Grade

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 3 – MODULE 5

MELC 6

Evidences of
Congruency

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PART I
MELC 6: Proves two triangles are congruent.

A. Introduction and Discussion

This module includes definition of congruent triangles, the congruence postulates
and theorems, and proving congruency of triangles. It also requires skills in writing proof. All
activities are related to knowledge and skills you should learn about proving congruent
triangles.

As you go over in this lesson, keep this question in mind, “When are two triangles
congruent? How is this congruence determined?”

Two line segments are congruent if their endpoints can be made to coincide. Two
angles are congruent if their sides can be made to coincide. Similarly, two triangles are
congruent if all their parts can be made to coincide. This implies that for two triangles to be
congruent, they must have the same shape and the same size. Consider the triangles below.

Suppose ABC is made to coincide with MON such that the vertices of ABC fit
exactly over the vertices of MON. A correspondence between vertices will be:
A M B O C N
This is read as “vertex A corresponds to vertex M”, and so forth.

The sides and angles will then match up like this:

Corresponding Angles Corresponding Sides
⦟A ⦟M AB MO
⦟B ⦟O BC ON
⦟C ⦟N AC MN
If the corresponding parts of ABC and MON are congruent, then the two triangles are
congruent. In symbols, ABC MON.

B. Illustrative Examples

Two triangles are congruent if their vertices can be paired so that

corresponding sides are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent.

Example
1. Refer to the figure on the right, ABD CBD.
Write down the six pairs of congruent corresponding
parts.

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 Before we study the postulates showing that two triangles are congruent with less
number of corresponding congruent parts, let us first identify the parts of a triangle in terms
of their relative positions.
 Included angle is the angle between two sides of a triangle.
 Included side is the side common to two angles of a triangle.

In MAT,
The included angle between AM and AT is ⦟A.
TAATATAT
The included angle between TA
Typeand TM here.
equation
is ⦟T.
TAATATAT
The included angle between MA and MT is ⦟M.
Type equation here.
TAATATAT
The included side between ⦟M and ⦟A is MA .
Type equation here.
TAA
The included side between ⦟A and⦟T is AT .
TAA
The included side between ⦟T and ⦟M is TM.
TAA

TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE POSTULATES

 Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence Postulate

If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent respectively to
two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Example

Given: ∆ABC ∆XYZ (Refer Figure 1)

Two sides and the included angle are congruent

AC ZX (side)
⦟ACB ⦟XZY (angle)
((ANGLEAAAA0(side)
CB ZY (side)
Figure 1
Therefore, by the Side Angle Side postulate, the triangles are congruent.

 Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence Postulate

If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent respectively to
two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Example Figure 2

Given: ∆ABC ∆XYZ (Refer Figure 2)

Two angles and the included side are congruent.

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 ⦟CAB ⦟ZXY (angle)
((ANGLEAAAA0(side)
AB XY (side)

⦟ABC ⦟XYZ (angle)

((ANGLEAAAA0(side)
Therefore, by the Angle Side Angle postulate, the triangles are congruent.

 Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence Postulate

If three sides of a triangle are congruent respectively to three sides of another

triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Example

Given: ∆ABC ∆XYZ (Refer Figure 3)

All three sides are congruent.

ZX CA (side)
XY AB (side)
Figure 3
YZ BC (side)
Therefore, by the Side Side Side postulate, the triangles are congruent.

 Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence Postulate

If two angles and a nonincluded side of one triangle are congruent to two angles
and a nonincluded side of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Example

Given: ∆ABC ∆XYZ (Refer Figure 4)

Two angles and the nonincluded side are congruent

⦟CAB ⦟ZXY (angle)
((ANGLEAAAA0(side)
⦟ABC ⦟XYZ (angle)
((ANGLEAAAA0(side)
AC XZ (side) Figure 4

Therefore, by the Angle Angle Side postulate, the triangles are congruent.

CONGRUENCE OF RIGHT TRIANGLE

A triangle with a right angle is a RIGHT TRIANGLE. In any triangle, the side opposite to the
right angle is called hypotenuse. The two other sides that intersect at the vertex of the right
angle are called legs.

 Leg – Leg (LL) Congruence Theorem

If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of another right triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

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Example

Consider two right triangles ABC and triangle MON such that AB MO and
BC ON. A M
(side)

B C O N
Since all right angles are congruent, then ⦟ABC ⦟MON . Thus, by SAS
Congruence Postulate, we have ∆ABC ∆MON. . Thus, by SASA

 Leg – Angle Congruence Theorem

If a leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to a leg and an
acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

Example

Consider now the right triangles CBA and FED with right angles at B and E,
respectively, such that BC EF and ⦟C ⦟F.
and

Again, since all right angles are congruent, then ⦟B ⦟E. Thus, by ASA Congruence
Postulate, we have ∆CBA ∆FED.

 Hypotenuse – Angle (HyA) Congruence Theorem

If an acute angle and the hypotenuse of one right triangle are congruent to an
acute angle and the hypotenuse of another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.

Example

Let us now consider right triangles ABC and DEF with right angles at B and E,
respectively, such that ⦟A ⦟D and AC DF.
and

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 Since all right angles are congruent, then ⦟A ⦟D. Thus, by AAS Congruence
Postulate, we have ∆ABC ∆DEF.

 Hypotenuse – Leg (HyL) Congruence Theorem

If a leg and the hypotenuse of one right triangle are congruent to a

corresponding leg and the hypotenuse of another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.

Example

Let ∆ACB ∆DFE be two right triangles with m⦟C m⦟F

AC DF (leg)
AB DE (hypotenuse)

Therefore, right triangles ABC and DEF are congruent.

PROVING CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLES

With your knowledge of the definition of congruent triangles and the different triangle
congruence postulates and theorems, you are now ready to prove deductively the
congruence of two triangles.

