum kinetic energy of the particle?
A 2.0 × 10-3 J B 2.5 × 10-3 J C 3.9 × 10-3 J D 5.0 × 10-3 J
13 Which of the following statements is true for a stationary sound wave?
A The pressure at a displacement node is always very high.

B The pressure at a displacement antinode is always very high.
C The pressure at a displacement node fluctuates between high to low.
D A stationary wave can be formed by two waves with the same amplitude and frequency,
travelling at the same direction towards a point.
14 In the figure below, graph C shows how the pressure of a fixed mass of an ideal gas varies with
its volume at a constant temperature.
B
Pressure
Volume
If a similar ideal gas with double the mass is used and the experiment is conducted at the
original constant temperature, which curve (A, B, C or D) gives the variation of the gas pressure
with its volume?
9
15 An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process in three stages:
(1) Expansion at constant pressure,

(2) Decrease in pressure at constant volume,
(3) Compression at constant temperature.
Which of the following must be true?
A There is net heat released by the gas during the cycle.
B The net work done on the gas during the cycle is positive.
C The net work done by the gas during the cycle is equal to the net heat transferred to the
gas.
D The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the constant
pressure stage minus the work done during the constant temperature stage.
16 A beam of plane-polarised light of intensity I falls normally onto a thin sheet of polaroid.
3
If the transmitted beam has an intensity of I , what is the angle between the plane of
4
polarisation of the incident beam and the polarising axis of the polaroid?
A 30° B 41° C 45° D 60°
17 A hemispherical bowl of radius 200 mm is completely filled with water at rest. If its side is
tapped gently, a circular water wave pulse can be produced on the surface of the water which
travels inwards with a speed of 250 mm s-1.
What is the radius of the pulse and its direction of travel one second after the pulse is
produced?
A zero, stationary
B 50 mm, inwards
C 50 mm, outwards
D 100 mm, outwards
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18 A stationary wave is formed on a stretched string of length L between two points as shown
below.
Particles Q and R on the string are separated by distance s. The total energy of Q and of R
are EQ and ER respectively.
Which of the following gives the correct phase difference between Q and R, and the
relationship between EQ and ER?
phase difference / rad total energy
2s
A π EQ = ER
L
2s
B π EQ < ER
L
C π EQ = ER
D π EQ < ER
19 Light of wavelength λ is incident normally on a diffraction grating of slit spacing five times the
wavelength of the light.
What is the angle of diffraction of the second order maximum?
A 12° B 24° C 37° D 45°

11
20 The figure below shows two horizontal parallel metal plates. The upper plate is maintained at
a higher potential relative to the lower plate.
Line XY is inclined at an angle θ to the metal plates.
Which of the following graphs best shows the variation of electric potential V with distance r
from X along the line XY?
A B
C D

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21 Two charges are fixed at a distance of 1.0 mm apart as shown below.
-1
A uniform electric field with field strength 4.0 N C is applied in the direction from left to right.
Which statement describes the net force and torque experienced by the pair of charges?
A No net force and no torque.

B No net force and the torque is 8.0 × 10-12 N m in the clockwise direction.
C A net force of 3.6 × 10-14 N acts and the torque is 4.0 × 10-12 N m in the clockwise
direction.
D A net force of 3.6 × 10-14 N acts and the torque is 8.0 × 10-12 N m in the clockwise
direction.
22 A battery causes a current of 3 A to flow through a metal wire of diameter 2.0 mm. The number
density of the free electrons in the metal wire is 8.5 x1028 m-3.
What is the average speed of the electrons drifting along the wire?
A 2.0 x 10−11 m s-1 B 2.0 x 10−5 m s-1 C 7.0 x 10−11 m s-1 D 7.0 x 10−5 m s-1
23 A heater of resistance 5.0 Ω dissipates 125 W of power when current flows through it. The
amount of energy converted to heat when 0.4 C of charge passes through it is
A 2J B 10 J C 50 J D 625 J
13
24 A flat circular coil M is mounted co-axially inside another flat circular coil N. N has three times
the radius of M.
N
M
. 3r
r
The two coils are connected in series to the same power supply. At the centre of the two coils,
the magnetic field created by M is opposite in direction to the magnetic field created by N.
What is the ratio of the number of turns of coil M to the number of turns of coil N to create zero
magnetic flux density at the centre?
A 1:3 B 2:3 C 3:1 D 3:2
25 In a velocity selection, positively charged particles +q enter an electric field of strength E and
a magnetic field of flux density B that are applied perpendicularly to each other in the same
region. Particles which are travelling at speed v are undeflected by the cross-fields.
Which of the following is necessarily true?
A To select particles of charge –q with speed v, there is a need to reverse the direction of
either E or B.
B To select charged particles with speed 2v, with the magnitude of B unchanged, the
magnitude of E needs to be doubled.
C For particles of charge -q, there is a need to reverse the directions of both E and B in
order to select the particles with speed v.
D If the magnitude of charge doubles, the magnitudes of the electric field strength and
magnetic flux density cannot remain as E and B to select the particles with speed v.
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26 A copper disc spins freely between the poles of an electromagnet at a constant speed. P and
Q are two metallic brushes making contact with the axle and the edge of the disc as shown in
the diagram. A resistor R is connected across P and Q.
N
Q
S
electromagnet
Which of the following statements is correct?
A A current flows from P through R to Q, and P is at a higher potential then Q.

B A current flows from Q through R to P, and Q is at a higher potential then P.
C A current flows from P to Q in the disc, and P is at a higher potential then Q.
D A current flows from Q to P in the disc, and Q is at a higher potential then P.
27 A sinusoidal alternating current I / A varies with time t / s according to the equation
I = 2.0 sin (100πt)
This current is allowed to pass through a resistor of resistance 5.0 Ω.
Which of the following shows how the power P / W dissipated in the resistor varies with t / s?
A P/W
B P/W
20 20
0.010 0.020 t / s 0.020 0.040 t / s
C P/W
D P/W
20 20
0.010 0.020 t/s 0.020 0.040 t/s

15
28 The primary coil of an ideal transformer has 1000 turns and is connected to a sinusoidal a.c.
supply. The secondary coil has 40 turns and is connected to an ideal diode and a load.
a.c. supply load

1000 turns 40 turns
12 W
If the root-mean-square (r.m.s) voltage across the load is 6.5 V and the mean power dissipated
in the load is 12 W, what is the r.m.s current in the primary coil?
A 0.026 A B 0.074 A C 0.10 A D 0.15 A
29 The x-ray spectrum of a metal target is shown in the figure below.
intensity
 / 10-11 m
36 60 70

A The smallest wavelength detected, 36 x 10-11 m, is dependent on the target material.
B The graph shows that electrons with a range of kinetic energies are used to bombard the
target.
C The locations of the peaks can be used to identify the element that the target material is
made of.
D The position of the peaks allow us to calculate the energy of the electrons used to
bombard the target.
30 A photon of wavelength 555.00 nm, measured to an accuracy of 0.01 nm.
What is the minimum uncertainty in the location of the photon?
A 6.6  10−23 m B 1.0 × 10−11 m C 3.1  10−2 m D 3.0  10−1 m
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-- BLANK PAGE --
Higher 2
CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS 2T
PHYSICS 9749/02
Paper 2: Structured Questions 27 August 2020
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

Write your name and class on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the space provided. [PILOT FRIXION ERASABLE PENS ARE NOT ALLOWED]
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

Answer all questions.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE DIFFICULTY

L1 L2 L3
Q1 /9
Q2 /8
Q3 / 11
Q4 / 10
Q5 / 12
Q6 /9
Q7 / 21
PAPER 2 / 80

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PHYSICS DATA:

 (1/(36)) x 10-9 F m-1
rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg
PHYSICS FORMULAE:

v2 = u2 + 2 a s
gravitational potential Gm
 = -
r
temperature T/K = T / ˚C + 273.15
pressure of an ideal gas 1 Nm 2
p = 〈c 〉
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule 3
E = kT
2
  x0  x 2
2
=
electric potential Q
V =
4πεo r
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire μo I
B =
2πd
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil μo NI
B =
2r
decay constant ln 2
λ = t1
2
3
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) A ball is kicked from horizontal ground towards a vertical wall, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)
The horizontal distance between the initial position of the ball and the base of the wall is 24 m.
The ball is kicked with an initial velocity v at an angle of 28° above the horizontal. The ball hits the
wall after a time of 1.50 s. Air resistance is negligible.
(i) Calculate the initial horizontal component vX of the velocity of the ball.
vX = ……………………………………… m s-1 [1]
(ii) Show that the initial vertical component vY of the velocity of the ball is 8.5 m s–1.
[1]
(iii) Calculate the time taken for the ball to reach its maximum height above the ground.
time = ……………………………………… s [2]

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(iv) The ball is kicked at time t = 0. Assume that the vertical component vY of the velocity of the
ball is positive in the upwards direction. On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with time t of vY for
the time until the ball hits the wall. Label this graph Q.
vY
Fig. 1.2 [1]
(v) Use your graph in Fig. 1.2 to estimate the height of the wall.
height of wall = ……………………………………… m [2]
(b) On Fig. 1.2, sketch a possible vY against t graph if air resistance acts on the ball. Assume
the ball does not reach the ground before 1.50s. Label this graph R. [2]
5
22 (a) Explain the origin of upthrust acting on a body in a fluid.
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) In order to lift a submerged load of 600 kg from a seabed, a lifting bag made of an elastic material
of negligible mass is filled with air and attached to the load, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The density of
seawater is 1050 kg m3 and the lifting bag contains 0.700 m3 of air of density 1.27 kg m3 such that
the load ascends with a constant speed.
The volume of the load is negligible compared to the volume of the lifting bag.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
lifting bag filled with air
- - - -seawater
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
load
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
sea bed
(i) Calculate the upthrust on the lifting bag when its volume is 0.700 m3.
upthrust = …………………………………. N [2]
(ii) Calculate the total drag force on the bag and load.
total drag force = …………………………………. N [2]
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(iii) Explain why in practice, to maintain a constant speed of ascent, air has to be released
continuously from the lifting bag. Temperature change during the ascent is negligible.
…………………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
3 (a) State the principle of superposition.
…………...……………………………………………………………………………….……………………
…….………..………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………….……..…………………………………………………………………………………….…………
………………………...……………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………..………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Interference effects are produced on a viewing screen as a result of interference of the direct waves
from a 500 nm electromagnetic wave source S and reflected waves from the mirror as shown in
Fig. 3.1.
Points P and Q are at minimum intensity and there is only one point between P and Q which is at
a maximum intensity.
S is placed 100 m to the left of the screen and 1.0 cm above the mirror.
7
(i) Explain why P is at a minimum intensity.
……………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
……………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……… [1]
(ii) Calculate the distance y. Explain your working.
y = …………………………………… mm [3]
(iii) Describe and explain the changes observed at point P, if any, as a result of the following
changes made independently to the experiment.
1. Source S is gradually shifted vertically further away from the mirror.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….……………………….
………………………………………………………………….………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….…………….……………………
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
2. The mirror is replaced by a black cardboard.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
……………………………………………………….…………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….……………………………………… [2]
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4 (a) (i) State what is meant by the internal energy of a system.
………………………………………………………………………………..….…………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….……..……………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
(ii) Explain why, for an ideal gas, the change in internal energy is directly proportional to the
change in thermodynamic temperature of the gas.
…………………………………………………………...…………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
………………………………………………………………..……………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………..………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
(iii) A box, filled with an ideal gas, is rapidly accelerated horizontally from rest.
direction of acceleration
back wall box filled with front wall

an ideal gas
Fig. 4.1
Suggest, with a reason, how the internal energy of the gas would vary from the back wall to
the front wall of the box during the acceleration.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
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(b) A cylinder of volume 1.8 × 104 cm3 contains helium gas at pressure 6.4 × 106 Pa and temperature
25 °C. The root-mean-square speed of the helium gas atoms is 336 m s-1. Helium gas may be
considered to be an ideal monatomic gas.
(i) Calculate the number of helium atoms in the cylinder.
number = ……………………………………… [2]
(ii) Calculate the density of helium atoms in the cylinder.
density = ……………………………………… kg m-3 [2]
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5 (a) Twin core cable, consisting of a ‘live’ wire and a ‘neutral’ wire, is commonly used for wiring
applications. Current is supplied via the ‘live’ wire from an electrical power source to the appliance.
Current then flows via the ‘neutral’ wire back to the electrical power source.
The twin core cable shown in Fig. 5.1 consists of two thin wires whose centres are 5.0 mm apart.
Each wire carries a current of 0.25 A.
Permeability of the insulating material, μ = 1.3 x 10-6 H m-1.
‘live’ wire ‘neutral’ wire
5.0 mm insulating
material
Fig. 5.1
(i) State whether the force between the wires is attractive or repulsive.
……………………………………………………………………………………….......…….. [1]
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the force per unit length on each wire.
force per unit length = ……………………………………… N m-1 [3]

11
(b) A railgun is a device typically designed as a weapon that uses electromagnetic force to launch
high speed projectiles. A simplified model of a railgun is shown in Fig. 5.2. Fig. 5.2 shows the top
view of a pair of smooth horizontal metal rails connected across a 2.0 V battery of negligible
internal resistance. The metal rails have negligible resistance. A copper rod XY of resistance
3.04 mΩ is resting on the rails. The rails and the rod lie in a horizontal plane and a uniform vertical
magnetic field of flux density 24 mT is applied out of the page.
When the switch is closed, a magnetic force acts on XY which causes it to start moving towards
the right. At time t s after the switch is closed, XY has a velocity v m s-1.
metal rails uniform magnetic

switch
field directed out of
the page
X
40 cm 2.0 V
Fig. 5.2
(i) As the rod moves to the right, there is an induced e.m.f across rod XY. Use Lenz’s law to
explain why the induced electric potential at X is lower compared to Y.
……………………………………………………………………..………………..……………….
………………………………………………..…………………………………..………………….
……………………………………………………………………..……………..………………….
…………………………………………………………………..………………..………………….
………………………………………………………………..…………………..………………….
………………………………………………………..…………………………..………………….
…………………………………………………………..…………………………..……………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…. [2]
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(ii) Show that the current, in amperes, in the closed circuit at time t is given by (660 - 3.2v).
[2]
(iii) Show that after some time rod XY will slide with constant velocity. Determine this velocity.
Explain your working.
velocity = ……………………………………… m s-1 [4]

