Network:

1) levels of OSI in vast detail

physical, datalink , network , transport, session , presentation application – PDNTSPA
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2)  Levels of TCP Model

a. Network, internet, transport, application

b.
3) What is the difference between network Layer 2 and 3?
a. Layer 2 formats data and layer 3 decides the data path

4) what is layer 3 of the OSI model. Describe.

a. Network layer describes which physical path to take to communicate between 2 networks
5) Layer 4 and Layer 7 load balancer and how they work?
a. Layer 4 load balancing operates at the intermediate transport layer, which deals with delivery of
messages with no regard to the content of the messages. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is
the Layer 4 protocol for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic on the Internet. Layer 4 load
balancers simply forward network packets to and from the upstream server without inspecting the
content of the packets. They can make limited routing decisions by inspecting the first few packets
in the TCP stream.

b. Layer 7 load balancing operates at the high-level application layer, which deals with the actual
content of each message. HTTP is the predominant Layer 7 protocol for website traffic on the
Internet. Layer 7 load balancers route network traffic in a much more sophisticated way than
Layer 4 load balancers, particularly applicable to TCP-based traffic such as HTTP. A Layer 7 load
balancer terminates the network traffic and reads the message within. It can make a load-balancing
decision based on the content of the message (the URL or cookie, for example). It then makes a
new TCP connection to the selected upstream server (or reuses an existing one, by means of HTTP
keepalives) and writes the request to the server.

6) Load balancer L3 and L5. 

a.
7) TCP vs. UDP and its use cases

a.
8) What newer technologies would use UDP
a. VOIP and conferencing
9) What is a router, Hub and Switch and how do they differ
a. Router is connect various networks simultaneously, A Hub is a networking device that allows you
to connect multiple PCs to a single network, whereas a Switch connects various devices together
on a single computer network.
b. Router Operates in the network layer, A Hub operates on the physical layer, whereas Switch
operates on the data link layer.
c. Router is full duplex, Hub uses Half-duplex cable on the other hand Switch uses Full duplex
cables
d. Hub is a passive device while the switch is an active device
e. Router send data in packets, Switch send in the form of packets and frames

10) what is an ARP?

a. It’s an address resolution protocol which maps IP to MAC
11) What is cider? What is CIDR block, when and what do you use it for
a. Class Inter-domain Routing is user to create unique identifiers for networks and individual devices
b. Improves the efficiency of address distribution and replaces the previous system based
on Class A, Class B and Class C networks.
 c.

12) Difference between multicast and unicast

a.
13) What is a firewall and WAF
14) Stateful and stateless Firewall
15) What is a web application firewall and how do you use it, what layer is it on
16) What is an IDS , IDP
17) What is the port for DNS, HTTP, Telnet, etc?
18) Difference between QOS and bandwidth control
19) Is HTTP a UDP protocol or TCP protocol?
20) What is DNS?
21) Could you please explain the whole process of how DNS works?
22) What is the significance of 53 in route 53 ?
23) What is DOS/DDOS and how to mitigate this ?
24) What is the difference between an IPSec and an SSL VPN?
25) What is HTTP Socket?
26) Components of HTTP call?
27) What is reverse proxy ?
28) What is SSL?
29) Could you please explain how SSL handshake happens step by step?
30) Explain public/private key encryption   
31) how can you optimize data flow over a high bandwidth/high latency link   
32) Describe how network virtualization works
33) What is SDWAN
34) Describe the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption.
35) Which algorithm does an Elastic Load Balancer use?
36) How does a load balancer ensure that end users are able to access the web front end of an
application?
37) What are some web protocols?
38) What is identity management?
39) Where are customer encryption keys stored
40) How do you secure a web site
41) Difference between Asymetric and symetric crypto
42) Difference between encryption and hashing ?
43) What is MPLS and describe it?
44) How to speed up a high latency link/high speed link?
 45) RAID - software vs hardware? How does it differ from WAN optimizer?

Compute:

1) What is a Bastion host?

