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Assignment 0
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How to access MCQs in assignment 0

the home
page? 1) What is the bandwidth of RC LPF? 1 point

How to access
the course 1/RC
page?

How to access RC
the MCQ, MSQ
and
Programming RC 2
assignments?

R2 C
Quiz :
Assignment 0
No, the answer is incorrect.
Week 1
Score: 0

Week 2 Accepted Answers:

RC
Week 3
2) X is Rayleigh distributed with parameter λ = 1, then X2 is distributed 1 point

Week 4

Week 5 exponentially distributed with parameter α =1

Week 6 Rayleigh distributed with parameter λ =1

Week 7
exponentially distributed with parameter α = 1/√2
Week 8

Week 9 Rayleigh distributed with parameter λ = 1/√2

Week 10 No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Week 11
Accepted Answers:
Week 12 exponentially distributed with parameter α =1
3) Number of child births in a day in a town is a random variable N , which is Poisson 1 point
distributed with parameter λ. In each birth, the probability of the child being a girl is p. The probability
distribution of the number of girls born in a day is given by

Poisson distributed with parameterλp

Poisson distributed with parameter λp2

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Poisson distributed with parameterλp

Short answer questions in assignment 0

4) A binomial distribution with parameters n = 15 and p = 0.6 has mean

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No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) 9
(Type: String) 9.0

1 point

5) Variance of two independent random variables X and Y are 4 and 5 respectively. The variance of
2X+3Y is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) 61

1 point

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Unit 2 - Week
1

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Assignment 1
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Week 1 Short answer questions for assignment 1.

Lecture 1 : A1)
source has two symbols – s1 and s2. The probability of s2 is half that of s1. The duration of the s1 is
Course 0.2 and the s2 is 0.4 seconds. What is the information rate of the source (in bits/sec) ?
Overview

Lecture 2 :
Introduction to
Information No, the answer is incorrect.
Theory Score: 0

Lecture 3 : Accepted Answers:

Entropy and its (Type: Range) 3.4, 3.5
properties
1 point
Lecture 4 :
Lossless 2) A discrete memoryless source has an alphabet of 5 symbols. The symbol probabilities are as
Source Coding following.
Theorem P (s0 ) = 0.55, P (s1 ) = P (s2 ) = 0.15, P (s3 ) = 0.10, P (s4 ) = 0.05.
Lecture 5 : What is the average codeword length of a Huffman code for this source ?
Prefix Codes
and Kraft’s
Inequality
No, the answer is incorrect.
Lecture 6 :
Huffman Score: 0
Coding Accepted Answers:
Quiz : (Type: Range) 1.85, 1.95
Assignment 1
1 point
Download Multiple choice questions in assignment 1.
Videos
3) X and Y are discrete jointly distributed discrete valued random variables. The relation 1 point
Weekly
between their joint entropy H(X, Y ) and their individual entropies H(X), H(Y ) is
Feedback

Assignment 1 -
Solutions H(X, Y ) ≤ H(X) + H(Y ), equality holds when X, Y are independent
© 2014 NPTEL - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
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H(X, Y ) ≤ H(X) + H(Y ), equality holds when X, Y are uncorrelated
Week 2

Week 3
H(X, Y ) ≥ H(X) + H(Y )Funded byholds when X, Y
, equality are independent

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Week 4
H(X, Y ) ≥ H(X) + H(Y ), equality holds when X, Y are uncorrelated
Week 5
No, the answer is incorrect.
Week 6 Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Week 7 H(X, Y ) ≤ H(X) + H(Y ), equality holds when X, Y are independent

Week 8 4) Let X, Y be discrete random variables related as Y = g(X), where g is a deterministic 1 point
function. The ordering of their entropies satisfies
Week 9

Week 10 H(X) ≤ H(Y ), equality holds if g is a one to one mapping

Week 11
H(X) ≥ H(Y ), equality holds if g is a one to one mapping
Week 12
H(X) ≤ H(Y ), equality holds when H(X|g(X)) = 0

H(X) ≥ H(Y ), equality holds when H(X|g(X)) = 0

No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
H(X) ≥ H(Y ), equality holds if g is a one to one mapping
H(X) ≥ H(Y ), equality holds when H(X|g(X)) = 0
5)The mutual information I(X, Y ) = H(X) − H(X|Y ) between two random 1 point
variables X and Y satisfies

I(X, Y ) > 0

I(X, Y ) ≥ 0

I(X, Y ) ≥ 0, equality holds when X and Y are uncorrelated

I(X, Y ) ≥ 0 , equality holds when X and Y are independent

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
I(X, Y ) ≥ 0
I(X, Y ) ≥ 0 , equality holds when X and Y are independent

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2

Course
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Assignment 2
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Week 1 1) A binary symmetric channel (BSC) with crossover probability p is shown in the figure below. 1 point