13
6 A photocell is connected in a series circuit with a variable d.c. power supply and a sensitive ammeter
as shown in Fig. 6.1.
The photocell is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 264 nm and power 3.8 mW
and photoelectrons are emitted. The potential difference V between the collector C and emitter E in the
photocell is adjusted and the photocurrent I is measured. Fig. 6.2 below shows the graph of
I against V.
photocell electromagnetic radiation
Fig. 6.1
I / 10-8 A
0.80
0 V/V
-0.50 0
Fig. 6.2
(a) Explain why the photocurrent does not continue to increase for positive values of V.
………………………………………………………..…..……………………………….…………………
……………………………………………………..……..……………………………..…..………………
…………………………………………………………..…..………………………………….……………
………………………………………………………………………………………….………………. [1]
(b) (i) Determine the energy of a photon of the incident electromagnetic radiation.
energy = …..………………………………… J [1]

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(ii) Calculate the rate at which the photons are incident on the emitter.
rate of photon incidence = …..………………………………… s-1 [2]
(iii) Show that the maximum rate of photoelectron emission is 5.0 x 1010 s-1 .
[1]
(iv) Suggest a reason for the difference between (b)(ii) and your answer in (b)(iii).
………………………………………………………..…..………..……………………….…………
………………………………………………………..…..………..…………………….……………
………………………………………………………..…..………..…………………….……………
……………………………………………………………………..……………………………. [1]
(c) (i) Calculate the work function energy of the emitter.
work function energy = ………………………………………… J [1]
(ii) The emitter is replaced with another emitter of half the work function energy.
On Fig. 6.2, sketch a graph to show the new variation with V of I. [2]
15
7 A solar cell is a device which converts light energy directly into electrical energy. Under the influence
of light, a terminal potential difference (p.d.) is generated across the solar cell. This process is explained
as follows.
A solar cell consists of three main layers: an N-type material layer, a Junction layer, and a P-type
material layer.
There is an electric field across the Junction layer as shown in Fig. 7.1. When photons are incident on
the solar cell, electron-hole pairs are generated in the Junction layer. Holes are positively charged
carriers with charge +e. The electrons and holes move in opposite directions under the influence of the
electric field, which sets up a terminal p.d. across the solar cell.
current
flow
P-type
material
electric field
Junction external
layer circuit
N-type
material
Fig. 7.1
Electron-hole pairs will be generated in the solar cell provided that the incident photon has an energy
greater than a certain value known as the band gap energy of the material used.
The magnitude of the p.d. developed across the terminals of the solar cell depends on the intensity of
light incident onto the solar cell.
The variation of the potential difference V across the cell with current I can be investigated using the
circuit shown in Fig. 7.2.
Fig. 7.2
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16
R is a variable resistor with a maximum resistance of 7.0 . The voltmeter has infinite resistance and
the resistance of the ammeter is negligible.
Fig. 7.3 shows the variation of I with V for a particular cell of surface area 4.0 x 10-4 m2 when illuminated
normally with light intensity 1100 W m-2.
150
125
100
P
I / mA 75
50
25
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
V / mV
Fig. 7.3
(a) (i) State why a p.d. is set up across the solar cell only for a limited range of frequencies of
photons.
………………………………………………………………………..….…….…..…………………
………….…………………………………………………………..….………….…..…………..…
…………………….……………………..…………………………………………………..… [1]
17
(ii) Explain why the p.d. across the solar cell increases with the intensity of the incident light.
………………………………………………………..……………..……………..…………………
…………………………………………………..…………………..……………………….…….…
…………………………………………………..………………..………………..…………………
.…………………………………………………..………………..………………………….………
…………………………………………………..…………………...……….......…..………… [2]
(b) (i) Explain how the graph shows that the e.m.f. of the solar cell is 550 mV.
…………………………………………………..…..……….……………………..…………………
…………………………………………………....……….………………………………….…….…
………………………………………………..…..……………………..…………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Explain why the experiment data needed to be extrapolated to obtain the trend from P to the
point when V = 550 mV.
……………………….…………………….…..……………………………..……………………..
………………………………………….…..…………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………….……………………………..…………………………..
…………………………………………….……..…………………………………………………..
……………………………………………….…..…………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
(c) (i) From Fig. 7.3, determine the power dissipation in the load resistor for point P.
power dissipation = ………………………………..…. W [2]
(ii) On Fig. 7.3, shade an area that represents the power dissipation calculate in (c)(i). [1]
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18
(iii) From Fig. 7.3, estimate the maximum power dissipation in the load resistor. Show your
working.
maximum power = ………………………………….. W [2]
(iv) On Fig. 7.4, sketch the graph of power output Po of the cell against V. Label and include a
suitable scale on the vertical axis.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

V / mV
Fig. 7.4 [2]
(d) Calculate the maximum efficiency of conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
maximum efficiency = ……………………………………… [2]

19
(e) A number of solar cells are connected to a load resistor L as shown in Fig. 7.5.
Fig. 7.5
The resistance of L has been adjusted so that each cell gives the maximum power estimated in
(c)(iii).
Calculate
(i) the potential difference across L,
potential difference = ………………………………. V [1]
(ii) the current through L.
current = .……………………………… A [1]
(f) Suppose each cell is operating at maximum power estimated in (c)(iii). Draw a suitable network
of cells so that the cells may be used to provide an output power of approximately 5 kW at 30 V.
[3]
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20
-- BLANK PAGE --
Higher 2
CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS 2T
PHYSICS 9749/03
Paper 3: Longer Structured Questions 14 September 2020
2 hours

Section A: Answer all questions.
Section B: Answer one question only. Circle the question number attempted in Section B.
You are advised to spend one and a half hours on Section A and half an hour on Section B.

L1 L2 L3
SECTION A
Q1 /8
Q2 /7
Q3 / 10
Q4 / 11
Q5 / 12
Q6 /5
Q7 /7
SECTION B
Q8 / 20
Q9 / 20
PAPER 3 / 80
PAPER 2 / 80
PAPER 1 / 30
TOTAL FOR THEORY / 190

[Turn over
2
PHYSICS DATA:

 (1/(36)) x 10-9 F m-1
PHYSICS FORMULAE:

v2 = u2 + 2 a s
-
r
Temperature T/K = T / ˚C + 273.15
〈c2 〉
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule E = 3
kT
2
=
  x0  x 2
2

4πεo r
2πd
2r
t1
2
3
Section A

1 Fig. 1.1 shows block A of mass 1.5 kg held against a spring with a force F. The spring is compressed
by 2.0 cm.
wall spring
wall
F
A
B
Fig. 1.1
The force F is then removed and the block A accelerates to the right before losing contact with the
spring with a speed of 0.50 m s–1 as shown in Fig. 1.2. Block A collides elastically head-on with block B.
The mass of block B is 0.50 kg.
wall spring 0.50 m s–1 wall
A
B
Fig. 1.2
Air resistance and frictional forces are negligible.
(a) Determine the speed of block B after the collision with block A.
final speed of block B = ………………………………… m s-1 [3]
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4
(b) Fig 1.3 shows the variation with time of the force acting on block A during the collision with block B.
force
time
- Fmax
Fig. 1.3
(i) Sketch on Fig. 1.3, the corresponding graph to show how the force on block B varies with
time during the collision between block A and block B. [1]
(ii) Explain how your graph shows that the total momentum of the blocks remains unchanged
during the collision.
…………………………..……………………………………………………….……….……………
…………………………..……………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………….….…………………
……………………………………………………………….…………………………….…… [2]
(c) Block B hits the wall elastically, rebounds and collides with block A. Block A then moves and
compresses the spring. State, with a reason, whether the maximum compression of the spring
will be greater than, less than or equal to 2.0 cm.
………………………..………………..………………………….…………………………….……………
……………………………………..…………………………………..……….………….…………………
…………………………………..…………….………………………..………………….…………………
…………………………………………..………………………………………...……..….………… [2]

5
2 A block of mass 2m initially rests on a track at the bottom of the circular, vertical loop of radius r as
shown in Fig. 2.1. A bullet of mass m strikes the block horizontally and remains embedded in the block
as the block and bullet circle the loop. Assume frictional force of the loop is negligible.
m
2m
Fig. 2.1
(a) Show that the minimum speed of the block at the top of the loop such that it just completes
the vertical circular motion without falling off the loop is given by
gr
where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
[3]
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6
(b) Derive an expression for the minimum speed of the bullet in order for the block to just
complete the vertical circular motion without falling off the loop.
[4]
7
3 (a) A ball is held between two fixed points A and B by means of two stretched springs as shown in
Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1
The ball is free to oscillate horizontally on the smooth horizontal table. The variation of the
acceleration a of the ball with its displacement x from its equilibrium position is shown in Fig. 3.2.
a / m s-2
15
10
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x / cm
–5
–10
–15
Fig. 3.2
(i) State and explain the features of Fig. 3.2 which indicate that the moving ball is exhibiting
simple harmonic motion.

…………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………….… [2]
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8
(ii) On Fig. 3.3, sketch the variation of the velocity v of the ball with x. Include the values
of the horizontal and vertical intercepts of the graph.
v / m s-1
0 x / cm
Fig. 3.3 [3]
(b) A ball is attached to the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.4 in order to investigate its vertical
oscillations on a spring. The amplitude of the vibrations produced by the oscillator is constant.
pulley variable frequency

oscillator
thread
spring
ball
Fig. 3.4
9
The variation of the amplitude of the oscillations of the ball with the frequency f of the oscillator
is shown in Fig. 3.5. The oscillations are assumed to be simple harmonic.
amplitude / mm
20
15
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 f / Hz
Fig. 3.5
(i) State the natural frequency of the oscillations.
natural frequency = ………………...……………….……… Hz [1]
(ii) Explain why Fig. 3.5 shows that the oscillations are damped.

…………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
………………………………………..…………………………………………………….…… [1]
(iii) On Fig. 3.5, sketch a possible variation of the amplitude of the oscillations of the ball
with f if the oscillations are damped with a greater resistive force. [3]

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10
4 (a) A Keck telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, is the world's largest optical telescope and has a diameter
of 10 m and is set to detect waves of wavelength 600 nm. The distance, in metres, from the aperture
to the viewing screen is L.
(i) Calculate the diffraction angle θmin at which the first minimum of the diffraction pattern is
observed on the viewing screen.
θmin = ………………………………… rad [2]
(ii) Determine, in terms of L, the width of the central bright fringe of the diffraction pattern
width = …………………………………. m [2]
(iii) On Fig. 4.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with diffraction angle θ from the central
maximum of the intensity I of the light on the viewing screen. Include the angles for the
first minima.
intensity I / W m-2
diffraction angle θ / 10-8 rad

[3]
Fig. 4.1
11
(b) A radio telescope at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, has a diameter of 305 m and is designed to detect radio
waves of wavelength 0.75 m.
(i) State two physical quantities that determine the resolving power of the telescope.
quantity 1 : ..…………..…………………….
quantity 2 : ………….....…………………… [2]
(ii) Explain quantitatively whether the Keck telescope used in the detection of light waves has a
higher or lower resolving power compared to the radio telescope used in the detection of radio
waves at Arecibo.
…………………………………………….……………………………………….……….……………
………………………….………………………………………………………….….…………………
………………………….………………………………………………………….….…………………
……………………….…………………………………………………………….….…………………
………………………………………………………………….………………………………… [2]

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12
5 (a) Define potential difference between two points in a circuit.
…...…………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………….…………..……………………….….…………………
………………………………………………………….……………………………..…….….…….. [1]
(b) A thermistor and a variable resistor are connected in a potential divider circuit as shown in
Fig. 5.1.
The battery has an e.m.f. of E, the thermistor has a resistance RT and the variable resistor has a
resistance RV.
This circuit is used to activate an alarm system whenever the ambient temperature rises to a
certain value. The alarm bell will sound if the potential difference across it increases beyond the
pre-set value.
RT RV
Fig. 5.1
(i) State an expression for the potential difference across the variable resistor in terms of
E, RT and RV. [1]
(ii) State and explain across which two terminals, XY or YZ, the alarm bell should be connected
to the circuit in Fig. 5.1.
…...……………………………….…………….……………………………………….……….……
…………………………………….……….…………………..……………………….….….………
…………………………………….……….…………………..……………………….…..…………
…………………………………….……….…………………..…………………………..……….…
………………………………………………………..………………………………….…….. [2]
13
(iii) State and explain the purpose of the variable resistor in the circuit.
…...……………………….……………………………………….…………………….……….……
…………………………….…………………………………...……………………….….….………
………………………………….……………………………...……………………….…..…………
…...…………………………………………………………………………………….………. [2]
(c) Fig. 5.2 shows a potentiometer circuit consisting of a 100 cm length of wire AB and a driver cell
E1 of e.m.f. 2.0 V and of negligible internal resistance.
E1
A B
Fig. 5.2
(i) State the value of the potential gradient along AB.
potential gradient = …………………………….. V cm-1 [1]
(ii) A circuit consisting of a cell E2 and a variable resistor R is now connected to the
potentiometer as shown in Fig. 5.3.
Fig. 5.3
[Turn Over
14
The resistance of R is set to 10.0 Ω and the sliding contact C is adjusted until there is no current
flowing in the galvanometer. The length AC is found to be 60.0 cm.
The resistance of R is now set to 3.0 Ω and the experiment is repeated. The length AC is now
54.0 cm.
Calculate the e.m.f. and internal resistance r of cell E2.
e.m.f. of cell E2 = …………………………………….. V
internal resistance of cell E2 = …………………………………. Ω [5]