2) What is cloud computing?
3) Walk me through the process of setting up a server, etc.
4) Tell me What is a hypervisor?  
5) What is Virtualization?
6) What is a Hypervisor and how does it work to distinguish multiple VMs running on it and isolate
them from the underlying h/w?
7) What is a virtual machine or a container? What differentiates the two?   Answer Question
8) Difference between a cluster and mirroring?   Answer Question
9) Difference between horizontal and vertical scaling?   Answer Question
10) What's Monolithic vs Microservices? Use cases for each?   Answer Question
11) how would you horizontally and/or vertically scale a multi-tier architecture?
12) what is the LAMP stack
13) How do you stop apache service
14) Whats RTO and RPO?   
15) What are the top 3 most important aspects of SaaS
16) How many 9's of availability are required?  
17) Cloud migration methodologies
18) How does a web server authenticate to a database?
19) How would you explain the term "Cloud" to the CEO of a mid-scale company?
20) Please explain in as many technical details as possible. What happens when you type
www.amazon.co.uk in your web browser?    
21)  What tools have you used for infrastructure monitoring
22) managing web application state between EC2 instances running in an auto scaling group  
23) What is Docker? How does it work?
24) What is the difference between a Docker container and a Docker image?
25) What is Copy on Write in Docker
26)  Describe how HCI works
27) How would you monitor utilization of equipment in a datacenter
28) How do you secure a web site
29) If you collected logs and wanted to store them for 14 days then move them over to permanent
storage for a few years how would you do this
30) What are the steps involved in migrating customer application from Azure cloud to AWS. 
31) What happens when you open a browser and type in the website?
32) How to pass the state on one application to another ?
33) How to handle the apps that doesn't have state ?
34) What is a LAMP stack?
35) AVRO vs ORC vs Parquet  
 36) What is the difference between JSON and XML? When would you use JSON vs. XML?

Storage:

1) Discuss SSD vs traditional disk

2) What are the RAID levels,     Which one would a DB use
3) Describe and give examples of the differences between RAID levels. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of each level?
4) What is RAID 10?
5) Explain the difference between raid0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50 and 60
6) How to derive IOPS and what are they?
7) What is dedupe? What does dedupe mean....
8) Difference between object storage and file system
9) How would you analyze objects stored in S3 and share them with users
10) What is fan and nest storage ?
11) What is EBS?
12) Difference between block storage and object storage  

Database:

1) What are SQL databases good for?

2) What are NoSQL databases good for?
3) What's Datalake vs Data Warehouse?  
4) How can a database be scaled?
5) solution options to solve database performance issues
6) Which datastore to use and why? How do you decide which database to use - relational or non
relational ? 

7) What is a SQL/NoSQL database ? Use cases for each?   Answer Question

8) In what situations would you want to use a NoSQL database vs. a relational database?   2
Answers
9) How is NoSQL is more scalable than the SQL databases?
10) Difference between Database vs. Data Warehouse?  

11) Clustered database environment. and how do you expand and enlarge if need be?  
Answer Question
12) How many nodes a SQL 2016 can support
MS SharePoint Farm topology
How to host SQL 2015 nodes on AWS
13) How would you limit downtime,     What about maximizing uptime for the Db
14) Describe tools for data replication?  
15)  how would you scaling this type of application?   Answer Question
16)  explain difference between asymmetric and symmetric with some use cases
17) What is database indexing and why is it important
 18) How do you perform caching?
19) What would you do if a web application could not talk to the database?
20) Describe how to best organize a data mart database
21)  What ports do databases use
22) Difference between IOPS, Throughput, and Latency
23) What is indexing ? Give the example of bad index. Why is it a bad index ? How does indexing
work ?
24) A connection to database is made using an app, but it's not returning a response. How do you
debug this ?
25) How would you provide high availability for a database deployed on an instance in the cloud?
26) Do you know EMR and Redshift?

27) What is "MQTT"?  

28) Why is it hard to horizontally scale a SQL database?
29) How to scale a database
30) How would you recommend to a developer to adjust their code in order to handle
database caching?
31) Primary key and RDBMS
32) What is federation
33) describe database normalization
34) What is difference between cluster and mirroring

CI/CD:

1) What is continuous integration

2) What ci/cd tools have you used
3) What are the benefits of ci/cd

Data:

1) explain how datalake is used for

2) Partitioning data. why important
3) How would you debug a poor-performing data project for an upset client?
4)   What's olap vs oltp?  
5) Hadoop Architecture. Which Big Data technologies have you worked on?
6) What ETL
7) Data Lifecycle

Architecture:

1) From your point of view, what are the relevant responsibilities of an AWS Solution Architect?
2) Design a 3 tier application for 1 million users simultaneously. Prove that it is HA and
then later in the interview asks you to debug it.   Answer Question
3) What's a three tier web architecture, How would you limit downtime
    What about maximizing uptime for the Db
4) What else would you do for a high volume distributed app web site
 5) Describe a web application and all of its components.
6) Assume you are building an scalable website. Describe at high level how would you build this
solution
7) How would you design an e-commerce web page and how would you improve it
8) Whats a three tier web page architect,and how do you monitor to see a bottleneck and how do
you improve it
9) Design a highly scalable CDN system and describe how it works.
10) How do you architect a design that is fault tolerant?
11) how would you horizontally scale a multi-tier architecture at the top level (network)?
12) Did you ever come across a customer that his on-premise solution was not going to work in the
cloud?
13) Given that you have a content rich E-commerce website, what kind of Storage Tier would you
use to support the website?

