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4.05 Personality: Name: Date: School: Facilitator

Charles Spearman believed intelligence is a general innate ability, while Howard Gardner identified seven types of intelligence. Robert Sternberg proposed three types of intelligence in his triarchic theory. The Flynn effect shows rising IQ scores over time. Intelligence is influenced by both heredity and environment. Tests can show biases toward ethnic or socioeconomic groups. Personality encompasses traits making individuals unique. Psychoanalytic, sociocognitive, trait, and humanistic theories explain personality in different ways. Common measures of personality include the NEO-PI, MMPI, and projective tests like Rorschach inkblots.

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455 views2 pages

4.05 Personality: Name: Date: School: Facilitator

Charles Spearman believed intelligence is a general innate ability, while Howard Gardner identified seven types of intelligence. Robert Sternberg proposed three types of intelligence in his triarchic theory. The Flynn effect shows rising IQ scores over time. Intelligence is influenced by both heredity and environment. Tests can show biases toward ethnic or socioeconomic groups. Personality encompasses traits making individuals unique. Psychoanalytic, sociocognitive, trait, and humanistic theories explain personality in different ways. Common measures of personality include the NEO-PI, MMPI, and projective tests like Rorschach inkblots.

Uploaded by

Kaya S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Kaya Spence

Date:
School:
Facilitator:

4.05 Personality
1. Describe methods of assessing individual differences:

Personality testing depends on the approach. There are three major approaches to personality assessment:
self report inventories, projective tests and behavioral assessments. Intelligence testing is a second type of
assessment of individual differences. A controversial issue from this is that there is no one accepted defition
of intelligence
Describe the following theories of intelligence:

2. Charles Spearman’s general 3. Howard Garner’s multiple 4. Robert Sternberg’s triarchic


(g) factor intelligences theory of intelligence

Charles Spearman believed Howard Gardner is a modern Robert believes that


that intelligence is a general day psychologist who intelligence has less to do
ability that is innate and acts believes that there are seven with success in the classroom
as a specific cognitive fuel for types of intelligence: and more to do with success
abilities. Linguistic, Logical, in the real world. His three
Kinesthetic, Spatial, musical, types of intelligence called
interpersonal, and the triarchic theory are:
intrapersonal. Analytical, Creative, and
Practical intelligence
5. Describe different types of intelligence tests, including the Flynn effect:

The Flynn Effect is a world-wide increase in IQ scores of about 3 IQ points per decade. That is, people today
score higher on an old IQ test than people the same age did who took the same test decades earlier.
6. Describe how intelligence may be influenced by differences in heredity and environment:

Nature-nurture play a big part in intelligence. On nature, studies of identical twins vs. unrelated children
raised together as well as apart show the influence of heredity. One the other side of the debate, parents
can give their children an environment favorable to the development of intelligence and this favors the
nature side
7. Describe how intelligence may be influenced by biases toward ethnic minority and socioeconomic groups:

Test bias is said to occur when a test yields higher or lower score when administered to specific groups of a
particular ethnic minority or socioeconomic group.
8. Briefly explain the role of personality development in human behavior:

There are many definitions of personality but the one that is used most is that personality is the sum of
traits that makes us unique. Personality covers the individual’s unique way of thinking, feeling, and
behaving.
Differentiate between the following theories of personality:

9. Psychoanalytic 10. Sociocognitive 11. Trait 12. Humanistic


There are two forms of It is a learning theory based on The trait perspective of The humanistic approach
instinctual energy. The life the ideas that people learn by personality is centered on focuses on each
instinct called eros which observing others. These identifying, describing and individual’s potential and
accounts for self preservation learned behaviors can be measuring the specific stresses the importance
behaviors and the thanatos or central to one’s personality. traits that make up human of growth and self-
death instinct which pushes Social psychologists agree that personality. BY actualization. They focus
people to destructive behavior. the environment in which one understanding the traits, on the ability on the
These eros and thanatos grows up contributes to researchers believe they ability of human beings
energies are the fuel for behavior, the individual person can better comprehend the to think consciously and
personality traits. Freud is just as important. There are differences between rationally, to control
believed that three interacting five core individuals. The their biological urges,
systems result in personality. concepts:observational combination and and to achieve their full
learning/modeling, outcome interaction of various traits potential. In the
expectations, self-efficacy, goal forms a personality that is humanistic view, people
setting and self-regulation. It is unique to each individual. are responsible for their
important to note that learning lives and actions and
can occur without a change in have the freedom and
behavior will change their
attitudes and behavior.

Describe the following measures of personality:

13. Neuroticism-Extroversion- 14. The Minnesota Multiphasic 15. Projective tests such as the
Openness Personality Inventory Personality Inventory Rorschach and Inkblot
(NEO-PI), (MMPI)
The NEO Personality Inventory It is a widely used assessment and The Rorschach tests gives the
measures the Big Five traits. it has a multitude of questions to person a set of inkblots, similar to
Extraversion (your level of which the person responds true or this one, and they are asked what
sociability and enthusiasm), false. The MMPI gives a profile of they see. The examiner observes
Agreeableness (your level of the person on clinical scales. The how the cards are held, how long
friendliness and kindness), MMPI has been revised from the they are held, what the subject
Conscientiousness (your level of original and the new test is called responds to and then asses the
organization and work ethic), the MMPI-2 responses bases on a very involved
Emotional Stability (your level of scoring process focusing on the
calmness and tranquility), and major themes
Intellect (your level of creativity
and curiosity)

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