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Emf Equation of Alternator

The document discusses the EMF equation of an alternator/AC generator. It explains that an alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy using a rotating magnetic field and stationary armature. It then provides the full EMF equation as: Average value of EMF per conductor = (4.44 x Number of Poles x Frequency x Flux per pole x Number of turns) The actual available voltage per phase is given by: Voltage = (4 x Distribution Factor x Cosine Factor x Frequency x Flux x Number of turns) It notes that for a star-connected alternator, the line voltage is √3 times the phase voltage.

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The Engineers EDGE, Coimbatore
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2K views2 pages

Emf Equation of Alternator

The document discusses the EMF equation of an alternator/AC generator. It explains that an alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy using a rotating magnetic field and stationary armature. It then provides the full EMF equation as: Average value of EMF per conductor = (4.44 x Number of Poles x Frequency x Flux per pole x Number of turns) The actual available voltage per phase is given by: Voltage = (4 x Distribution Factor x Cosine Factor x Frequency x Flux x Number of turns) It notes that for a star-connected alternator, the line voltage is √3 times the phase voltage.

Uploaded by

The Engineers EDGE, Coimbatore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EMF Equation of an Alternator / AC Generator

An alternator or AC generator (dynamo) is a device which convert mechanical


energy to electrical energy. When we supply the magnetizing current by DC shunt
generator through two slip rings (in recent alternators, they use electronic starting
system instead of slip rings and commutators) because the field magnets are
rotating. keep in mind that most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a
stationary armature.
When the rotor rotates, the stator conductors which are static in case of alternator
cut by magnetic flux , they have induced EMF produced in them (according
to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction which states that if a conductor or
coil links with any changing flux, there must be an induced emf in it.
Note: We will discuss the construction, Working & Operation. Types of Alternators in
details in our next posts.

This induced EMF can be found by the EMF equation of the alternator which as
follow:
Lets,
P = No. of poles
Z = No. of Conductors or Coil sides in series/phase i.e. Z = 2T…Where T is the
number of coils or turns per phase (Note that one turn or coil has two ends or sides)
f = frequency of induced EMF in Hz
Φ = Flux per pole (Weber)
N = rotor speed (RPM)

Kd= Distribution factor =

Where Distribution factor = Kd =


Kc or KP = Cos α/2
If induced EMF is assumed sinusoidal then,
Kf = Form factor = 1.11
In one revolution of the rotor i.e. in 60/N seconds, each conductor is cut by a flux
of ΦP Webers.
dΦ = ΦP and also dΦ = 60/N seconds

then induced e.m.f per conductor ( average) = ….. (i)


But we know that:
f = PN / 120 or N= 120f / P
Putting the value of N in Equation (i), we get,

Average value of EMF per conductor = ∴ (N= 120f/P)


If there are Z conductors in series per phase,
then average e.m.f per phase = 2 f Φ Z Volts = 4 f ΦT Volts ….. (Z=2T)
Also we know that;
Form Factor= RMS Value / Average Value
= RMS value= Form factor x Average Value,
= 1.11 x 4fΦT = 4.44fΦT Volts.
(Note that is exactly the same equation as the EMF equation of the transformer)
And the actual available voltage per phase
= 4 Kc Kd f ΦT = 4 Kf Kc Kd f ΦT Volts.
Note: If alternator or AC generator is star connected as usually the case, then the
Line Voltage is √3 times the phase voltage as derived from the the above formula.

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