Week 2

Lecture 7 :
Discrete
Memory-less
Channels :
Mutual
Information

Lecture 8 :
Channel
Capacity-I

Lecture 9 :
Channel
Capacity-II Two BSCs with the same crossover probability are cascaded such that the output of channel-1 is fed
as input to channel-2. The overall capacity of the equivalent channel in terms of the entropy
Lecture 10 :
Channel function H(p) is
Coding
Theorem

Lecture 11 :
Differential 2H(p(1 − p))
Entropy-I

Lecture 12 : H(2p(1 − p))

Differential
Entropy-II
1 − 2H(p(1 − p))
Quiz :
Assignment 2

Weekly 1 − H(2p(1 − p))

Feedback
No, the answer is incorrect.
Download Score: 0
Videos
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Accepted - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
Answers:
Assignment
A project of 2- 1 − H(2p(1 − p)) In association with
Solutions
2) A binary erasure channel is shown in the following figure. It has two inputs {0, 1} and 1 point
Week 3 three outputs {0, 1, ?} .
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Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10
The capacity of the channel in terms of p is
Week 11

Week 12 1−p

p/2
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
p
3) The probability density function p(x) which maximizes the differential entropy h(X), such 1 point
¯
that the corresponding signal satisfies the constraints x(t) ≥ 0 and x(t)2 = S,

x2
2
√ 2πS
e− 2S u(x)

x2
1
√ 2πS
e− 2S

x
1
S
e− S u(x)
Uniformly distributed in the interval [0,2S].

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
x2
2
√ 2πS
e− 2S u(x)

4) A continuous random variable X has a peak magnitude M. The differential entropy 1 point
of X is maximum when the distribution of X is

Gaussian

Uniform

Exponential

Rayleigh

No, the answer is incorrect.

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Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Uniform

5) The capacity (bits/transmission) of the channel shown in the figure below is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 0.09,0.1

1 point

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Unit 4 - Week
3

Course
outline
Assignment 3
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
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the portal assignment.

Week 1 1) A pixel of 3 × 105 pixels of black-and-white television image can occupy one
of 10 different brightness levels with uniform probability. If the rate of transmission is 30 image
Week 2 frames per second and signal to noise ratio is 30dB, then the minimum bandwidth required of the
communication channel for error free transmission in kHz is
Week 3

Lecture 13 :
Channel
No, the answer is incorrect.
Capacity-III
Score: 0
Lecture 14 :
Accepted Answers:
Channel
Capacity-IV (Type: Numeric) 3

Lecture 15 : 0 points
Summary of
Information 2) Given signal power to noise spectral density ratio S
N
= 104 , and a Gaussian channel with a
Theory bandwidth of 1.5 MHz, the channel capacity in kbps is
Lecture 16 :
Signal Space
Representation-I
No, the answer is incorrect.
Lecture 17 :
Score: 0
Signal Space
Representations-II Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 14.3,14.4
Quiz :
Assignment 3 1 point

3) Three message signals s 1 (t), s 2 (t), s 3 (t) are transmitted over an AWGN channel with noise
Download
Videos
No
power spectral density. 2
Weekly
s1 (t) = {
Feedback 1, 0 ≤ t ≤ T
0, otherwise
⎧ 1, 0 ≤ t ≤ T2
⎪
Assignment 3 -

(t) ⎨
Solutions
(t) 1 T ≤t≤T
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Week 7
Accepted Answers:
Week 8 (Type: Numeric) 2

1 point
Week 9
4) In Question 3, which of the message signals is most vulnerable to errors? 1 point
Week 10

Week 11 s1

Week 12
s2

s3

s2 and s 3

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
s1
5) X is an n-dimensional Gaussian vector. Its elements Xi are pairwise independent with 0 points
mean and variance denoted by μi and σi2 respectively. The differential entropy of X is

h(X) = 1
2
log2 [2π(σ12 σ22 . . . σn2 )1/n ]

h(X) = n
2
log2 [π(σ12 σ22 . . . σn2 )1/n ]

h(X) = 1
2
log2 [π(σ12 σ22 . . . σn2 )1/n ]

h(X) = n
2
log2 [2π(σ12 σ22 . . . σn2 )1/n ]
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
h(X) = n
2
log2 [2π(σ12 σ22 . . . σn2 )1/n ]

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Assignment 4
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the portal
1) The signal s(t) is input to a matched filter with impulse 1 point
Week 1 response h(t) = s(T − t), where s(t) = A/2, t ∈ [0, T /2] , s(t) = −A/2, t ∈ (T /2, T ] and 0 otherwise.
The peak value of the output is
Week 2

Week 3 A2 T /4
Week 4
A2 T /3
Lecture 18 :
Vector
Representation
A2 T
of a Random
Process

Lecture 19 : A2 T /2
AWGN Vector
Channel No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Lecture 20 :
Basics of Signal Accepted Answers:
Detection: A2 T /4
ML,MAP
Detectors 2) A communication system uses antipodal signals s(t) and −s(t) for respective transmission of 1 point