15
6 (a) A coil with 500 turns is placed in a uniform magnetic field of flux density 5.0 x 10-2 T. The area of
the coil perpendicular to the field is 2.5 x 10-2 m2, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
Fig. 6.1
Calculate the magnetic flux linkage of the coil. Give an appropriate unit.
magnetic flux linkage = ……………………………… unit: …………………… [1]
(b) The coil in (a) is rotated at a constant angular velocity about the axis in Fig. 6.1.
The flux linkage Φ of the coil varies with time t, as shown in Fig. 6.2.
Fig. 6.2
[Turn Over
16
(i) Calculate the maximum induced electromotive force (e.m.f.).
maximum induced e.m.f. = ………………………………………V [2]
(ii) Calculate the root-mean-square value of the induced e.m.f.
root-mean-square e.m.f. = ………………………………………V [1]
(iii) Explain why the flux linkage changes sinusoidally as the coil is rotated.
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

17
7 Fig. 7.1 shows some of the energy levels of an helium atom.
Fig. 7.1
An electron with kinetic energy of 50.0 eV collides with a helium atom in its ground state and the helium
atom is excited.
(a) (i) In Fig. 7.1, use arrows to show the possible energy transitions when the excited helium
atom de-excites. [2]
(ii) Calculate the shortest wavelength of the radiation that is emitted from the transitions in
(a)(i).
shortest wavelength = …………….…………………….. m [2]
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18
(b) When a beam of white light is passed through a cold helium gas, an absorption spectrum of
coloured background with dark lines is observed.
Use Fig. 7.1 to explain quantitatively why one of the dark lines correspond to a wavelength of
471 nm.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

19
Section B
Answer one question from this Section in the spaces provided.
8 (a) Two ions S and T, each of negative charge –q, are held stationary at a distance of 2.0 cm from
each other as shown in Fig. 8.1. P1 is the midpoint between S and T.
Fig. 8.1
State what it means by
(i) the electric field strength at P1,
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
………………………………………………….………………………………….….…………………
………………………………………………….………………………………….….…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) the electric potential at P1.
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...……….. [1]
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20
(b) The value of q is known to be 1.6 x 10-19 C. A third ion R of positive charge +q is introduced into
the system at a distance of 4.0 cm from ions S and T as shown in Fig. 8.2. All three ions are held
stationary.
P2 is the midpoint between R and T.
Fig. 8.2
(i) Calculate the amount of work done required to assemble R.
work done = ………………………..…………… J [3]
(ii) Without calculations, explain whether the work done required is more or less if R were to be
placed at P2 instead.
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
21
(iii) With reference to the direction of the electric field strength along RP1, describe the variation
of electric potential along the line joining ion R to the point P1.
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….………… [2]
(c) (i) Show that the magnitude of the electric field strength that R experiences for the ion assembly
in Fig. 8.2 is given by 1.74 x 10-6 N C-1.
[4]
(ii) R is subsequently released.
Hence, calculate
1. the magnitude and state the direction of the resultant force on R just as it is
released,
force = ………………………………… N
direction : ……………….……………………………… [3]
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22
2. the magnitude of the initial acceleration of R if it has a mass of 2.58 × 10−26 kg.
acceleration = ………………………………… m s-2 [2]
(d) Suggest with a reason, the subsequent motion of R after passing through the line joining S and T.
……………………….……………………………………………….………………….……….……………
……………………….………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
………………………….……………………………………………………………….…..…………………
………………………….……………………………………………………………………….……… [2]
23
9 (a) Distinguish between gravitational field strength and acceleration of free fall.
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….….… [2]
(b) Assuming Earth to be a sphere, explain with the help of free body diagrams, the difference in the
weight of a person measured on an electronic balance at the poles and at the equator.
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
………………………………………………………………………….……………………….……… [5]
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24
(c) Assuming Earth to be a sphere of radius 6.4 x 106 m, calculate the mass of Earth.
mass of Earth = ………………………………………. kg [2]
(d) Calculate the radius of the orbit of a geostationary satellite.
radius = ………………………………….. m [3]
(e) (i) A space mission is to launch a space shuttle from Earth. The space shuttle comprise of a
land rover to be delivered to the moon.
Using the answer in part (c), calculate the distance from the centre of Earth where the
resultant gravitational field strength due to the Earth and the Moon is zero.
The mass of the Moon is 7.4 x 1022 kg and distance between centres of the Earth and the
Moon is 3.8 x 108 m.
distance from centre of Earth = ……………………………………… m [3]

25
(ii) On Fig. 9.1, sketch the variation of gravitational potential between the surface of
Earth and the surface of the moon.
Include the value obtained in (e)(i).
 
Earth
Moon
distance from
centre of
Earth / m
Fig. 9.1 [2]
(iii) Calculate the minimum launch speed of the space shuttle from Earth such that the space
shuttle will be able to reach the surface of the moon.
minimum launch speed = ………………………..……………… m s1 [3]
[Turn Over
26
-- Blank Page --
1
NAME CLASS 2T

Higher 2

PHYSICS 9749/01
Paper 1: Multiple Choice 18 September 2020
1 hour
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Write your name and tutorial group on this cover page.

Write and/or shade your name, NRIC / FIN number and HT group on the Answer Sheet (OMR sheet), unless
this has been done for you.
Write in soft pencil.
Answer all 30 questions in this paper.

For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and
record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet (OMR sheet).
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet carefully.
Each correct answer will be awarded one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is permitted, where appropriate.
MARK SCHEME

[Turn over
2
PHYSICS DATA:

 (1/(36)) x 10-9 F m-1
PHYSICS FORMULAE:

v2 = u2 + 2 a s
-
r
temperature T / K = T / ˚C + 273.15
〈c 2 〉
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas E = 3
molecule
kT
2
=
  x0  x 2
2

4πεo r
2πd
2r
t1
2
3
1 Which of the following is not a reasonable estimate?
A The power of an electric iron is 1 kW.

B The weight of a man on the Moon is 100 N.
C The momentum of a tennis ball served by a professional tennis player is 4 N s.
D The kinetic energy of a double-decker bus moving at a constant speed on an expressway
is 50 kJ.
Answer: D
Usual electric iron power is between 1000 – 1800 W. Reasonable.
On moon, g is approximately 1.6 m s-2. W = 100 N on moon translates to m is approximately

63 kg. Reasonable.
Tennis ball m is approximately 60 g. p = 4 N s translates to v is approximately 67 m s-1 is

approximately 240 km h-1. Reasonable.
Bus m is approximately 10000 kg, KE is approximately 50 kJ translates to v is approximately

3.2 m s-1 is approximately 11 km h-1. Not reasonable.
2 Four students A, B, C and D measured the potential difference across an electric component.
Each student obtained five sets of data for the potential difference.
If the actual potential difference is 1.65  102 V, which student’s measurement was accurate
but not precise?
Potential difference / 102 V Mean / 10-2 V
A 1.61 1.65 1.65 1.58 1.61 1.62
B 1.66 1.68 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.65
C 1.65 1.64 1.65 1.65 1.66 1.65
D 1.69 1.70 1.69 1.70 1.69 1.69

Answer: B

Student A’s results: mean value = 1.62 x 10-2 V, spread = 0.07 x 10-2 V
Student B’s results: mean value = 1.65 x 10-2 V, spread = 0.05 x 10-2 V
Student C’s results: mean value = 1.65 x 10-2 V, spread = 0.02 x 10-2 V
Student D’s results: mean value = 1.69 x 10-2 V, spread = 0.01 x 10-2 V
The actual potential difference is 1.65  102 V
Hence, student B’s results are accurate (low systematic errors, mean value close to actual
value) but not precise (high random errors, large spread).

4
3 A boat moves at velocity of 4 m s-1 due south in still water across a lake. It then experiences
a current flowing towards the west. The velocity of the boat changes to 7 m s-1.
What is the change in the velocity of the boat due to the current?
A 3 m s-1 due west

B 3 m s-1 due west of south
C 6 m s-1 due west
D 6 m s-1 due west of south
Answer: C
Boat’s final velocity must be due west of south.
Direction of change in velocity must be that of the current’s direction, i.e. due west.
vi = 4 m s-1, - vi , vf = 7 m s-1,
south north west of south
∆v, west
∆v = vf – vi = vf +(– vi)
west
- vi ,
vf ,
north
west of south
Magnitude of change in velocity, I∆v| = |vf 2 | |vi 2 | 72 42 = 6 m s-1

5
4 Two cars are initially side-by-side and at rest. They then accelerate in the same direction along
the same straight line at different uniform rates. After 4.0 s, one of the cars is 12 m ahead of
the other.
If they continue to accelerate at the same rate, how far apart will they be 6.0 s after they
started?
A 15 m B 18 m C 22 m D 27 m
Answer: D
Method 1 (graphical method)
v
Distance apart at 4 s = Shaded area A = 12 m
Distance apart at 6 s = Shaded areas A and B
By similar triangles,
𝟐
B 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 𝟒
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑩 𝟔
A 𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑩 𝟔
t
0 4 6 𝟐
𝟔
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑩 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟕 𝒎
𝟒
Method 2 (using kinematics equations)
Using S = ut + ½ at2
Since they both start from rest, u = 0.
At t = 4 s, S1 – S2 = ½ a1 (4)2 – ½ a2 (4)2 = 12 m
Hence a1 – a2 = 24/16
At t = 6s, S1 – S2 = ½ a1 (6)2 – ½ a2 (6)2 = ½ (6)2 (a1 – a2) = 27 m
6
5 A tennis ball of mass 0.060 kg is moving normally towards a racket with an initial velocity of
5.0 m s-1 and rebounds in the opposite direction.
The force of the racket exerted on the tennis ball varies with time as shown.
force / N
150
0
40 time / ms
What is the final velocity of the ball when it leaves the racket?
A 45 m s-1 B 50 m s-1 C 55 m s-1 D 95 m s-1

Answer: A
Take final velocity direction as positive direction.
Area under the force-time graph represents the impulse on the tennis ball.
𝐹∆𝑡 ∆𝑝
1
0.040 150 𝑚∆𝑣
2
3 0.060 𝑣 5.0
𝑣 45 𝑚𝑠
7
6 A tower is pulled by a bundle of steel cables anchored to the ground, as shown by the
simplified sketch below.
tower
steel cables
ground
The tower is acted upon by three forces. Which diagram could show the position and
direction of each of the forces when the tower is in equilibrium?
A B
C D
Answer: A
If 3 coplanar and non-parallel forces act on a body which is in equilibrium, the lines of action
of all 3 forces must pass through a common point. C and D are eliminated.
Option B is incorrect as the steel cable is in tension not compression and there is a net force
to the right and therefore the tower would not be in equilibrium.
8
7 A diving board of length 5.0 m is hinged at one end and supported 2.0 m from this end by a
spring of spring constant 10 kN m–1. A child of mass 40 kg stands at the far end of the board.
What is the compression of the spring caused by the child standing on the end of the board?
A 1.0 cm B 1.6 cm C 9.8 cm D 16 cm

Answer: C
Taking moments about hinge,

Sum of anticlockwise moments = Sum of clockwise moments
5.0(40 x 9.81) = 2.0 F
5.0(40 x 9.81) = 2.0 (10 000)x
x = 0.0981 m = 9.81 cm = 9.8 cm
where F = kx
9
8 The diagram shows the velocity-time graph of a 500 kg elevator during its upward motion.
What is the maximum power generated by the engine of the elevator?
A 7810 W B 9310 W C 9810 W D 10300 W

Answer: D
Let T be the upward pull by the elevator cable on the elevator.
Power = Tv
P is max when product Tv is max.
T is max when elevator’s acceleration is upwards, i.e. from t = 0 s to 4.0 s.
Maximum power generated just before t = 4.0 s, when speed is max.
T  mg  ma
 2.0 
T  ma  mg  500   9.81
 4.0 
 2.0 
Pmax  Tv  500   9.81  2.0   10310  10300 W
 4.0 
10
9 Two identical objects, P and Q, are placed on a flat rough circular disc. Q is at a further
distance from the centre of the disc compared to P.
axis
P Q
The disc starts spinning from rest about its central axis with increasing speed. At a certain
speed, one of the objects starts to slide off the disc.
Q slides off the disc first because
A the friction experienced by P and Q are always equal.
B it moves with a larger angular velocity compared to P.
C it requires greater friction to keep it in its position compared to P.
D the friction experienced by P is larger than Q before one of the objects slide off the disc.
Answer: C
Fc = mrω2
Both objects have the same mass and same angular velocity, but the centripetal force required
for Q’s circular motion is larger due to larger radius.
When the centripetal force required exceeds the maximum static friction available, Q starts to
slide.
11
10 P and Q are two points above Earth’s surface at distances r and 2r respectively from the
centre of the Earth.
2r
Earth
r

The gravitational potential at P is 800 kJ kg-1. What is the gain in gravitational potential
energy of a 2 kg mass when it is moved from P to Q?
A - 400 kJ B - 200 kJ C 400 kJ D 800 kJ

Answer: D
Since the distance from earth changes from r to 2r, the gravitational potential at Q is
400 kJ kg-1.
Gain in gravitational potential energy

= final GPE – initial GPE
= 2.00 ( -400 – (-800) )
= 800 kJ
11 Planet X has a density of  and radius of R. The gravitational acceleration at its surface is a.
What is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of Planet Y which has a density of 2 and
radius of 2R?
A 0.5 a B a C 2a D 4a
Answer: D
4
G (  R 3 )
GM GV 3 4GR
a 2  2  2

R R R 3
a  R
Since  and R is doubled, a’ is 4 a.