14) What available option do you have when choosing a Workspace and what are the specifications
of each one?
15) Explain how to scale from a single 5 user database to a 50 user, 500 user, 5000 user and then 5
million user database and explain how to overcome each hurdle.
16) how would you design a 3-tier architecture that needed to support a heavy read workload?
17) how do you design a clustered database environment? what's a hot standby? describe failover.
18) How do you handle security objections about the cloud when dealing with public sector
customers?
19) How you challenge an existing process
20) How do you challenge a customer
21) How do you sell cloud to a compliance group
22) how to design fault tolerant, load balanced video stream service
23) What are the characteristic of a cloud solution?
24) What do you tell a client when there is no technical solution ?
25) Describe a time when you disagreed with a management decision and how you expressed your
opinion. What were the results?

Microservices:

1) How would a developer make an API friendlier

2) What is containerization and can you name a product in the field?

CDN:

1) What is a CDN?     How does a CDN make web sites faster

2) why you should use a CDN for a object with a zero TTL?
3) What is CDN and why is it important who would setup the CDN
4) Describe how you would build a content delivery network from scratch by coding it.
5) What kind of Metrics would you monitor for the E-commerce website application front-end?
does a CDN work?
Troubleshooting:

1) Tell me a time when you went deep to troubleshoot an issue.

2) Troubleshoot a webpage that can't access the DB
3) Troubleshoot why you can't access a webpage server
4) Tell me a way to optimize bandwidth utilzation in code
5) How do you write performant Java code?   
6)

Behavioral:

1) Describe a time you didn’t think you were going to meet a commitment you promised?
How did you identify the risk and communicate it to the stakeholder/team/customer?   1
Answer
2) Of the 14 principles which one do you relate with mostly and use at work, Which one do you not
agree with
3) Give me an example of a time you were able to deliver an important project under a tight
deadline? Did you have to make any sacrifices to meet this deadline?   1 Answer
4) Tell me about a time where you did not effectively manage your project and something
did not get completed on time?   1 Answer
5) Tell me about a time when you not only met a goal but considerably exceeded
expectations? How were you able to do this?   1 Answer
6) Why AWS? What brings you to be talking with us?   Answer Question
7) Can you describe a difficult interaction you’ve had with a customer? How did you deal
with it? Thinking back, what would you do differently?   1 Answer
8) Can you provide an example of when you when you asked a customer for feedback? How
did you use that feedback to drive innovation or improvement?   2 Answers
9) Sometimes customers make unreasonable requests, can you tell me about a time you
pushed back or said no to a customer? What did you do in response to that request?   1
Answer
10) Can you give me an example of a calculated risk you have taken where speed was
critical? What was the situation and how did you handle it?   1 Answer
11) Can you tell me about a time when you made an important business decision without
consulting your manager? What was the situation and how did it turn out?   1 Answer
12) Do you feel you have a good understanding of what this role is all about?   Answer
Question
13) What is your technical background?   Answer Question
14) Describe a software architecture you have helped design.   Answer Question
15) Can you think of a time you made a bad professional decision? What was the impact of
the decision? What did you learn?   1 Answer
16) Can you think of a time when you had to make a decision but you didn’t have enough
data to be sure you were making the right decision? What did you do and how did it work
out?   1 Answer
17) Pretend that I am a CIO of a company, how would you describe the value proposition of
AWS?   1 Answer
18) As you look back on your career so far, what would you say you’re most proud of?   1
Answer
 19) Building trust with teams can be difficult to achieve sometimes. Can you give me an
example of how you effectively built trusting working relationships with others?   1
Answer
20) What’s the coolest thing that you’ve learned on your own that you’ve then been able to
apply in your job and to further perform your job?   1 Answer
21) What was one situation where you met or exceeded customer's expectations?
22) Describe a conflict you had with your management and how you overcame it.
23) When is a time you had to take a calculated decision and make the leap?
24) What was your most proud momentum tech?
25) Explain a time you overcame adversity in school or in the workplace.
26) Example of an experience where I had to make a difficult decision and how I approached the
situation.
27) What was the last negative feedback you received from your last boss and how did you handle
it?  
28) So you have worked with a lot of cloud projects and products in the XYZ space, you have 45
minutes - impress me.
29) Are you familiar with competitor XYZ? Well, I'm a client and I want you to sell me on that
competitor's product.
30) Can you tell me about a time when you passionately worked towards a solution and it was a
failure.
31) Tell me about a time when you took on something significant outside your area of
responsibility and why was that important 
32) describe a time you needed the cooperation of a peer that was resistant? What was the
situation and how did you handle that? 
33) Tell me time when u delivered a project with tough timeline.
34) Tell me a time a decision you had that was rejected?  
    

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