Business Math

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Identifying the Different Kinds
of Proportion
Business Math – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Identifying the Different Kinds of Proportions
First Edition, 2020

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 Business Math
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Identifying the Different Kinds
of Proportions
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Business Math – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Identifying the Different Kinds of Proportions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Business Math – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Identifying the Different Kinds of Proportions!

Business Math is a mathematical tool intended to deliver an utmost

understanding about money and information needed to make good financial
decisions. It does not only concentrate on the essentials of business finances, such
as owning or operating a business, but it also provides an avenue where people in
every walks of life learn the significance of managing their personal finances. Getting
familiar with the concepts of Business Math leads to making a better decision with
your money!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

2
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

3
 What I Need to Know

This module is made to help you establish a better understanding in

identifying the kinds of proportion. This will also help you develop better skills in the
said process.

Our goal in this module is to help you analyze on what proportion is present
in a situation and how this concept is applied on our daily lives. Together, we will
study and analyze each problem.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different kinds of proportions and write examples of real-life

situations for each. (ABM_BMIIRP-Ie-3)

What I Know

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, write only the letter corresponding to your
final answer. Please do not write anything on the module.

5 𝑥
1. What is the value of 𝒙 so that the fractions and will be equivalent?
8 24
A. 10 C. 12
B. 15 D. 21

5 25
2. What is the value of 𝒙 so that the fractions and will be equivalent?
3 𝑥
A. 18 C. 15
B. 20 D. 24

6 24
3. What is the value of 𝒙 so that the fractions and will be equivalent?
7 𝑥
A. 21 C. 28
B. 18 D. 32

4. A kind of proportion when one variable increases, the other decreases.

A. Direct C. Inverse
B. Ratio D. Partitive

4
5. What kind of proportion is present when the two variable increases together?
A. Partitive C. Ratio
B. Inverse D. Direct

6. A proportion wherein a whole is partitioned into equal or unequal parts.

A. Partitive C. Direct
B. Ratio D. Inverse
7. In the proportion 6 : 36 = x : 144, what is the value of x?
A. 12 C. 24
B. 18 D. 10

8. In the proportion 300 : 6 = 250 : x, what is the value of x?

A. 1 C. 3
B. 4 D. 5

9. In the proportion x : 13 = 3 : 39, what is the value of x?

A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

10. In the proportion 7 : x = 21 : 33, what is the value of x?

A. 3 C. 11
B. 5 D. 10

11. A box containing 10 pens cost ₱35.00. How much do 8 boxes cost?
A. ₱350.00 C. ₱140.00
B. ₱80.00 D. ₱280.00

12. Mr. Cruz wants to give ₱4000 to his three children in the ratio of 1:2:3. If Peter,
the eldest son, will receive the largest, how much will he get?
A. ₱2,000.00 C. ₱1,333.33
B. ₱666.67 D. ₱1,000.00

13. Eve’s birthday party will cost ₱8,750 if she invites 15 guests. How much will
she spend if she invites 44 guests?
A. ₱26,250 C. ₱38.654
B. ₱25,000 D. ₱25,667

14. Gerald wants to donate his toy collection to his friend in the ratio of 1:3:3:5.
He has a total of 96 toys. If his best friend will receive the greatest number of
toys, how many toys will he get?
A. 40 C. 8
B. 12 D. 15

15.It takes 5 employees to finish designing 20 T-shirts in one hour. How long will it
take 10 people to make 20 designs?
A. 30 minutes C. 45 minutes
B. 1 hour D. 2 hours

2
 You did great on our pre-assessment!

This is just a preview of our lesson. We will still be

learning more concepts of proportions and the different kinds
of it.

Keep going!

Lesson
Identifying the Different Kinds
1 of Proportions
Proportion is the relationship between two quantities. Numerical values are
used to represent this relationship, and, in most cases, these numbers are used to
compare things and people or even time and distance.

In Mathematics, proportion is an equation showing two ratios which are equal.

It is a statement that express the same relationship between two quantities.

What’s In

DIRECTIONS: Read the problem carefully. On a separate sheet of paper, write your
answers to the questions below. Please do not write anything on the
module.

A liter of Coca-Cola bottle, when poured, can fill 4 glasses.