12
12 A particle of mass 5.0 × 10-3 kg performing simple harmonic motion of amplitude 150 mm
takes 47 s to make 50 oscillations.
What is the maximum kinetic energy of the particle?
A 2.0 × 10-3 J B 2.5 × 10-3 J C 3.9 × 10-3 J D 5.0 × 10-3 J

Answer: B
Frequency = 50/47 Hz
1 2 1 2
KEmax = m(ωx0 ) = m(2πfx0 )
2 2
= (0.5)( 5.0 × 10-3)(2π (50/47)(150 x 10-3))2
= 2.5 x 10-3 J
13 Which of the following statements is true for a stationary sound wave?
A The pressure at a displacement node is always very high.

B The pressure at a displacement antinode is always very high.
C The pressure at a displacement node fluctuates between high to low.
D A stationary wave can be formed by two waves with the same amplitude and frequency,
travelling at the same direction towards a point.
Answer: C
Displacement node is the location of pressure antinode for sound wave. By definition,
pressure antinode is the location where the pressure fluctuate from the highest to the
lowest.
13
14 In the figure below, graph C shows how the pressure of a fixed mass of an ideal gas varies with
its volume at a constant temperature.
B
Pressure
Volume
If a similar ideal gas with double the mass is used and the experiment is conducted at the
original constant temperature, which curve (A, B, C or D) gives the variation of the gas pressure
with its volume?
Answer: B
pV = nRT
When mass is doubled for the same gas, n is doubled.
At the same T, product pV remains constant, but is doubled for the 2nd gas.
 For the same V, p is doubled.
14
15 An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process in three stages:
(1) Expansion at constant pressure,

(2) Decrease in pressure at constant volume,
(3) Compression at constant temperature.
Which of the following must be true?
A There is net heat released by the gas during the cycle.

B The net work done on the gas during the cycle is positive.
C The net work done by the gas during the cycle is equal to the net heat transferred to the
gas.
D The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the constant
pressure stage minus the work done during the constant temperature stage.
Answer: C
Represent the cyclic process on a p-V diagram:
(i)
(iii) (ii) T2 > T1

T1
0 V
From the p-V diagram there is NET work done BY gas during the cycle, so net W is negative
 Eliminate option B.
Since net work done is non-zero, Option D would imply that ∆U is non-zero but in fact per cycle
∆U is zero.
Per cycle, ∆U = 0
 Eliminate option D.
By ∆U = Q + W, 0 = Q + (negative value), so net Q is positive which implies that there is net

heat transferred TO the gas during the cycle
 Eliminate option A.
Conversely, option C is correct.

15
16 A beam of plane-polarised light of intensity I falls normally onto a thin sheet of polaroid.
3
If the transmitted beam has an intensity of I , what is the angle between the plane of
4
polarisation of the incident beam and the polarising axis of the polaroid?
A 30° B 41° C 45° D 60°
L2 Answer: A
Using Malus’ Law,

Itransmitted = I0 cos2 θ
3
I = Icos2 θ
4
3
cos2 θ =
4
√3
cosθ =
2
θ = 30°

17 A hemispherical bowl of radius 200 mm is completely filled with water at rest. If its side is
tapped gently, a circular water wave pulse can be produced on the surface of the water which
travels inwards with a speed of 250 mm s-1.
What is the radius of the pulse and its direction of travel one second after the pulse is
produced?
A zero, stationary
B 50 mm, inwards
C 50 mm, outwards
D 100 mm, outwards
L2 Answer: C
After 1 second, the wave would have travelled a total distance of 250 mm.
However, since the radius of the bowl is 200 mm, there will be a reflection of the wave
at the centre of the bowl when the wave has travelled 200 mm.
The wave would have then travelled outward for 50 mm. Thus, the radius of the circle
will be 50 mm.

16
18 A stationary wave is formed on a stretched string of length L between two points as shown
below.

Particles Q and R on the string are separated by distance s. The total energy of Q and of R
are EQ and ER respectively.
Which of the following gives the correct phase difference between Q and R, and the
relationship between EQ and ER?
phase difference / rad total energy
2s
A π EQ = ER
L
2s
B π EQ < ER
L
C π EQ = ER
D π EQ < ER
Answer: D
Since Q and R are in adjacent segments of the same stationary wave, they are π radians apart.
As Q has a smaller amplitude compared to R, it has a smaller total energy.

17
19 Light of wavelength λ is incident normally on a diffraction grating of slit spacing five times the
wavelength of the light.
What is the angle of diffraction of the second order maximum?
A 12° B 24° C 37° D 45°
Answer: B
dsinθ=nλ
nλ
sinθ=
d
2λ
=
5λ
2
=
5
θ = 24°

20 The figure below shows two horizontal parallel metal plates. The upper plate is maintained at
a higher potential relative to the lower plate.
Line XY is inclined at an angle θ to the metal plates.
Which of the following graphs best shows the variation of electric potential V with distance r
from X along the line XY?
A B
18
C D
Answer: B
Since θ and E are constant, V has a linear relationship to r, eliminating options C and D. E is
the electric field strength between the plates.
Furthermore, X is at a higher potential compared to Y. Therefore, option A is not correct.
Mathematical proof
Point P on XY is defined to be at a perpendicular distance rsinθ from the upper plate.
∆VX→P
EP =
rsinθ
∆VX→P = EP rsinθ
= r EP sinθ
Therefore, the graph’s equation is given by
V = VP
= VX ∆VX→P
= VX r EP sinθ
Since EP is the same at all points in a uniform field and sinθ is a constant, the equation
above can be simplified to
V = VX kr
where k and VX are constants.

19
21 Two charges are fixed at a distance of 1.0 mm apart as shown below.
-1
A uniform electric field with field strength 4.0 N C is applied in the direction from left to right.
Which statement describes the net force and torque experienced by the pair of charges?
A No net force and no torque acts.

B No net force acts and the torque is 8.0×10-12 N m in the clockwise direction.
C A net force of 3.6 x 10-14 N acts and the torque is 4.0×10-12 N m in the clockwise direction
D A net force of 3.6 x 10-14 N acts and the torque is 8.0×10-12 N m in the clockwise direction
Answer: B
An electric dipole context where the two charges are connected by an electric force of
attraction
torque = qEd
= 2.0×10-9 4.0 1.0×10-3
= 8.0×10-12 N m
20
22 A battery causes a current of 3 A to flow through a metal wire of diameter 2.0 mm. The number
density of the free electrons in the metal wire is 8.5 x1028 m-3.
What is the average speed of the electrons drifting along the wire?
A 2.0 x 10−11 m s-1 B 2.0 x 10−5 m s-1 C 7.0 x 10−11 m s-1 D 7.0 x 10−5 m s-1
Answer: D
I = nAvq
3 = (8.5 x 1028 )( x 0.00102)v (1.60 x 10-19)
v = 7.0 x 10−5 m s-1
23 A heater of resistance 5.0 Ω dissipates 125 W of power when current flows through it. The
amount of energy converted to heat when 0.4 C of charge passes through it is
A 2J B 10 J C 50 J D 625 J
Answer: B
𝑉
𝑃 ⟹ 𝑉 125 5 ⟹ 𝑝. 𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑉 √625 25 𝑉
𝑅
𝑊
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑉 ⟹ 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡, 𝑊 𝑉𝑄 25 0.4 10 𝐽
𝑄
21
24 A flat circular coil M is mounted co-axially inside another flat circular coil N. N has three times
the radius of M.
N
M
. 3r
r
The two coils are connected in series to the same power supply. At the centre of the two coils,
the magnetic field created by M is opposite in direction to the magnetic field created by N.
What is the ratio of the number of turns of coil M to the number of turns of coil N to create zero
magnetic flux density at the centre?
A 1:3 B 2:3 C 3:1 D 3:2
Answer: A
𝝁𝒐 𝑵𝑰
For flat circular coil, at its CENTRE: 𝑩
𝟐𝑹
For resultant flux density at the centre to zero for both coils,
BN and BM at the centre must be equal in magnitude.
In series implies same magnitude of current 𝑰 flows in both coils.
BN = BM
𝝁𝒐 𝑵𝑵 𝑰 𝝁𝒐 𝑵𝑴 𝑰
𝟐 𝟑𝒓 𝟐 𝒓
𝑵𝑵 𝑵𝑴
𝟑 𝟏
𝑵𝑴 𝟏
𝑵𝑵 𝟑
22
25 In a velocity selection, positively charged particles +q enter an electric field of strength E and
a magnetic field of flux density B that are applied perpendicularly to each other in the same
region. Particles which are travelling at speed v are undeflected by the cross-fields.
Which of the following is necessarily true?
A To select particles of charge –q with speed v, there is a need to reverse the direction of
either E or B.
B To select charged particles with speed 2v, with the magnitude of B unchanged, the
magnitude of E needs to be doubled.
C For particles of charge -q, there is a need to reverse the directions of both E and B in
order to select the particles with speed v.
D If the magnitude of charge doubles, the magnitudes of the electric field strength and
magnetic flux density cannot remain as E and B to select the particles with speed v.
Answer: B
For the charged particles to be undeflected by the crossed-fields,

F E = FB
qE = Bqv
v = E/B
Option A – False. If the charge is of opposite polarity, with no change made at all to E and B,
the direction of both forces reverse, equilibrium of forces to select those with speed v is still
achieved.
Option B – True. Since v = E/B.
Option C – False. Because with directions of E and B maintained, particles of speed v can still
be selected.
Option D – False. If q doubles, FE and FB increase by the same factor. q has no effect on the
selected speed.
26 A copper disc spins freely between the poles of an electromagnet at a constant speed. P and
Q are two metallic brushes making contact with the axle and the edge of the disc as shown in
the diagram. A resistor R is connected across P and Q.
23
N
Q
S
electromagnet
A A current flows from P through R to Q, and P is at a higher potential then Q.

B A current flows from Q through R to P, and Q is at a higher potential then P.
C A current flows from P to Q in the disc, and P is at a higher potential then Q.
D A current flows from Q to P in the disc, and Q is at a higher potential then P.
Answer: A
Using Fleming’s RH Rule, induced current flows from the edge of the disc to the axle, i.e. Q to
P.
Current then flows through the external circuit from P through R to Q and returns back to the
disc.
Magnetic force causes the free electrons in the disc to drift towards the edge, so the edge
becomes more negatively charged compared to the axle which becomes more electron
deficient. Hence P is higher potential than Q.
[Recall also that current flows from higher to lower potential in the external circuit, but from
lower to higher potential within a source of e.m.f.]
24
27 A sinusoidal alternating current I / A varies with time t / s according to the equation
I = 2.0 sin (100πt)
This current is allowed to pass through a resistor of resistance 5.0 Ω.
Which of the following shows how the power P / W dissipated in the resistor varies with t / s?
A P/W
B P/W
20 20
0.010 0.020 t / s 0.020 0.040 t / s
C P/W
D P/W
20 20
0.010 0.020 t/s 0.020 0.040 t/s
Answer: A
From the equation, compare with the general equation: I = Io sin (ωt)
Io = 2.0 A and ω = 100π
Po = Io2 R = (2.02)(5.0) = 20 W
T = 2π/ω = 2π/100π = 0.020 s
P-t graph is a sine-squared function.

25
28 The primary coil of an ideal transformer has 1000 turns and is connected to a sinusoidal
a.c. supply. The secondary coil has 40 turns and is connected to an ideal diode and a load.
a.c. supply load

1000 turns 40 turns
12 W
If the root-mean-square (r.m.s) voltage across the load is 6.5 V and the mean power dissipated
in the load is 12 W, what is the r.m.s current in the primary coil?
A 0.026 A B 0.074 A C 0.10 A D 0.15 A
Answer: C
〈𝑷〉 𝟏𝟐
On the secondary side, at the load, 𝑰𝑳 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝟔𝟐 𝑨
𝑽𝑳 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝟔.𝟓
Since the current at the load is Half-wave rectified, it can be shown that
𝑰𝑳 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌 𝟐 𝑰𝑳 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌
𝑰𝑳 𝒓𝒎𝒔 ⟹ 𝑰𝑳 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌 𝟐 . 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝟔𝟐 𝟑. 𝟔𝟗𝟐𝟑 𝑨
𝟒 𝟐
On the secondary side before the diode, the current is Full-wave sinusoidal A.C.,
𝑰𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌 𝟑. 𝟔𝟗𝟐𝟑
𝑰𝑺 𝒓𝒎𝒔 ⟹ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝑨
√𝟐 √𝟐
Therefore using
𝑰𝑷 𝑵𝑺
𝑰𝑺 𝑵𝑷
𝟒𝟎
𝑰𝒑 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟑 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝑨
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
26
2 The x-ray spectrum of a metal target is shown in the figure below.

9
intensity
 / 10-11 m
36 60 70

A The smallest wavelength detected, 36 x 10-11 m, is dependent on the target material.
B The graph shows that electrons with a range of kinetic energies are used to bombard the
target.
C The locations of the peaks can be used to identify the element that the target material is
made of.
D The position of the peaks allow us to calculate the energy of the electrons used to bombard
the target.
Answer: C
Option A is not correct because minimum wavelength (cut-off wavelength) depends on the
maximum energy of the incident electrons and independent of the target material.
Option B is not correct because since the X-ray spectra will always contain bremsstrahlung
radiation whether the electrons bombarding the metal target has a single energy or have a
range of energies.
Option D is not correct because the position (wavelength) corresponding to the characteristic
peaks is dependent only on the kind of target and not on the energy of the incoming electrons.
27
30 A photon of wavelength 555.00 nm, measured to an accuracy of 0.01 nm.
What is the minimum uncertainty in the location of the photon?
A 6.6  10−23 m B 1.0 × 10−11 m C 3.1  10−2 m D 3.0  10−1 m

Answer: C
De Broglie Wavelength,
ℎ
𝑝
𝜆
∆𝑝 ∆ℎ ∆𝜆 ∆𝜆
𝑝 ℎ 𝜆 𝜆
∆𝜆 0.01 6.63 𝑥 10
∆𝑝 𝑝 2.1524 𝑥 10 𝑁𝑚
𝜆 555.00 555.00 𝑥 10
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle,
∆𝑝∆𝑥 ≳ ℎ
2.1524 𝑥 10 ∆𝑥 ≳ 6.63 𝑥 10
∆𝑥 ≳ 3.1 𝑥 10 𝑚
-- END OF PAPER 1 –
1

Higher 2
CANDIDATE
NAME MARK SCHEME
CLASS 2T
PHYSICS 9749/02
Paper 2: Structured Questions 27 August 2020
2 hours

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

Answer all questions.