Using the two-column proof, let us find out how we can apply the congruence
postulates and theorems to prove that the two triangles are congruent. Study the following
examples.

Example 1
Given: AB RP
BC PQ
AC RQ

Prove: ABC RPQ

Statements Reasons
1. AB RP 1.Given

2. 2.Given
BC PQ
3. AC RQ 3.Given

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 4. ABC RPQ 4.SSS Postulate

Example 2
Given: RV ┴ SK
SR KR

Prove: RSV RKV

Statements Reasons

1. RV ┴ SK 1.Given

2. SR KR 2.Given

3. ⦟RVS and ⦟RVK are right angles 3.Definition of perpendicular

4. RVS and RVK are right triangles 4.Definition of right triangle

5. 5.Reflexive Property
RV RV

6. RSV RKV 6.HyL Theorem

Example 3
Given: ⦟MOS ⦟MES

SM bisects ⦟OSE

Prove: OMS EMS

Statements Reasons

1.⦟MOS ⦟MES 1. Given

2. 2.Given
SM bisects ⦟OSE
3.⦟OSM ⦟ESM 3.Defintion of angle bisector

4. SM SM 4.Reflexive Property

5. OMS EMS 5.AAS Congruence Theorem

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Part II: ACTIVITIES
A. Complete the table by listing the six pairs of corresponding congruent parts of the two
triangles below. QRS TUV

Corresponding Corresponding
Congruent Angles Congruent Sides

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.

B. Draw and label FOR, then answer the following questions.

1. What is the included angle between FO and OR ? _______
2. What is the included angle between TAATATAT
FR and FO ? _______
3. What is the included angle between FRTAATATAT
Type RO ?here.
equation
and _______
4. What is the included side between ⦟F and ⦟Requation
TAATATAT
Type ? here. _______ .
5. What is the included side between ⦟O and⦟R
Type equation
? here. _______ .
6. What is the included side between ⦟F and ⦟O? _______

C. In the figure below, tell whether the triangles are congruent by SAS, ASA, SSS, AAS
Congruence Postulate and LL, HyL, LA, HyA Congruence Theorem.

1. __________ 5. __________

2. __________ 6. __________

3. __________ 7 ___________

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 9
Part II: ACTIVITIES
A. For number 1-3, answer may interchange
1. ⦟RSQ ⦟UVT or ⦟S ⦟V
2. ⦟SQR ⦟VTU or ⦟Q ⦟T
3. ⦟QRS ⦟TUV or ⦟R ⦟U
For number 4-6, answer may interchange
4. RS UV
5. SQ VT
6. QR TU
B. 1. ⦟O 2. ⦟F 3. ⦟R 4. FR 5. OR 6. FO
C. 1. SAS 5. LL
2. AAS 6. HyL
3. HyA 7. SSS
4. ASA 8. LA
ANSWER KEY
4. CD 4. ACB
3.Vertical angles theorem 3.
2. BD bisects AE 2.
1.Given 1.
Reasons Statements
ECD ACB Prove:
BD bisects AE
⦟DEC Given: ⦟BAC
D. Complete the table of two-column proof below:
8. __________ 4. __________
Part III. ASSESSMENT

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following congruence postulates states that “If three sides of a triangle
are congruent respectively to three sides of another triangle, then the two triangles
are congruent”?
A. SAS B. ASA C. SSS D. AAS

2. Refer to Figure1 ∆PEN, what side is included between ⦟P and ⦟E?

A. PE B. PN C. NP D. NE

3. In SID MAP, which segment is congruent to SI ?

A. AP B. MP C. SM D. MA Figure 1
4. Which of the following congruence theorems states that “If a leg and an acute angle
of one right triangle are congruent to a leg and an acute angle of another right
triangle, then the triangles are congruent”?
A. LL B. LA C. HyL D. HyA

5. In SUM FID, which angle is congruent to ⦟M?

A. ⦟F B. ⦟D C. ⦟I D. ⦟S

6. In LED FIR, then RIF is congruent to _____.

A. ELD B. LDE C. DEL D. DLE

7. Refer to Figure 2, if the corresponding congruent parts are

marked, how can you prove ABC CDA?
A. SSS B. SAS C. ASA D. AAS
Figure 2
8. What side is included between ⦟Y and ⦟O in YOU?
A. YU B. OU C. UY D. YO
YO

9. In ∆CAN, what angle is included between AC and AN ?

A. ⦟NCA B. ⦟CNA C. ⦟CAN D. ⦟ACN

10. Which of the following shows the correct congruence statement for the figure below?
A. ABC PRQ
B. ABC PQR
C. CAB RQP
D. CAB QPR

For number 11 to 15, complete the proof below:

Given: LE VO
LO VE

Prove: ∆LEV ∆VOL

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 Statements Reasons
11. Given
LO VE 12.
13. 14.
∆LEV ∆VOL 15.

References:

Dilao, Soledad J., etal., Geometry Textbook for Third Year, SD Publications, Inc., 2009, pp
89-108

Abuzo, Emmanuel P , etal , Mathematics Grade 8 Learner’s Module, Book Media Press,
Inc., 2013, pp 343-364

https://www.mathwarehouse.com/geometry/congruent_triangles/side-angle-side-
postulate.php

https://www.mathwarehouse.com/geometry/congruent_triangles/angle-side-angle-
postulate.php

https://www.mathwarehouse.com/geometry/congruent_triangles/side-side-side-postulate.php

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-geometry-second-edition/

https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/geometry/triangles/right_triangle_congruen
ce

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/prove-triangles-congruent.html#:~:text=
Using%20Two%20Column%20Proofs%20To%20Prove%20Triangles

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-sas-asa-sss-triangle-congruence-
postulates.html

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