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DNA From The Beginning - Mendelian Genetics Go To: Children Resemble Their Parents

This document summarizes Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that established the fundamental laws of inheritance. It describes how Mendel conducted crosses between pea plants with distinct traits like seed color, flower position and seed shape. His experiments showed that traits are determined by discrete factors, now known as genes, which are inherited from parents in pairs and sorted independently into gametes. Offspring phenotypes are determined by which alleles they receive from each parent. Mendel's work laid the foundation for modern genetics by demonstrating that genes do not blend but are passed intact from parents to offspring according to predictable statistical patterns.

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Jose Monterrosa
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3K views4 pages

DNA From The Beginning - Mendelian Genetics Go To: Children Resemble Their Parents

This document summarizes Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that established the fundamental laws of inheritance. It describes how Mendel conducted crosses between pea plants with distinct traits like seed color, flower position and seed shape. His experiments showed that traits are determined by discrete factors, now known as genes, which are inherited from parents in pairs and sorted independently into gametes. Offspring phenotypes are determined by which alleles they receive from each parent. Mendel's work laid the foundation for modern genetics by demonstrating that genes do not blend but are passed intact from parents to offspring according to predictable statistical patterns.

Uploaded by

Jose Monterrosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DNA from the Beginning – Mendelian Genetics

Go to http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/1/concept/index.html

Children resemble their parents


Read the text and answer the following questions
1. How have useful traits been accumulated in plants and animals over the centuries?
Through genes inherited by offspring from their parents.
2. Was there a scientific way to predict the outcome of a cross between two parents?
Yes, via Punnett Squares and Dihybrid Crosses.
3. Who determined that individual traits are determined by discrete “factors’? In what year?
Gregor Mendelv in 1865.
4. These “factors” are now known as
Genes, inherited from parents.
5. Summarize what Mendel did?
He discovered that individual traits are determined by factors called genes. Transforming agricultural
breeding into a legitimate science. He also made the Mendellian and non-Mendelian traits which are used to
describe non-mutated and mutated traits.

Click on Animation at the bottom of the page. Move through the animation and answer the following questions.
1. Why did Mendel work with pea plants?
Because they are easy to grow and have very distinctive and distinguishable traits
4. The next question deals with how pea plants self-fertilize
A) In the flower the male sex part is the stamens.
What does it drop inside the immature flower? Pollen
B) Name the female sex part? Pistils
C) What are the sex cells that develop there? Eggs
D) What fertilizes the eggs? Pollen
E) Why do you think this is called self-fertilization? I think
so because it is one organism reproducing unlike humans who
require two organisms of the opposite sex.
F) The next question deals with how pea plants
cross-fertilize
5. Summarize how cross-fertilization is accomplished?
The fusion of male and female gametes from two individuals of the same species.

Why is it different from self-fertilization?


The fusion of male and female gametes from one individual.

Self-fertilization Cross-fertilization
On the right menu bar click on number 2 “Genes come in pairs”. Then at the bottom click on
Animation.
Click through the animation and answer the following questions
1. What is a phenotype? A physical or visible trait
2. What are the seven pairs of traits Mendel worked with in pea plants?
a. Flower Position b. Stem Length (height) c. Seed Shape d. Seed Color
e. Seed Coat Color f. Pod Shape g. Pod Color
3. Explain what Mendel reasoned from the existence of yellow and green seed colors
That there are different tiers of purity strains to Mendelian genetics. This is known as Mendelian
dominance where one allele is dominant than the other recessive allele or “less-dominant” trait.

4. What is an allele? A gene.


5. What is a genotype? A pair of alleles.
6. If a pea plant has the two alleles YY. What is its phenotype? Yellow seed color.
What is its genotype? YY

On the right menu bar click on number 3 “Genes don’t blend”. Then at the bottom click on
Animation.
Click through the animation.
2. What observations did Mendel make and what problem did he have to solve?
The observations he made were organisms in this case peas have distinct phenotypes or
physical/visible traits typically in pairs. He solved the problem of what phenotypes are determined by. His
explanation being they’re determined by genotypes, which are made from groups of alleles or genes all in your
DNA.

On the right menu bar click on number 4 “Genes don’t blend”. Then at the bottom click on
Animation.
Click through the entire animation. Answer the following using the type of diagram that is found in the
animation
1. Diagram the cross & offspring between pure-bred green with pure-bred yellow.
3. Diagram the cross between two heterozygous plants (Yy x Yy)

On the right menu bar click on number 5 “Gene inheritance follows rules”. Then at the bottom click on
Animation.
Click through the animation.
1. Explain Mendel’s law of segregation
Mendel’s law of segregation was that each trait of an organism is defined by a pair of genes. As well as
each parent of that organism can produce two types of gametes, in which one allele is “randomly-separated”
into each gamete.

2. Draw a Punnett square showing the heterozygous cross of two yellow seeds Yy x Yy.

Which genotype gives the green phenotype? yy Which genotype gives the yellow
phenotype? YY, Yy
Give an example from above that explains the 3 to 1 ratio.
When two crossing heterozygous alleles since it contains the dominant allele, Y, and the recessive allele
y, and the heterozygous alleles itself, Yy it’s imminent and evident that ¾ or 3:1 of the offspring will receive a
dominant phenotype.
Part 2 – Problem Sets & Tutorials
Go to http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/mendelian_genetics.html

Take out a piece of scratch paper. Diagram the problem on a Punnett square before looking at the tutorial.
Good Luck!

Click on Monohybrid Cross. Do problem set #1-13. Use the tutorial to help you understand the problem.
Completed; 100%

Click on Dihybrid Cross. Do problem set #1-9. Use the tutorial to help you understand the problem.
Completed; 100%

Click on Sex-linked Inheritance l. Do problem set #1-10. Use the tutorial to help you understand the problem.
Completed; 100%

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