L1 L2 L3
Q1 /9
Q2 /8
Q3 / 11
Q4 / 10
Q5 / 12
Q6 /9
Q7 / 21
PAPER 2 / 80

[Turn over
2
PHYSICS DATA:

 (1/(36)) x 10-9 F m-1
rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg
PHYSICS FORMULAE:

v2 = u2 + 2 a s
gravitational potential Gm
 = -
r
temperature T/K = T / ˚C + 273.15
pressure of an ideal gas 1 Nm 2
p = 〈c 〉
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule 3
E = kT
2
  x0  x 2
2
=
electric potential Q
V =
4πεo r
magnetic flux density due to a long straight wire μo I
B =
2πd
magnetic flux density due to a flat circular coil μo NI
B =
2r
decay constant ln 2
λ = t1
2
3
1 (a) A ball is kicked from horizontal ground towards a vertical wall, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
The horizontal distance between the initial position of the ball and the base of the wall is 24 m.
The ball is kicked with an initial velocity v at an angle of 28° above the horizontal. The ball hits
the wall after a time of 1.50 s. Air resistance is negligible.
(i) Calculate the initial horizontal component vX of the velocity of the ball.
vX = ……………………… m s-1 [1]

sX 24
vX = = = 16 m s-1
t 1.50 1
(ii) Show that the initial vertical component vY of the velocity of the ball is 8.5 m s–1.
[1]
v
vY
28°
vX
tan 28° = vY / vX
vY = vX tan 28° = (16) tan 28° = 8.5 m s-1 (shown) 1

OR
vX = v cos 28° --- (1)

vY = v sin 28° --- (2)
(2)/(1): tan 28° = vY / vX

vY = vX tan 28° = (16) tan 28° = 8.5 m s-1 (shown) (1)
(iii) Calculate the time taken for the ball to reach its maximum height above the ground.
time = ……………………… s [2]

4
Use vY, final = vY, initial + aY t --- (1)
Take vectors upwards as positive.
At maximum height, vY, final = 0
Free fall, so aY = -9.81 m s-2
vY, initial = vY from (a)(ii) = +8.5 m s-1
Sub into (1): 0 = 8.5 + (-9.81)t 1
t = 8.5 / 9.81 = 0.86646 = 0.87 s (2 s.f.) 1
(iv) The ball is kicked at time t = 0. Assume that the vertical component vY of the velocity of
the ball is positive in the upwards direction. On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with time t
of vY for the time until the ball hits the wall. Label this graph Q.
Fig. 1.2 [1]
Solution:
8.5
1.50
0.87
- 6.0
 Straight line from (0, +8.5) and crosses t-axis at (0.87, 0). 1
5
(v) Use your graph in Fig. 1.2 to estimate the height of the wall.
height of wall = ……………………… m [2]

Height of wall = Net change in displacement of the ball
= Total area bounded by the graph and t-axis
= ½ (0.87)(8.5) – ½ (6.0)(1.50-0.87) M1
= 1.9075 = 1.9 m (2 s.f.)
A1
(b) On Fig. 1.2, sketch a possible vY against t graph if air resistance acts on the ball. Assume
the ball does not reach the ground before 1.50s. Label this graph R. [2]
Solution:
8.5
1.50
0.87
- 6.0
 Reaches max height earlier, so vy = 0 at earlier t (t < 0.87 s)

 Before max height, greater magnitude of acceleration, so steeper gradient
(more negative)
 At vy=0, gradients of both graphs are equal.
 After max height, smaller magnitude of acceleration, so gentler gradient (less
negative but not zero).
 Net area under graph should be estimated less than net area under original
graph, since ball hits wall at a lower height.
 Area under graph before max. height reached is greater than or equal to area
under graph after max height reached (since ball either hit the wall at its base, 1
or some distance above its base). 1
6
2 (a) Explain the origin of upthrust acting on a body in a fluid.
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
Fluid pressure increases (directly proportional) with depth in the fluid. 1
This pressure differences results in a net upward force exerted by the fluid on the body,
which is known as upthrust. 1
(b) In order to lift a submerged load of 600 kg from a seabed, a lifting bag made of an elastic
material of negligible mass is filled with air and attached to the load, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The
density of seawater is 1050 kg m3 and the lifting bag contains 0.700 m3 of air of density
1.27 kg m3 such that the load ascends with a constant speed.
The volume of the load is negligible compared to the volume of the lifting bag.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
lifting bag filled with air
- - - -seawater
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
load
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
sea bed
(i) Calculate the upthrust on the lifting bag when its volume is 0.700 m3.
Upthrust = Weight of seawater displaced

= density × volume × g
= 1050 x 0.700 x 9.81 1
= 7210.35 = 7210 N 1
upthrust = …………………. N [2]

7
(ii) Calculate the total drag force on the bag and load. [2]
U = mg + FD
FD = 7210.35 – 600 × 9.81 1

= 1.32 × 103 N 1
total drag force = …………………. N [2]
(iii) Explain why in practice, to maintain a constant speed of ascent, air has to be released
continuously from the lifting bag. Temperature change during the ascent is negligible.
…………………………………………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
Net force must remain equal to zero.
Since the drag force and weight constant, upthrust must be constant and hence the
volume of the lifting bag must be constant. 1
As fluid pressure decreases as the bag ascends, the volume of air in the bag increases.
Therefore, air has to be let out so as to maintain constant volume of the bag. 1
8
3 (a) State the principle of superposition.
…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………
………………………………………………………………………………….………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
Solution:
The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves of the same nature
meet at a point, 1
the resultant displacement is the vector sum of the individual displacements due to each
wave at that point. 1
(b) Interference effects are produced on a viewing screen as a result of interference of the direct waves
from a 500 nm electromagnetic wave source S and reflected waves from the mirror as shown in
Fig. 3.1.
Points P and Q are at minimum intensity and there is only one point between P and Q which is at
a maximum intensity.
S is placed 100 m to the left of the screen and 1.0 cm above the mirror.
(i) Explain why P is at a minimum intensity.
……………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
……………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……… [1]
1
9
Solution:
The direct and reflected waves arrive at P in antiphase, undergoing destructive

interference.
(ii) Calculate the distance y. Explain your working.

y = …………………… mm [3]
y = fringe separation
λD
y=
a
500×10-9 100
y= 1
2 × 1.0×10-2 1
= 2.5×10-3 m 2.5 mm 1
(iii) Describe and explain the changes observed at point P, if any, as a result of the following
changes made independently to the experiment.
1. Source S is gradually shifted vertically further away from the mirror.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….……………………….
………………………………………………………………….………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
As S is shifted away gradually, the PATH difference between the direct wave and
the reflected wave arriving at P will increase continuously. 1
This causes the PHASE difference between the waves at P to change continuously
from 180° to 0°, back to 180° and so on. 1
Thus alternating instances of constructive and destructive interferences will occur

at P.
As a result, alternating instances of brightening and dimming of the light intensity

will be observed at P. 1
10
2. The mirror is replaced by a black cardboard.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
……………………………………………………….…………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….……………………………………… [2]
Solution:
The black cardboard is a very poor reflector of light (OR absorbs most of the light
wave incident on it rather than reflect the wave). 1
Thus interference between waves are no longer observable. P which was initially
experience destructive interference will now appear brighter. 1
[OR Thus the reflected wave will have significantly lower amplitude compared to
the direct wave arriving at P. At P, destructive interference results in an intensity
that is very similar to the intensity due to one wave only, so P appears brighter than
before.]
4 (a) (i) State what is meant by the internal energy of a system.
………………………………………………………………………………..….…………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….……..……………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
Solution:
sum of the random kinetic and potential energies of the individual

atoms/molecules/particles of the system 1
(ii) Explain why, for an ideal gas, the change in internal energy is directly proportional to the
change in thermodynamic temperature of the gas.
…………………………………………………………...…………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
………………………………………………………………..……………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………..………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
In an ideal gas, no intermolecular forces so potential energy between
atoms/molecules equal to zero.
Thus internal energy is solely due to kinetic energy of the atoms/molecules. 1

11
(Mean) kinetic energy of atoms/molecules is proportional to the (thermodynamic)

temperature of the gas. 1
Therefore the change in internal energy is proportional to the change in

thermodynamic temperature of the gas. 1
(iii) A box, filled with an ideal gas, is rapidly accelerated horizontally from rest.
direction of acceleration
back wall box filled with front wall

an ideal gas
Fig. 4.1
Suggest, with a reason, how the internal energy of the gas would vary from the back wall to
the front wall of the box during the acceleration.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
Solution:
Region of sudden compression at the BACK  work done on gas  gain energy;
Region of sudden expansion at the FRONT  work done by gas lose energy 1
(Assuming adiabatic process), the internal energy decreases from back towards the
front. 1
(b) A cylinder of volume 1.8 × 104 cm3 contains helium gas at pressure 6.4 × 106 Pa and temperature
25°C. The root-mean-square speed of the helium gas atoms is 336 m s-1. Helium gas may be
considered to be an ideal monatomic gas.
(i) Calculate the number of helium atoms in the cylinder.
number = ……………………… [2]

Solution:
pV = NkT
(6.4 x 106)(1.8 × 104 x 10-6) = N (1.38 x 10-23)(25 + 273.15) 1
N = 2.7999 x 1025 = 2.8 x 1025 1
OR
12
pV = nRT (1)
(6.4 x 106)(1.8 × 104 x 10-6) = n (8.31)(25 + 273.15)
n = 46.496
N = n x NA
= 46.496 x (6.02 x 1023) (1)
= 2.7991 x 1025 = 2.8 x 1025
(ii) Calculate the density of helium atoms in the cylinder.
density = ………………………kg m-3 [2]

Solution:
p= 〈𝑐 〉 𝜌〈𝑐 〉 where 〈𝑐 〉 336

1
(6.4 x 106) = 𝜌 (336 )
ρ = 170.07 = 170 kg m-3 1
5 (a) Twin core cable, consisting of a ‘live’ wire and a ‘neutral’ wire, is commonly used for wiring
applications. Current is supplied via the ‘live’ wire from an electrical power source to the
appliance. Current then flows via the ‘neutral’ wire back to the electrical power source.
The twin core cable shown in Fig 5.1 consists of two thin wires whose centres are 5.0 mm apart.
Each wire carries a current of 0.25 A.
Permeability of the insulating material, μ = 1.3 x 10-6 H m-1.
‘live’ wire ‘neutral’ wire
5.0 mm insulating
material
Fig 5.1
(i) State whether the force between the wires is attractive or repulsive.
………………………………………………………………………………………...…….. [1]
Solution:
Repulsion 1
13
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the force per unit length on each wire.
force per unit length = ………………………N m-1 [3]

Solution:
The magnetic flux density at one wire due to the other wire is,
𝜇𝐼
B
2𝜋𝑑 1
. .
= T
Force on each wire = BIL

Force per unit length = BI
. . 1
= 0.25
= 2.5863 x 10-6 = 2.6 x 10-6 N m-1 (2 s.f.) 1
(b) A railgun is a device typically designed as a weapon that uses electromagnetic force to launch
high speed projectiles. A simplified model of a railgun is shown in Fig. 5.2. Fig. 5.2 shows the
top view of a pair of smooth horizontal metal rails connected across a 2.0 V battery of negligible
internal resistance. The metal rails have negligible resistance. A copper rod XY of resistance
3.04 mΩ is resting on the rails. The rails and the rod lie in a horizontal plane and a uniform
vertical magnetic field of flux density 24 mT is applied out of the page.
When the switch is closed, a magnetic force acts on XY which causes it to start moving towards
the right. At time t s after the switch is closed, XY has a velocity v m s-1.
metal rails uniform magnetic

switch
field directed out of
the page
X
40 cm 2.0 V
Fig. 5.2
14
(i) As the rod moves to the right, there is an induced e.m.f across rod XY. Use Lenz’s law to
explain why the induced electric potential at X is lower compared to Y.
……………………………………………………………………..……………………………….
………………………………………………..…………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………..……………………………….
…………………………………………………………………..………………………………….
………………………………………………………………..…………………………………….
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………..………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
Solution:
As rod XY moves, it continuously sweeps an area perpendicular to the uniform

magnetic field. This causes the rod to experience an increasing magnetic flux
linkage through the area swept. 1
[OR As the rod moves, the magnetic flux linkage through the area enclosed by the
closed circuit, consisting of the battery and rod increases.)
By Lenz’s law, the induced e.m.f. in XY will attempt to drive a current in XY that will
flow in a direction that induces a magnetic field directed opposite (i.e. into the page)
to the original uniform magnetic field to reduce this increase in magnetic flux
linkage. This causes X to be at a lower potential than Y. 1
(ii) Show that the current, in amperes, in the closed circuit at time t is given by (660 - 3.2v).
[2]
Solution:
Net e.m.f = 2.0 – back induced e.m.f

= 2.0 - BLv
= 2.0 - (24 x 10-3)(40 x 10-2)v 1
Current in closed circuit = Net e.m.f / circuit resistance