1. How many 1-liter bottle is needed to fill the

8 glasses?
2. If you will prepare 12 glasses, how many
bottles do you need to fill all those glasses?
3. If a bottle cost, ₱60, how much will 4 bottles
cost?
4. Suppose, I use small glasses and a liter of
bottle fills 6 glasses. How many bottles do I
need to fill 18 glasses?
5. How much will it cost me to fill those 18
glasses?

7
 What’s New

DIRECTIONS: Read the problem carefully. On a separate sheet of paper, write your
answers to the questions below. Please do not write anything on the
module.

You and your sister decided to go the market to buy ingredients for baking a
cake. One of the things that you listed to buy in the supermarket is egg. You saw
that a dozen of egg cost ₱220 and you need to make 4 cakes for your relatives.

Questions:

1. If each cake needs 6 eggs, how many eggs

do you need to make those 4 cakes?

2. How much will you spend to buy all those

eggs?

3. If your uncle asked you for an additional 2 more cakes, how many total eggs do
you need to make all those cakes?

4. How much will you cost for the eggs with that additional two more cakes?

Good job on doing the exercises!

On the next pages, read and study carefully what are

the different kinds of proportions and how you can identify it.

Let’s start!

8
 IDENTIFYING THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PROPORTION AND
WRITING PROPORTIONS

What is It

As mentioned earlier on this module, a proportion is an equation stating the

two ratios are equal. There are three different kinds of proportions namely; direct,
inverse and partitive proportion.

DIRECT PROPORTION has two values that may vary but the ration between them
remains the same. In this proportion, as one value decreases, the other value also
decreases and as one increases, the other also increases.

For quantities a and b,

𝑎1 𝑎2
=
𝑏1 𝑏2

INVERSE PROPORTION means that an increase in one quantity results into a

decrease in another, or, as one quantity decreases, the other increases.

For quantities a and b,

𝑎1 𝑏2
=
𝑎2 𝑏1

PARTITIVE PROPORTION is when a whole is partitioned into equal or unequal

ratios.

For ratio a:b:c, ax : bx : cx = k

ax + bx + cx = k

Where, a, b, and c are the variables,

x is the unknown unit, and
k is the given value to be partitioned.

Note: To know the partitioned value of each variable, multiply the value of x to each of them.

To identify whether the given situation shows direct, inverse and partitive
proportion, you must need to:

First, read and analyze carefully the problem.

9
 Second, identify the relationship between the variables

Lastly, write proportions for the problem or situation.

Problem 1. A 200 grams of mango cost ₱20. How much will 1,200 grams cost?

The relationship between these variable shows that as the grams of mango
increases, the price of the mango also increases. Thus, it shows that there is a Direct
Proportion in the problem.

In writing the proportion,

𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 200 1200

= = where, x is the missing value
𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 20 𝑥

Problem 2. Michelle can type 300 words in 5 minutes. How many words can she type
in 10 minutes?

The relation between the variables shows that as Michelle spends longer time
in typing, the greater number of words she can type. Thus, it shows Direct Proportion.

In writing the proportion,

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠 300 𝑥

= =
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 5 10

Problem 3. A construction company has 20 workers which can make a residential

house for 120 days. How many workers is needed to finish the house for 90 days?

In this problem, as the number of workers increases, they will be spending

fewer days in finishing the house. Thus, Inverse Proportion is shown in the situation.

In writing the proportion,

120 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 120 𝑥

= ⟹ =
90 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 20 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 90 20

Problem 4. Five people can paint a fence in 4 hours. How long will it take for 8 people to
paint it?

When there is an addition to the number of painters, the time for the fence to
be painted will lessen. Thus, the problem shows Inverse Proportion.

10
 In writing the proportion,

5 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑥 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 5 𝑥
= ⟹ =
8 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 4 8 4

Problem 5. Kim wants to donate ₱300,000 to three different foundations in the ratio of
1:2:3. How much will each foundation receive?

In this problem, Kim will split the money into 3 different foundations wherein
each will receive unique amount. Thus, this shows Partitive Proportion since there is a
partition that’s happening.

In writing the proportion,

1x : 2x : 3x = ₱300,000
1x + 2x + 3x = ₱300,000

Problem 6. A large pizza is divided into 16 slices. The ratio of the slices of pizza that the
four children received is 1:1:2:2. How many slices does each child receive?

There is a partition in the pizza wherein the child may get different number of
pizza slices. Therefore, the proportion shown here is Partitive Proportion.

