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Chapter 14 Notes-1

This document provides an overview of vector concepts including: 1) Defining vectors and scalars, and representing vectors using directed line segments. 2) Explaining geometric operations with vectors such as addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication. 3) Discussing vectors in planes and spaces, including finding magnitudes and using unit vectors.

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Regina Lin
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94 views14 pages

Chapter 14 Notes-1

This document provides an overview of vector concepts including: 1) Defining vectors and scalars, and representing vectors using directed line segments. 2) Explaining geometric operations with vectors such as addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication. 3) Discussing vectors in planes and spaces, including finding magnitudes and using unit vectors.

Uploaded by

Regina Lin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 14 Notes – Vectors

I. 14A – Vectors and Scalars


a. Scalars
i. Quantities which have
1.
b. Vectors
i. Quantities which have
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

c. Directed Line Segment Representation


i. We can represent a vector quantity using a directed line segment or .
ii. The length of the arrow represents the or magnitude of the quantity, and the
arrowhead shows its .
1. Draw a scale diagram to represent a force of 40 Newtons in a north-easterly direction.

d. Vector Notation

e. Geometric Vector Equality


i. Two vectors are equal if they have the same
1. Must be parallel and equal in length.

f. Geometric Negative Vectors


i. Vectors that have the same length but go in opposite directions.
ii.

II. 14B – Geometric Operations with Vectors


a. We often use vectors for problems involving distances and directions which are called
i. EX: A runner runs east for 4 km and then south for 2 km. How far is she from her starting point
and in what direction?

b. Geometric Vector Addition


i. Suppose we have three towns P, Q, and R. A trip from P to Q followed by a trip from Q to R has
the same origin and destination as a trip from P to R.

This can be expressed in vector form as the sum

ii. To construct a + b:
1. Draw a.
2. At the arrowhead end of a, draw b.
3. Join the beginning of a to the arrowhead end of b. This is vector a + b.

iii.

c. The Zero Vector


i. The zero vector 0 is a vector of length 0.
1. For any vector a:
ii.

d. Geometric Vector Subtraction


i. To subtract one vector from another, we simply

ii.

iii.
e. Vector Equations
i. Vector equations can usually be written in several ways, but they are all equivalent.

ii.

f. Geometric Scalar Multiplication


i. If a is a vector and k is a scalar, then ka is also a vector and we have are performing scalar
multiplication.
1. If 𝑘 > 0, ka and a have the
direction.
2. If 𝑘 < 0, ka and a have
directions.
3. If 𝑘 = 0, .

ii.

III. 14C – Vectors in the Plane


a. Consider the point P (2, 5).
i.
b. Two vectors are equal if their components are equal.

c.

IV. 19D – Magnitude of a Vector


a.

b. Unit Vectors
i. A vector which has a length of .

c.

V. 19E – Operations with Plane Vectors


a.

i. Addition:

ii. Subtraction:

iii. Negative:

iv. Scalar Multiplication:


b.

c.
VI. 14F – The Vector Between Two Points
a. Consider the points A (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) and B (𝑏1 , 𝑏2 ).

b.

c.

VII. 14G – Vectors in Space


a.
b. The Magnitude of a Vector
𝑣1
𝑣
i. If 𝐯 = ( 2 ) then the magnitude or length is
𝑣3

c. Vectors Between Two Points


i.

ii.

d. Vector Equality
i.

ii.

VIII. 14H – Operations with Vectors in Space


a. The rules for algebra with vectors readily extend from 2 – D to 3 – D.
i. Addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication.
ii. For vectors a, b, c and 𝑘 ∈ ℝ:

b. The rules for solving vector equations are similar to those for solving real number equations.
i. Consider the vector equation 2x = a. Solve for x.

1. We cannot a vector by a scalar. Instead, multiply by the scalar.


c.

d.

e.

IX. 14I – Parallelism


a. Two non-zero vectors are parallel if and only if one is a scalar multiple of the other.
i. Given any non-zero vector v and non-zero scalar k, the vector kv is parallel to v.
ii.
iii.

b. Unit Vectors
i.

ii.

iii.

c. Collinear Points
i. Three or more points are said to be if ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ for some scalar k.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘𝐵𝐶

ii.
X. 14J – The Scalar Product of Two Vectors
a. There are two different types of product involving two vectors. These are:

i. Therefore, v, v2, or (v)2 has not meaning and is not used.

b. Scalar Product

c. Angle Between Vectors

d. Algebraic Properties of the Scalar Product (2-D and 3-D)

i. Be careful not to confuse the scalar product with scalar multiplication.

e. Geometric Properties of the Scalar Product


f.

g.

h.

i.

j.
XI. 14K – The Vector Product of Two Vectors
a. The vector product arises when we attempt to find a vector which is perpendicular to two other known
vectors.

b. Algebraic Properties of the Vector Cross Product

c.

d.

e.
f.

g.

h. The length of a X b

OUTCOMES OUTCOMES
 I can distinguish between a vector and a scalar.  I can calculate the angle between two vectors.
 I can draw a vector to represent a given situation.  I can find the vector product of two vectors.
 I can define equal vectors.  I can solve problems involving vector operations.
 I can define opposite vectors.  I can find the area of a triangle and a parallelogram
 I can add & subtract vectors. using vector product.
 I can multiply a vector by a scalar.  I can find the vector, parametric, and Cartesian
 I can write a vector in either unit vector form or equation of a line.
component form.  I can find the angle between two lines.
 I can calculate the magnitude of a vector.  I can solve problems involving vector concepts.
 I can define a unit vector.  I can find the intersection point of two vector lines.
 I can calculate a position vector.  I can classify two lines are intersecting, parallel,
 I can determine if two vectors are parallel or coincident, coplanar, or skew.
perpendicular.  I can find the equation of a plane.
 I can find the scalar product of two vectors.  I can find the angle between a line and a plane.

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