= [2.0 - (24 x 10-3)(40 x 10-2)v] / (3.04 x 10-3) 1
= 657.89 – 3.1579 v
= 660 – 3.2v
15
(iii) Show that after some time rod XY will slide with constant velocity. Determine this velocity.
velocity = ………………………m s-1 [4]
Suggested solution 1:
The current in the closed circuit is equal to (660 – 3.2v), as the rod speeds up, v
increases and therefore current decreases. 1
Eventually, when the current reduces to zero. Thus the net force provided by the
magnetic force (F) acting on the rod XY also reduces to zero. Acceleration ceases,
and the rod XY continues moving with constant velocity. 1
Inet = 660 – 3.2v = 0 1
v = 210 𝑚 𝑠-1 1
Suggested solution 2:
Initially, a net current flows anticlockwise, given by
–
Inet = = 660 – 3.2v ----- (1)
Where E is the battery’s e.m.f., B is the magnetic flux density, L is length of the
rod XY, and R is the circuit resistance.
At the instant when speed of rod XY is v,

Magnetic force on rod XY acting to the right,
F = B Inet L
–
= 𝐵𝐿
As the rod XY speeds up, v increases, causing induced current (Iinduced) to

increase, while the current driven by the battery (Ibattery) remains constant. Thus
the net current (Inet ) flowing anticlockwise through the closed circuit decreases
with time. [See equation (1).]
Eventually, when the induced e.m.f. (BLv) increases to a value equal to the e.m.f.
of the battery (E), Inet reduces to zero. Thus the net force provided by the
magnetic force (F) acting on the rod XY also reduces to zero. Acceleration
ceases, and the rod XY continues moving with constant velocity.
Therefore, at maximum speed,

E = BLv
∴v= 208.33 210 𝑚 𝑠-1
16
6 A photocell is connected in a series circuit with a variable d.c. power supply and a sensitive
ammeter as shown in Fig. 6.1.
The photocell is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 264 nm and power
3.8 mW and photoelectrons are emitted. The potential difference V between the collector C and
emitter E in the photocell is adjusted and the photocurrent I is measured. Fig. 6.2 below shows
the graph of I against V.
photocell electromagnetic radiation
Fig. 6.1
I / 10-8 A
0.80
0 V/V
-0.50 0
Fig. 6.2
(a) Explain why the photocurrent does not continue to increase for positive values of V.
………………………………………………………..…..…………………………….…………………
……………………………………………………..……..…………………………..…..………………
…………………………………………………………..…..……………………………….……………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Solution:
The rate of electron ejection from the emitter arriving at the collector is fixed because it is
proportional to the rate of photon incidence which is fixed when electromagnetic radiation 1
is at a fixed intensity and fixed wavelength.
17
(b) (i) Determine the energy of a photon of the incident electromagnetic radiation.
energy = …..………………… J [1]

Solution:
ℎ𝑐
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝜆
6.63 x 10 3.00 x 10
264 x 10
7.5341 x 10 J
7.53 x 10 J
1
(ii) Calculate the rate at which the photons are incident on the emitter. [2]
incident power
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 M1
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛
3.8 x 10
7.5341 x 10
5.0437 x 10 𝑠
A1
5.0 x 10 𝑠
rate of photon incidence = …..………………… s-1 [2]

Solution:
incident power
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛
3.8 x 10
7.5341 x 10
5.0437 x 10 𝑠
5.0 x 10 𝑠
18
(iii) Show that the maximum rate of photoelectron emission is 5.0 x 1010 s-1 .
[1]
Solution:
photoelectric saturation current

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛
0.80 x 10
1.60 x 10
5.0 x 10 𝑠
(iv) Suggest a reason for the difference between (b)(ii) and your answer in (b)(iii).
………………………………………………………..…..……………………………….…………
………………………………………………………..…..…………………………….……………
………………………………………………………..…..…………………………….……………
[1]
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
A fraction of the incident photons are reflected by the emitter and do not cause
photoelectric effect, hence the number of emitted photoelectrons is smaller than the 1
number of incident photons.
(c) (i) Calculate the work function energy of the emitter.
work function energy = ………………………… J [1]

Solution:
Using photoelectric equation,
𝐸 ϕ eV
7.5341 x 10 ϕ 1.60 x 10 0.50
ϕ 6.7 x 10 𝐽 1
19
(ii) The emitter is replaced with another emitter of half the work function energy. On
Fig. 6.2, sketch a graph to show the new variation with V of I. [2]
I / 10-8 A
0.80
0
-1.0 -0.50 0 V/V
1 mark: correct graph with a more negative horizontal intercept

1 mark: precision of horizontal intercept (doubled),labelling the new horizontal
intercept at -1.0 V
20
7 A solar cell is a device which converts light energy directly into electrical energy. Under the influence
of light, a terminal potential difference (p.d.) is generated across the solar cell. This process is
explained as follows.
A solar cell consists of three main layers: an N-type material layer, a Junction layer, and a P-type
material layer.
There is an electric field across the Junction layer as shown in Fig. 7.1. When photons are incident on
the solar cell, electron-hole pairs are generated in the Junction layer. Holes are positively charged
carriers with charge +e. The electrons and holes move in opposite directions under the influence of
the electric field, which sets up a terminal p.d. across the solar cell.
current
flow
P-type
material
electric field
Junction external
layer circuit
N-type
material
Fig. 7.1
Electron-hole pairs will be generated in the solar cell provided that the incident photon has an energy
greater than a certain value known as the band gap energy of the material used.
The magnitude of the p.d. developed across the terminals of the solar cell depends on the intensity of
light incident onto the solar cell.
21
The variation of the potential difference V across the cell with current I can be investigated using the
circuit shown in Fig. 7.2
solar cell
V
V
A
R
Fig. 7.2
R is a variable resistor with a maximum resistance of 7.0 . The voltmeter has infinite resistance and
the resistance of the ammeter is negligible.
Fig 7.3 shows the variation of I with V for a particular cell of surface area 4.0 x 10-4 m2 when illuminated
normally with light intensity 1100 W m-2.
150
125
100
P
I / mA 75
50
25
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
V / mV
22
Fig 7.3
(a) (i) State why a p.d. is set up across the solar cell only for a limited range of frequencies of
photons.
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
…………………………………………………………………….…………………………..……. [1]
Solution:
Because the electron-hole pairs are created only when the energy of a photon is greater
than the band gap energy of the material of the solar cell, and the energy of a photon is 1
proportional to the frequency of the incident light.
1 mark is given to relate the given information (that energy of photon must be greater
than the band gap energy of the material) to the knowledge that energy of a photon
equals to hf.
(ii) Explain why the p.d. across the solar cell increases with the intensity of the incident light.
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…….………….
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
Solution:
When intensity is increased at a fixed frequency the number of photons incident per unit
time is proportional to the intensity. 1
Since each electron-hole pair created is the result of absorbing one photon, hence more
electron-hole pairs will be created per unit time. 1
(b) (i) Explain how the graph shows that the e.m.f. of the solar cell is 550 mV.
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…….………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Solution:
The value corresponds to an open circuit when the current is zero and the terminal p.d. is 1
equal in value to e.m.f.
23
(ii) Explain why the experiment data needed to be extrapolated to obtain the trend from P to
the point when V = 550 mV.
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…….………….
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
Solution:
At point P
I = 75 mA
V = 520 mV
The resistance at P = 520 V / 75 mA = 6.9  1
From P to the point when V = 550 mV, the resistance is larger than 6.9 Ω, between 6.9 Ω 1
to infinite resistance (as seen from the ratio V/I).
However the variable resistor R only has a maximum resistance of 7.0 Ω. Thus experiment 1
data cannot be obtained for this range of values of V.
(c) (i) From Fig. 7.3, determine the power dissipation in the load resistor for point P.
power dissipation = …………..….W [2]
I = 75.00 mA
V = 520 mV
P = IV = 75 mA x 520 mV 1
= 3.90 x 10-2 mW 1
(ii) On Fig. 7.3, shade an area that represents the power dissipation calculate in c(i).
[1]
Solution:
1
24
(iii) From Fig. 7.3, estimate the maximum power dissipation in the load resistor. Show
your working.
maximum power = …………………..W [2]
When V = 460 mV and I = 120 mA,

Power = 120 mA x 460 mV = 55.2 mW
When V = 470 mV and I = 117.5 mA,
Power = 55.225 mW
When V = 480 mV and I = 110 mA,
Power = 52.8 mW 1
Hence Maximum Power ≈ 55 mW
Accept range of Power 55 mW to 60 mW 1
(iv) On Fig. 7.4 sketch the graph of power output Po, of the cell against V. Label and include
a suitable scale on the vertical axis.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

V/ mV
Fig. 7.4 [2]
25
Solution:
P0 /mW
60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
V/ mV
P0 increases and decreases
P0 = 0 at V = 0, and V is max at 550 mV, and P0 = 55 mW at V = 470 mV 1
(estimated from area of ‘rectangle’ under the I-V graph)
P0 increases almost linearly for V < 200 mV 1

(because Po = IV, so when I is approximately constant, Po is approximately
proportional to V  linear variation)
(d) Calculate the maximum efficiency of conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
maximum efficiency = ……………………… [2]

From (c)(iii), Maximum power output = 55 mW
Power input (from incident light energy) = intensity x area = 1100 x 4 x 10-4 = 440 mW 1
efficiency = 55/ 440 = 0.125 or 12.5 % 1

26
(e) A number of solar cells are connected to a load resistor L as shown in Fig. 7.5.
Fig. 7.5
The resistance of L has been adjusted so that each cell gives the maximum power estimated in
(c)(iii).
Calculate
(i) the potential difference across L,

potential difference = ……………….V [1]
Solution:
V = 3 x 470 mV = 1.41 V 1
(ii) the current through L.

current = .………………A [1]
Solution:
I = 2 x 117.5 mA = 0.235 A 1
(f) Suppose each cell is operating at maximum power estimated in (c)(iii). Draw a suitable network
of cells so that the cells may be used to provide an output power of approximately 5 kW at 30 V.
[3]
Solution:
A network of cells in series and parallel connections
64 cells in series
1400
branches
in parallel
1 Mark – Correct number of cells in series

1 Mark – Correct number of cells in parallel
1 Mark – Diagram - Label the number of cells in series per branch and number of
branches (Circuit symbol in branches not required)
At max power, each cell has a p.d. of 47 mV and current of 117.5 mA

27
Number of cells in series = 30 / 0.470 = 63.8 = 64 cells

Number of cells required = 5 kW / 55 mW = 90900 cells
Number of parallel circuits = 90900 / 64 = 1400
1

Higher 2
CANDIDATE
NAME MARK SCHEME
CLASS 2T
PHYSICS 9749/03
Paper 3: Longer Structured Questions 14 September 2020
2 hours

Section A: Answer all questions.
Section B: Answer one question only. Circle the question number attempted in Section B.
You are advised to spend one and a half hours on Section A and half an hour on Section B.

L1 L2 L3
SECTION A
Q1 /8
Q2 /7
Q3 / 10
Q4 / 11
Q5 / 12
Q6 /5
Q7 /7
SECTION B
Q8 / 20
Q9 / 20
PAPER 3 / 80
PAPER 2 / 80
PAPER 1 / 30
TOTAL FOR THEORY / 190

This document consists of 36 printed pages and zero blank page.
[Turn over
2
PHYSICS DATA:

 (1/(36)) x 10-9 F m-1
PHYSICS FORMULAE:

v2 = u2 + 2 a s
-
r
Temperature T/K = T / ˚C + 273.15
〈c2 〉
3 V
mean translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule E = 3
kT
2
=
  x0  x 2
2

4πεo r
2πd
2r
t1
2
3
Section A

1 Fig. 1.1 shows block A of mass 1.5 kg held against a spring with a force F. The spring is compressed
by 2.0 cm.
wall spring
wall
F
A
B
Fig. 1.1
The force F is then removed and the block A accelerates to the right before losing contact with the
spring with a speed of 0.50 m s–1 as shown in Fig. 1.2. Block A collides elastically head-on with block B.
The mass of block B is 0.50 kg.
wall spring 0.50 m s–1 wall
A
B
Fig. 1.2
Air resistance and frictional forces are negligible.
(a) Determine the speed of block B after the collision with block A.
final speed of block B = ……………….. m s 1 [3]

Solution:
Take vectors to the right as positive.