In writing the proportion,

1x : 1x : 2x : 2x = 16
1x + 1x + 2x + 2x = 16

That’s it! We’re done discussing the different kinds

of proportion and how we will be able to identify and write
it.

On the next page, activities are waiting for you to

answer excellently. What are waiting for? Come on!

11
 What’s More

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, identify what proportion is shown in the

problem and write down its appropriate proportion statement by
letting x be the unknown, but do not solve for x.

For example:
Kind of
Problems Proportion statement
Proportion
Three pieces of pen cost 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 3 10
DIRECT
₱45.00. How much will 10 = =
PROPORTION 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 45 𝑥
pieces cost?

Kind of
Problems Proportion statement
Proportion
The ratio of boys to girls
in a class is 3:5. If there
are 40 students, how (1) (2)
many girls and boys are
there?
A baker uses 1,000
grams of flour to make 2
mini cakes. How many (3) (4)
grams of flour is needed
to make 7 mini cakes?
Earl traveled 15
kilometers in 3 hours.
(5) (6)
How many kilometers will
Earl travel in 5 hours?
Two men can finish doing
the interior designing of a
restaurant for 4 weeks.
(7) (8)
How many men is needed
to finish designing in a
week?
A total income of
₱900,000 will be
allocated to three
business partners; Tito, (9) (10)
Vic and Joey with the
ratio of 3:4:5. How much
will each receive?

12
 What I Have Learned

Surely, the discussion above gave you a better

understanding of the week’s lesson.

Now, let me check if you can still recall the discussion

on identifying the kinds of proportions.

Are you ready? Let’s go!

DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, write the word or group of word which will
complete the statements below. Please do not write anything on the
module.

1. Proportion is an equation showing two ratios which are .

2. In Direct Proportion, as one variable increases, the other variable .

3. Proportion means that an increase in the other variable will result

to a in the other variable.

4. Proportion is when a whole is partitioned into equal or unequal

parts.

5. It is important to identify first the between variables to know what

kind of proportion is present in the situation.

What I Can Do

DIRECTIONS: Below is the ingredients of a Filipino delicacy known as “PUTO”. This

ingredient will make 10 pieces of puto. On a separate sheet of paper,

13
 write the proportion for each ingredient, supposing that you need to
make 30 pieces of puto. Use x for the unknown but do not solve it.
Afterwards, answer the following questions below. Please do not write
anything on the module.

FOR EXAMPLE
PUTO INGREDIENTS (10 servings) PUTO INGREDIENTS (30 servings)

𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟 2 𝑥 10
2 cups rice flour = =
𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑜 30

3
cups sugar
4
1
1 tablespoons baking powder
2
1
teaspoon salt
4

1 cup water

1
can coconut milk
2

Questions:

1. What is the relationship between the ingredients and the number of puto to be
cooked?
2. What kind of proportion is shown in this situation?

Great job!

Now, let’s us see whether you really learn something

from our discussion by taking this evaluation.

Goodluck!

14
 Assessment

DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each problem below. On a separate sheet of paper,

write the letter of your answer on the following questions. Please do

not write anything on the module.

Problem: Five kittens can consume 10 boxes of fish cereal a week. How many boxes

of fish cereals are needed to feed the kittens if 7 more kittens will be added?

1. What kind of proportion is present in the problem?

A. Direct Proportion

B. Inverse Proportion

C. Partitive Proportion

2. Which of the following shows the mathematical proportion statement of the

problem?

5 𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑥 𝑏𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 10 5 𝑥

A. = ⟹ =
7 𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 7 10

𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 5 7
B. = =
𝑏𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 10 𝑥

C. 5x : 7x = 10

Problem: Sarah wants to make loom designs for her and her friend. If it takes 40

minutes to make 3 loom designs, how long will it take for her to make 5 loom designs?

3. What proportion shows the relationship of the variables in the problem?

A. Direct Proportion

15
 B. Inverse Proportion

C. Partitive Proportion

4. What is the appropriate proportion statement of the problem?

𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 40 𝑥
A. = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑠 3 5

3 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑠 𝑥 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 3 𝑥

B. = ⟹ =
5 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑠 40 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 5 40

C. 3x : 5x = 40

Problem: Mr. Dalupan donated ₱100,000 as a club fund for the upcoming school

fair. Three school clubs will share the amount in the ratio of 2:3:5. How much will

each club receive?

5. Which proportions is shown in the problem?

A. Direct Proportion

B. Inverse Proportion

C. Partitive Proportion

6. Which of the following is the appropriate proportion statement of the problem?

𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑏 2 𝑥
A. = =
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛 100 5
𝑡

B. 2x : 3x : 5x = 100,000

2 𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑏 5𝑥 2 5
C. = ⟹ =
3 𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑏 100,000 3 100,00

Problem: It took Ms. Cruz an hour to construct a Mathematics test for her 3 classes.

How many minutes will it take for her to construct a test for 5 classes?

16
 7. What proportion is present in the problem?

A. Direct Proportion

B. Inverse Proportion

C. Partitive Proportion

8. What is the proportion statement of the problem?

A. 3x : 5x = 60

3 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 3 𝑥
B. = ⟹ =
5 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 5 60

𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 3 5
C. = =
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 60 𝑥

Problem: A cabinet furniture can be made for 3 weeks with 2 workers. How long will it

take for 3 workers to finish the cabinet?

9. What proportion is evident in the situation?

A. Direct Proportion

B. Inverse Proportion

C. Partitive Proportion

10. What is the appropriate proportion statement of the problem?

𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 2 3
A. = =
𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑠 3 𝑥

2 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑥 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑠3
B. =
3 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑠

C. 2x : 3x = 3

17
Problem: Willy is donating ₱1,000,000 to the people in Manila who are affected by the

pandemic. He will be dividing the fund in five cities with the ratio of 1:2:3:2:4. How

much will each city receive?

11. What kind of proportion shows the relation in the problem?

A. Direct Proportion

B. Inverse Proportion

C. Partitive Proportion

12. What is the appropriate proportion statement in the problem?

A. 1x : 2x : 3x: 2x : 4x = ₱1,000,000

𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 5 4
B. = =
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛 ₱1,000,000 𝑥
𝑡

5 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 4 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
C. =
₱1,000,000 𝑥
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡

Problem: Angelica is preparing food for their family gathering. She decided to make

baked macaroni which can be baked for 30 minutes for every pan. A pan of baked

macaroni can be served to 8 persons. If there will be 30 persons present in their

gathering, how many pans must she prepare?

13. What kind of proportion shows the relationship between the number of

persons to the number of pans of baked mac?

A. Direct Proportion

B. Inverse Proportion

C. Partitive Proportion

14. What is the appropriate proportion statement of the situation?

18
 8 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑥 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠
A. =
30 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠 1 𝑝𝑎𝑛
𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠 1 𝑥
B. = =
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠 8 30
C. 1x : 8x = 30

15.What kind of proportion is shown in the relationship between the number of

pans and the time it will take to make a baked macaroni?
A. Direct Proportion
B. Inverse Proportion
C. Partitive Proportion

Additional Activities

DIRECTIONS: Do the activity below and answer the following questions on a separate
sheet of paper. Please do not write anything on the module.

Borrow 120 pesos from your mother or father. Divide the money with you and 2 other
members of the family with the ratio of 1:2:3. Complete the table by writing down the
amount that each child received.

Amount

You (1)

Family Member 1 (2)

Family Member 2 (3)

Questions:

1. What kind of proportion is used in the situation?

2. How were you able to compute for the amount to be received by each member of
the family?

Congratulations!

We have successfully accomplished our mission for

this module!

I will see you on our next module!!

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References
Lopez, B., Martin-Lundag, L. and Dagal, K., 2016. Business Math (Teacher's
Manual). Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

Lopez, B., Martin-Lundag, L. and Dagal, K., 2016. Business Math (Textbook).
Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

“Direct and Inverse Proportion”. BYJUS.com, 2002

https://byjus.com/maths/direct-and-inverse-proportion/

"Download Free Photo Of Egg,Egg Carton,Chicken Eggs,Egg Packaging,Stack -

From Needpix.Com". Needpix.Com, 2020.
https://www.needpix.com/photo/download/399547/egg-egg-carton-
chicken-eggs-egg-packaging-stack-stacked-egg-box-plate-shape-hens-egg.

"File:Roadtrip 04 Bg 041506.Jpg - Wikimedia Commons".

Commons.Wikimedia.Org, 2020.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roadtrip_04_bg_041506.jpg.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: [email protected]

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