By Conservation of Momentum,
mAu  0  mAv1  mBv 2
1.5  0.50   1.5  v 1   0.50  v 2 (1)
1
0.75  1.5v1  0.50v 2
For head-on, elastic collision,
Relative speed of approach = Relative speed of separation
u  0  v 2  v1
0.5  v 2  v1 (2)
v1  v 2  0.5 1
Sub (2) into (1)
0.75  1.5(v 2  0.5)  0.50v 2
1
v 2  0.75 m s1
4
(b) Fig 1.3 shows the variation with time of the force acting on block A during the collision with block B.
force
time
- Fmax
Fig. 1.3
(i) Sketch on Fig. 1.3, the corresponding graph to show how the force on block B varies with
time during the collision between block A and block B.
[1]
Solution:
force
Fmax
time
- Fmax
Marking points:
 Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction at every instant in time
5
(ii) Explain how your graph shows that the total momentum of the blocks remains unchanged
during the collision.
………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
……………………………………………………………….…………………………….…… [2]
Solution:
Area under the force-time graph represents the change in momentum of a body. The
area under the graphs of A and B are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. 1
This implies that the change in momentum of one block is equal and opposite to the
change in momentum of the other so that total momentum is conserved. 1
(c) Block B hits the wall elastically, rebounds and collides with block A. Block A then moves and
compresses the spring. State, with a reason, whether the maximum compression of the spring
will be greater than, less than, or equal to 2.0 cm.
………………………..………………………………………….…………………………….……………
………………………………………………………………………..……….………….…………………
………………………………………………………………………..………………….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………...……..….………… [2]
Solution:
Even though total kinetic energy is conserved, the kinetic energy of A is now less than initially
as some of its kinetic energy has been transferred to B. 1
By conservation of energy, energy transferred to the spring will therefore be less and the
compression of the spring will be less than 2.0 cm. 1

6

2 A block of mass 2m initially rests on a track at the bottom of the circular, vertical loop of radius r as
shown in Fig. 2.1. A bullet of mass m strikes the block horizontally and remains embedded in the block
as the block and bullet circle the loop. Assume frictional force of the loop is negligible.
m
2m
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Show that the minimum speed of the block at the top of the loop such that it just
completes the vertical circular motion without falling off the loop is given by
gr
where g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[3]
Solution:
At the Top of the loop,

the vector sum of the Weight of the block (with bullet embedded) [3mg] and the
Normal contacf force [N] exerted by the loop on the block provide for the
3m v2
Centripetal force required . 1
r
Thus,
3m v2
3mg + N = 1
r
where v is the speed at the top
3m v2
N= 3mg
r
For the block to JUST complete the vertical circular motion without falling off the loop
at the Top, N ≥ 0. 1
3m v2
⟹ 3mg ≥ 0
r
⟹ v ≥ rg
Minimum velocity at the top of the loop, 𝑣 , = rg

7
(ii) Derive an expression for the minimum speed of the bullet in order for the block to just
complete the vertical circular motion without falling off the loop. Explain your working. [4]
Solution:
Since the track is frictionless, the loss in the kinetic energy of the block and bullet is
converted into their gain in gravitational potential energy. 1
Therefore,
1 1
(3m) vmin,top 2 (3m)v 2
=(3m)g 2r
2 2
1 2 1 2
(3m) rg (3m)v =(3m)g 2r
2 2
v = 5rg 1
where vbottom is the speed at the bottom of the loop
Applying principle of conservation of linear momentum, taking vectors to the right as

positive,
Total initial momentum of bullet = Total momentum of block with embedded bullet JUST
AFTER the collision 1
𝑚𝑣 3𝑚 5𝑟𝑔
𝑣 3 5𝑟𝑔 1

3 (a) A ball is held between two fixed points A and B by means of two stretched springs as shown in
Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1
The ball is free to oscillate horizontally on the smooth horizontal table. The variation of the
acceleration a of the ball with its displacement x from its equilibrium position is shown in Fig. 3.2.
8
a / m s-2
15
10
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x / cm
–5
–10
–15
Fig. 3.2
(i) State and explain the features of Fig. 3.2 which indicate that the moving ball is exhibiting
simple harmonic motion.

………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..………….… [2]
Solution:
The graph is a straight line that passes through the origin, this indicates that the
acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position. 1
The gradient of the graph is negative, which indicate that the acceleration and the
displacement are always in opposite directions (or the acceleration is always directed 1
to a fixed equilibrium position).
9
(ii) On Fig. 3.3, sketch the variation of the velocity v of the ball with x. Include the values
of the horizontal and vertical intercepts of the graph.
v / m s-1
0 x / cm

Fig. 3.3
[3]
Solution:
-1
v/ms
0.559
-2.50 0 2.50 x / cm
-0.559
Mark scheme:
 Shape of graph [ellipse] 1
 From Fig. 3.2, xo = 2.50 cm = 0.0250 m

 Labelled horizontal intercepts at 2.50 cm 1
 From Fig. 3.2, ao = 12.5 m s-2, ao = ω2 xo → ω2 = 12.5 / 0.0250 = 500 s-2 ,

 vo = xo ω = 0.559 m s-1
 Labelled vertical intercepts at 0.559 m s-1 1
10
(b) The ball is attached to the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.4 in order to investigate its vertical
oscillations on a spring. The amplitude of the vibrations produced by the oscillator is
constant.
pulley variable frequency

oscillator
thread
spring
ball
``
Fig. 3.4
The variation of the amplitude of the oscillations of the ball with the frequency f of the
oscillator is shown in Fig. 3.5. The oscillations are assumed to be simple harmonic.
amplitude / mm
20
15
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 f / Hz
Fig. 3.5
11
(i) State the natural frequency of the oscillations.
natural frequency = ………………….……… Hz [1]

Solution:
3.5 Hz 1
(ii) Explain why Fig. 3.5 shows that the oscillations are damped.

………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
Solution:
The graph of Fig. 3.5 shows that the resonance occurs at 3.5 Hz with a finite amplitude 1
showing the system is damped. (Without damping the resonance amplitude would be
infinite.)
(iii) On Fig. 3.5, sketch a possible variation of the amplitude of the oscillations of the ball
with f if the oscillations are damped with a greater resistive force. [3]
amplitude / mm
20
15
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 f / Hz
Fig. 3.5
12
 Lower resonance frequency  ‘peak’ shifted to lower f 1

 Lower amplitude at ALL frequencies (except at f = 0) 1
 Amp unchanged at f = 0  same vertical-intercept 1

4 (a) A Keck telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, is the world's largest optical telescope and has a
diameter of 10 m and is set to detect waves of wavelength 600 nm. The distance, in metres,
from the aperture to the viewing screen is L.
(i) Calculate the diffraction angle θmin at which the first minimum of the diffraction pattern is
θmin = ………………… rad [2]
Solution:
𝜆
sin 𝜃 𝑚 1
𝑏
600×10-9
sin 𝜃 1
10
1
𝜃 = 6.0 × 10-8 rad
(ii) Determine, in terms of L, the width of the central bright fringe of the diffraction pattern
width = …………………. m [2]
Solution:
𝑦
tan 𝜃
𝐿
𝑦
tan 6.0×10-8
𝐿
1
𝑦 6.0×10-8 𝐿
1
Width = 2y = 2 6.0 × 10-8 𝐿 = 1.2 𝐿 × 10-7 m
13
(iii) On Fig. 4.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with diffraction angle θ from the central
maximum of the intensity I of the light on the viewing screen. Include the angles for the
first minima.
intensity I / W m-2
diffraction angle θ / 10-8 rad

[3]
Fig. 4.1
intensity I / W m-2
-6.0 6.0 diffraction angle θ / 10-8 rad
1 mark:
Smooth diffraction pattern curve, with 2 maxima on either side. 5 maxima in total when
central maxima is included. Show to 3rd minima [3 maxima are insufficient to show a
‘trend’!]
1 mark:
Exact values of intensity axis labelling with values are not required, however the value
for the 1st minima should be included.
1 mark:
14
(Other details)
- Width of central fringe must be twice that of the other maxima fringes.
- Minima must touch zero intensity.
- Maxima intensity must reduce on either side as it gets further from central maxima
fringe. (Intensity of central maxima must be shown to be significantly higher
than the higher order maxima.)
(b) A radio telescope at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, has a diameter of 305 m and is designed to
detect radio waves of wavelength 0.75 m.
(i) State two physical quantities that determine the resolving power of the telescope.
quantity 1 : ..…………..…………………….
quantity 2 : ………….....…………………… [2]

Solution:
quantity 1: size/diameter of the aperture 1

quantity 2: wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 1
(ii) Explain quantitatively whether the Keck telescope used in the detection of light waves has a
higher or lower resolving power compared to the radio telescope used in the detection of radio
waves at Arecibo.
…………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
………………………………………………………………….………………………………… [2]
Solution:
Keck Telescope:
λ
θmin ≈
b
600×10-9
=
10
= 6.0×10-8 rad
(No marks awarded if candidates substitute wavelength as 0.75 m)

The Keck telescope as stated in (a) is set to detect waves of wavelength 600 nm
Radio Telescope:
λ
θmin ≈
b
0.75
=
305
=3.0×10-3 rad
15
Since the minimum angle for the radio telescope is much larger than that of the Keck 1
telescope, it indicates that the Keck telescope is able to observe objects as separate
images even though the objects are much closer to each other, whereas the radio
telescope would not be able to pick up the distinction of the objects due to its larger
limiting angle.
Thus, the Keck telescope has a higher resolving power. 1

5 (a) Define potential difference between two points in a circuit.
…...…………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
………………………………………………………………..……………………….….…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..…….….…… [1]
Solution:
It is the amount of electrical energy converted to other forms of energy per unit charge
flowing between those two points in a circuit. 1
(b) A thermistor and a variable resistor are connected in a potential divider circuit as shown in
Fig. 5.1.
The battery has an e.m.f. of E, the thermistor has a resistance RT and the variable resistor
has a resistance RV.
This circuit is used to activate an alarm system whenever the ambient temperature rises to
a certain value. The alarm bell will sound if the potential difference across it increases
beyond the pre-set value.
Fig. 5.1
16
State an expression for the potential difference across the variable resistor in terms of E,
RT and RV.
[1]
Solution:
Let the current in the circuit be I
e.m.f. of cell E = I ( RT + R)  I = E / ( RT + RV)
p.d. across variable resistor = I RV = E [ RV / ( RT + RV) ] 1
OR
By potential divider principle,
p.d. across variable resistor = E [ RV / ( RT + RV) ]

(i) State and explain across which two terminals, XY or YZ, how the alarm bell should be
connected to the circuit in Fig. 5.1.
…...…………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
………………………………………………………………..……………………….….….………………
………………………………………………………………..……………………….…..…………………
………………………………………………………………..………………………………….…. [2]
Solution:
As the temperature increases, the resistance of the thermistor RT decreases As RT

decreases, the potential difference across the variable resistor increases since p.d. across
variable resistor = I RV = E RV / ( RT + RV) where E and Rv are constants. 1
Hence if the alarm bell is to be triggered when the p.d. across it goes beyond a particular
value, the alarm should be connected across YZ (variable resistor). 1
(ii) State and explain the purpose of the variable resistor in the circuit.
…...…………………………………………………………………………………….……….……………
………………………………………………………………..……………………….….….………………
………………………………………………………………..……………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………..……………………….……………….… [2]
Solution:
The variable resistor controls the temperature at which the alarm to be triggered. 1
The p.d. across the resistor depends on the resistance of the variable as well as that of the
thermistor. By changing its resistance, it allows the p.d. across it to reach the triggering
value at other temperatures when the thermistor reaches a different temperature. 1
17
(c) Fig. 5.2 shows a potentiometer circuit consisting of a 100 cm length of wire AB and a driver
cell E1 of e.m.f 2.0 V and of negligible internal resistance.
E1
A B
Fig. 5.2
(i) State the value of the potential gradient along AB.
potential gradient = ………….. V cm-1 [1]

Solution:
Potential gradient = 2.0 / 100 = 0.020 V cm-1 1
(ii) A circuit consisting of a cell E2 and a variable resistor R is now connected to the
potentiometer as shown in Fig. 5.3.
Fig. 5.3
18
(d) The resistance of R is set to 10.0 Ω and the sliding contact C is adjusted until there is no current
flowing in the galvanometer. The length AC is found to be 60.0 cm.
The resistance of R is now set to 3.0 Ω and the experiment is repeated. The length AC is now
54.0 cm.
Calculate the e.m.f. and internal resistance r of cell E2.
e.m.f. of cell E2 = ……………………..V
internal resistance of cell E2 = …………………. Ω [5]

Solution:
p.d. across AB = e.m.f. of E1 = 2.0 V
When resistance of R = 10.0, balance length = 60.0 cm

p.d. across AC = potential gradient x 60.0 = 0.020 x 60.0 = 1.2 V
p.d. across R = E2 x 10.0 / (10.0 + r)
At balance length, p.d. across R = p.d. across AC

E2 x 10.0 / (10.0 + r) = 1.2 ………..(1)
When resistance of R = 3.0, balance length = 54.0 cm

p.d. across AC = potential gradient x 54.0 = 0.020 x 54.0 = 1.08 V 1
p.d. across R = E2 x 3.0 / (3.0 + r) 1
At balance length, p.d. across R = p.d. across AC

E2 x 3.0 / (3.0 + r) = 1.08 ………..(2)
(1) / (2)
(10.0 /3.0 ) x [(3.0 + r) / (10.0 + r)] = 1.2 / 1.08 1
r = 0.5 Ω 1
subtitute r = into (1)

E2 = 1.26 V 1

19
6 (a) A coil with 500 turns is placed in a uniform magnetic field of flux density 5.0 x 10-2 T. The area of
the coil perpendicular to the field is 2.5 x 10-2 m2, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
Fig. 6.1
Calculate the magnetic flux linkage of the coil. Give an appropriate unit.
magnetic flux linkage = ……………… unit: ………… [1]

Solution:
Φ = NBAcosθ = (500)(5.0×10 -2 )(2.5×10 -2 )cos0 
= 0.625 = 0.63 Wb
where θ: angle between the normal to the plane of the coil and the magnetic field.
OR
Φ = NBAsin = (500)(5.0×10 -2 )(2.5×10 -2 )sin90 

= 0.625 = 0.63 Wb 1
where α: angle between the plane of the coil and the magnetic field.
1 mark for both correct answer & units.

20
(b) The coil in (a) is rotated at a constant angular velocity about the axis in Fig. 6.1. The flux linkage
Φ of the coil varies with time t, as shown in Fig. 6.2.
Fig. 6.2
(i) Calculate the maximum induced electromotive force (e.m.f.).
maximum induced e.m.f. = ………………………V [2]
Solution:
From graph,
Φ = Φo cos (ωt)
E = - dΦ/dt = - ωΦo sin (ωt) = - (2π/T)Φo sin (2π/T)t
= 0.625 sin 𝑡
. .
Hence Maximum induced e.m.f.,

𝟐𝝅
Eo = ωΦo = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 1
𝟏.𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝟑
= 3927.0 = 3900 V (2 s.f.) 1
21
(ii) Calculate the root-mean-square value of the induced e.m.f.
root-mean-square e.m.f. = ………………………V [1]
Solution:
Since sinusoidal AC,

Erms = Eo / √2 = 3927.0 / √2 = 2776.8 = 2800 V 1
(iii) Explain why the flux linkage changes sinusoidally as the coil is rotated.
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Solution:
The effective area of the coil perpendicular to the magnetic field to vary sinusoidally
with time. 1
OR
The magnetic flux density perpendicular to the plane of the coil vary sinusoidally with
time. (1)

22
7 Fig. 7.1 shows some of the energy levels of an helium atom.
Fig. 7.1
An electron with kinetic energy of 50.0 eV collides with a helium atom in its ground state and the helium
atom is excited.
(a) (i) In Fig. 7.1, use arrows to show the possible energy transitions when the excited
helium atom de-excites. [2]
Solution:
Highest possible level that the electron can excite to is -6.04 eV, n = 3
2 marks - all 3 transitions

1 mark – any 2 transitions
0 mark – 0 or 1 transition
23
(ii) Calculate the shortest wavelength of the radiation that is emitted from the transitions in
(a)(i).
Solution:
Loss of electron excitation energy ∆E = Energy of emitted photon Ephoton

∆E =
Largest ∆E (i.e. from n=3 to n=1) produces photon of shortest wavelength λ.
6.63 𝑥 10 3.0 𝑥 10 1
6.04 54.4 1.6 𝑥 10
𝜆
𝜆 2.57 𝑥 10 𝑚 1
shortest wavelength = ………………………….. m [2]
(b) When a beam of white light is passed through a cold helium gas, an absorption spectrum of
coloured background with dark lines is observed.
Use Fig. 7.1 to explain quantitatively why one of the dark lines correspond to a wavelength of
471 nm.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
Solution:
. .
Photon of wavelength 471 nm has energy of 2.64 𝑒𝑉
Electrons absorb photons of energy 2.64 eV to make a transition from n = 3 to n = 4. 1

On de-excitation, photons of energy 2.64 eV, i.e. wavelength 471 nm are emitted. 1
But photons emitted are in all directions, not just along the initial direction, hence dark line
is observed as compared to other regions whose wavelengths are not absorbed. 1
24
Section B
Answer one question from this Section in the spaces provided.
8 (a) Two ions S and T, each of negative charge –q, are held stationary at a distance of 2.0 cm from
each other as shown in Fig. 8.1. P1 is the midpoint between S and T.
Fig. 8.1
State what it means by
(i) the electric field strength at P1,
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….….…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Solution:
It is the electric force per unit positive charge acting on a stationary test charge placed
at P1 due to the charges placed at S and T. 1
(ii) the electric potential at P1.
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...……….. [1]
Solution:
It is the work done per unit positive charge by an external agent in moving a point charge
from infinity to P1. 1
25
(b) The value of q is known to be 1.6 x 10-19 C. A third ion R of positive charge +q is introduced into
the system at a distance of 4.0 cm from ions S and T as shown in Fig. 8.2. All three ions are held
stationary.
P2 is the midpoint between R and T.
Fig. 8.2
(i) Calculate the amount of work done required to assemble R.
work done = ………..…………… J [3]

Solution:
work done by external agent

= qR VR,net
= qR VRT +VRS
qS qS
= qR +
4πε0 rRS 4πε0 rRT
qR
= q +q since rRS rRT
4πε0 rRT S T
𝑞
= 𝑞 + 𝑞 1
4πε0 rRT
-19 2
1.6×10 1
= -12 -2
-2
4π 8.85×10 4.0×10
= 1.2×10-26 J 1
26
(ii) Without calculations, explain whether the work done required is more or less if R was placed
at P2 instead.
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
Solution:
The resultant electric potential due to S and T at point P2 is more negative than at R’s 1
original position.
Therefore an external agent needs to do more work in moving R from infinity to P2. 1
(iii) With reference to the direction of the electric field strength along RP1, describe the variation
of electric potential along the line joining ion R to the point P1.
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….………… [2]
Solution:
The resultant field strength is directed downwards everywhere along the line joining R
and P1 and potential decreases in the direction of the field strength. (E= -dV/dr) 1
The resultant potential along the line joining R and P1 decreases. 1
(c) (i) Show that the magnitude of the electric field strength that R experiences for the ion assembly
in Fig. 8.2 is given by 1.74 x 10-6 NC-1.
Solution:
qT
ERT =
4πε0 rRT 2
qS
ERS =
4πε0 rRS 2
E = ERS cosθSRP1 + ERT cosθTRP1

1
qS qT
= cosθSRP1 + cosθTRP1 1
4πε0 rRS 2 4πε0 rRT 2
27
Since RST is an isosceles triangle,
rSR = rRT and cosθSRP1 = cosθTRP1
rRP1
cosθTRP1 = 1
rRT
rRT 2 -rP1 T 2
=
rRT
4 -12
2
=
4
√15
=
4
qS qT
E= 2
cosθSRP1 + cosθTRP1
4πε0 rRS 4πε0 rRT 2
q
=2 cosθTRP1
4πε0 rRT 2
q √15
=2 2 4
4πε0 4.0×10-2
q
= 303
πε0
1.6×10-19
= 303 1
π 8.85×10-12
-6
= 1.74 ×10 NC -1
[4]
28
(ii) R is subsequently released.
Hence, calculate
1. the magnitude and state the direction of the resultant force on R just as it is
released,
force = ………………… N
direction : ……………………… [3]

Solution:
F= qR E
F = 1.6 ×10-19 1.74×10-6 1
1
F = 2.784 × 10-25 N
F = 2.78 × 10-25 N
Direction: Vertically downwards OR Towards P1 1
2. the magnitude of the initial acceleration of R if it has a mass of 2.58 × 10−26 kg.
acceleration = ………………… m s-2 [2]
Solution:
F = mR a
F
a=
mR
2.784 × 10-25
a= 1
2.58 × 10-26
= 10.8 m s-2 1
(d) Suggest with a reason, the subsequent motion of R after passing through the line joining S
and T.
………………………………………………………………….………………….……….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……… [2]
29
Solution:
 R will always experience a net force towards line joining S and T 1
 Therefore R will oscillate to and fro about the line joining S and T. 1
(1 mark) R will slow down because it experiences a force upwards.
OR
When R is released, it will accelerate towards P1. Since all charges radiate when they
accelerate, R will emit photons during its motion. (1)
Due to the conservation of momenta of R and the emitted photon,

R will deviate from a straight path during photon emission. (1)
30
9 (a) Distinguish between gravitational field strength and acceleration of free fall.
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….….… [2]
Solution:
Gravitational field strength is the gravitational force per unit mass acting on a small mass
at a point in a gravitational field. 1
While acceleration of free fall is the change in velocity per unit time (i.e. acceleration)
produced by gravitational force alone acting on a mass.
1
(b) Assuming Earth to be a sphere, explain with the help of free body diagrams, the difference in the
weight of a person measured on an electronic balance at the poles and at the equator.
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
………………………………………………………………….………………….………..….……………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….……....…………………
[5]
………………………………………………………………………….……………………….……
31

Pole Equator

N

Fg
N
Fg
Fc = 0 Fc 0
Free Body diagrams with forces identified, and length of vectors at poles are equal,
while at the equator Fg vector is longer than N vector.
N: Normal contact force exerted by electronic scale on person

Fg: Gravitational force exerted by Earth on person
1 mark for FBDs awarded if the following are shown:

 Forces are identified and named
 At Poles : correct N and Fg (length and direction)(N and Fg vectors are equal
1
in length)
 At Equator : correct N and Fg (length and direction)(Fg vector is longer than 1
N vector )
Electronic balance reads the apparent weight of the person which is given by the
magnitude of N.
At a pole, person does not undergo circular motion, hence centripetal force Fc 1
equals zero. Thus N equals in magnitude to Fg.
At the equator, person undergoes circular motion, hence Fc is non-zero. Thus N is

1
less than Fg.
Since the Earth is assumed to be a perfect sphere, its radius at the poles and
equator are equal, hence Fg at both locations are equal. This implies that N at the 1
poles is greater than N at the equator, and hence the apparent weight of the person
is lesser at the equator.
32
(c) Assuming Earth to be a sphere of radius 6.4 x 106 m, calculate the mass of Earth.
mass of Earth = ………………………. kg [2]
Solution:
g = G M/r2
gat Earth’s surface = G ME/rE2 1
ME = gat Earth’s surface rE2 / G
ME = 9.81(6.4x106)2 / 6.67 x10-11 = 6.02425 x1024 = 6.0 x1024 kg 1

(d) Calculate the radius of the orbit of a geostationary satellite.
radius = ………………….. m [3]
Solution:
Gravitational force (Fg) exerted by Earth on satellite provides for the centripetal force (Fc) 1
required for the satellite’s circular motion.
F g = Fc
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑚𝑟𝜔 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚: 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑟
𝐺𝑀𝑚 2𝜋
𝑚𝑟
𝑟 𝑇
4𝜋 𝑟
𝑇 1
𝐺𝑀
For geostationary orbit, T = 24 h

From (c), 𝑀 6.02425 x10 𝑘𝑔
4𝜋 𝑟
24 𝑥 60 𝑥 60
6.67 𝑥 10 6.02425 x10
1
𝑟 4.2 𝑥 10 𝑚
33
(e) (i) A space mission is to launch a space shuttle from Earth. The space shuttle comprise of a
land rover to be delivered to the moon.
Using the answer in part (c), calculate the distance from the centre of Earth where the
resultant gravitational field strength due to the Earth and the Moon is zero.
The mass of the Moon is 7.4 x 1022 kg and distance between centres of the Earth and the
Moon is 3.8 x 108 m.
distance from centre of Earth = ……………………… m [3]
Solution:
At the null point, g resultant = 0 1

i.e. gE = gM
GME/rE2 = GMM/rM2
where rE is the distance from centre of Earth to null point;

rM is the distance from centre of the moon to null point
1
6.02425x 1024 / rE 2 = 7.4 x 1022 / (3.8 x108 – rE)2
rE = 3.4209 x 108 = 3.4 x 108 m 1

34
(ii) On Fig. 9.1, sketch the variation of gravitational potential between the surface of
Earth and the surface of the moon.
Include the value obtained in (e)(i).
 
Earth
Moon
distance from
Centre of
Earth / m
Fig. 9.1 [2]
Solution:
 
Earth
Moon
8
3.4 x 10
distance from
Centre of
Earth / m
Fig. 9.1
 Maximum point at null point with position labelled 1

 Potential at Earth’s surface is more negative than potential at Moon’s surface
AND asymmetric curve of appropriate shape 1
35
(iii) Calculate the minimum launch speed of the space shuttle from Earth such that the space
shuttle will be able to reach the surface of the moon.
minimum launch speed = …………………… m s1 [3]

Solution:
By the Conservation of Energy,

Total Initial Energy Earth surface = Total Final Energy null point
KEEarth  GPEEarth  KEnull  GPEnull

1  mM Earth mM Moon   mM Earth mM Moon 
mvobject 2   G G   0   G G  1
2  rEarth's centre to Earth's surface rMoon's centre to Earth's surface   rEarth's centre to Null pt. rMoon's centre to Null pt. 
1  6.02425 1024 6.0 1022   6.02425 1024 6.0 1022 
vobject 2   G  G 6 
 0   G  G 8 
1
2  6.4 106
(3.8 10  6.4 10 ) 
8
 3.4209 108
(3.8 10  3.4209 10 ) 
8
vobject 2  2G  9.4129 1017  1.6060 1014 1.7610 1016 1.5827 1015   1.2304 108
1
vobject  1.1092 104  1.1104
-- END OF PAPER 3 –

Y20 jc2 Physics H2 Prelim CJC

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NAME CLASS 2T

Catholic Junior College

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name and tutorial group on this cover page.

Answer all 30 questions in this paper.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet carefully.

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1

uniformly accelerated motion s = u t + ½ a t2

electric current I = Anvq

1 Which of the following is not a reasonable estimate?

A The power of an electric iron is 1 kW.

potential difference / 102 V mean / 10-2 V

A 1.61 1.65 1.65 1.58 1.61 1.62

B 1.66 1.68 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.65

C 1.65 1.64 1.65 1.65 1.66 1.65

D 1.69 1.70 1.69 1.70 1.69 1.69

A 3 m s-1 due west

A 45 m s-1 B 50 m s-1 C 55 m s-1 D 95 m s-1

A 1.0 cm B 1.6 cm C 9.8 cm D 16 cm

What is the maximum power generated by the engine of the elevator?

A the friction experienced by P and Q are always equal.

B it moves with a larger angular velocity compared to P.

C it requires greater friction to keep it in its position compared to P.

A - 400 kJ B - 200 kJ C 400 kJ D 800 kJ

What is the maximum kinetic energy of the particle?

A 2.0 × 10-3 J B 2.5 × 10-3 J C 3.9 × 10-3 J D 5.0 × 10-3 J

13 Which of the following statements is true for a stationary sound wave?

A The pressure at a displacement node is always very high.

15 An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process in three stages:

(1) Expansion at constant pressure,

Which of the following must be true?

A There is net heat released by the gas during the cycle.

A 30° B 41° C 45° D 60°

phase difference / rad total energy

What is the angle of diffraction of the second order maximum?

A 12° B 24° C 37° D 45°

Line XY is inclined at an angle θ to the metal plates.

21 Two charges are fixed at a distance of 1.0 mm apart as shown below.

A No net force and no torque.

A 1:3 B 2:3 C 3:1 D 3:2

Which of the following is necessarily true?

Which of the following statements is correct?

A A current flows from P through R to Q, and P is at a higher potential then Q.

27 A sinusoidal alternating current I / A varies with time t / s according to the equation

I = 2.0 sin (100πt)

This current is allowed to pass through a resistor of resistance 5.0 Ω.

0.010 0.020 t / s 0.020 0.040 t / s

0.010 0.020 t/s 0.020 0.040 t/s

a.c. supply load

A 0.026 A B 0.074 A C 0.10 A D 0.15 A

29 The x-ray spectrum of a metal target is shown in the figure below.

30 A photon of wavelength 555.00 nm, measured to an accuracy of 0.01 nm.

What is the minimum uncertainty in the location of the photon?

A 6.6  10−23 m B 1.0 × 10−11 m C 3.1  10−2 m D 3.0  10−1 m

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE DIFFICULTY

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1

uniformly accelerated motion s = u t + ½ a t2