Lecture 21 :
equiprobable binary symbols. The received signal is r(t) = ±s(t) + n(t), where s(t) is the signal
ML,MAP shown below and n(t) is additive zero-mean white Gaussian noise with power spectral
Detectors for density No /2 watts/hertz. What is the variance of the noise at the output of the matched filter with impulse
AWGN Channel response h(t) = s(3 − t), at t = 3?
Lecture 22 :
Optimal Receiver
: Matched Filter

Lecture 23 :
Probability of
error for Optimal
Receiver

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Assignment 4
A project of A2 No /2 In association with
Assignment 4 -
Solutions
A2 No
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Week 6
2A2 No

Week 7
4A2 No
Week 8 No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Week 9
Accepted Answers:

Week 10
A2 No
3) For the optimum receiver, the probability of symbol error for the communication system in 1 point
Week 11 question 2, as a function of A and No is

Week 12
−−−−−−
Q(√A2 /No )

−−−−−−
Q(√2A2 /No )

−−−−−−
Q(√4A2 /No )

−−−−−−
Q(√A2 /2No )

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
−−−−−−
Q(√4A2 /No )

4) Two equiprobable symbols are transmitted using signals s 1 (t) and s 2 (t) given below, over a 1 point
zero-mean AWGN channel with noise power spectral density No /2. The

signal s 1 (t) = At/T , t ∈ [0, T ] s2 (t) = A(1 − Tt ), t ∈ [0, T ],

and 0 otherwise. and 0 otherwise.
The probability of symbol error for the optimum receiver in terms of A, T and No is

−−−−−−−−
Q(√A2 T /6No )

−−−−−−−−
Q(√A2 T /3No )

−−−−−−−−
Q(√A2 T /2No )

−−−−−−−−
Q(√A2 T /4No )

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
−−−−−−−−
Q(√A2 T /6No )

5) The input to a signal detector is of the form r = ±A + n . The amplitudes +A and −A are 1 point
λ −λ|n|
equiprobable. The noise variable n is distributed according to Laplacian pdf, f(n) = e . The
2
2 2
expression for signal to noise ratio (SNR) in this case is A λ /2. The required SNR to achieve an error
−5
probability of 10 for the optimum receiver, approximately (in dB) is

9.6

11.6

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17.6

13.6

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
17.6

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5

Course
outline
Assignment 5
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
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Week 1 1) A random signal is modeled as a stationary process X(t). At any time instant t, the value 1 point
of the signal is a random variable with probability density function (pdf) fX (x) shown in the figure
Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Lecture 24 :
Probability of
Error for M-ary
Scheme below.
Assume the bandwidth of this process to be 5 kHz. The random signal is passed through a uniform
Lecture 25 :
quantizer with sampling frequency equal to the Nyquist rate and 32 quantization levels for transmission
Pulse Code
Modulation : using a binary PCM system. Signal-to-Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR) is defined as the ratio of the
Quantization average signal power to the average quantization noise power. For the above signal, the resulting
SQNR in dB is approximately
Lecture 26 :
Uniform
Quantizer
21
Lecture 27 :
Step Size and
Quantization 23
Noise

Lecture 28 :
Non-uniform
25
Quantizer
(Lloyd-Max
Quantizer)
27

Download No, the answer is incorrect.

Videos Score: 0

Weekly Accepted Answers:

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27 In association with
Quiz : 2) In Question-1, suppose the sampling frequency is not equal to Nyquist rate, and a guard 1 point
Assignment 5 band of 2 kHz is provided. The available channel bandwidth for PCM transmission is 40 kHz. Given
Assignment 5 -
that the minimum bandwidth required for binary PCM transmission is half the bit rate, the maximum
Funded by
Solution achievable SQNR in dB is approximately

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Week 6
27
Week 7
29
Week 8

Week 9 31

Week 10
33
Week 11 No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Week 12
Accepted Answers:
33
3) Consider a random signal with values drawn independently at each instant, from the 1 point
probability distribution shown below.

For uniform quantization with 2 levels and ν ≥ 3, the SQNR in terms of q is

ν

0.1q 2

0.2q 2

0.7q 2

0.9q 2
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
0.7q 2
4) Five signals each of bandwidth 1 kHz are multiplexed and transmitted using binary PCM. The
maximum tolerable error in sample amplitudes is 0.2% of the peak amplitude. The signals are to be
sampled at least 20% above the Nyquist rate. Given that the minimum bandwidth required for a binary
PCM transmission is half the bit rate, the minimum bandwidth required in kHz is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 53.5,54.5

1 point

5) A sample function of a zero-mean, unit-variance Gaussian random process is uniformly sampled. It

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is then applied to a uniform quantizer with the following input-output characteristic.

The entropy (in bits) of the quantizer output is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 1.9,1.95

1 point

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Unit 7 - Week
6

Course
outline
Assignment 6
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
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Week 1 1) A sinusoidal signal of frequency fo and amplitude A, is sampled at frequency 10fo . It is 1 point
then operated upon by a one-step linear predictor with a single coefficient w1 . The value of w1 that
Week 2 maximizes the prediction error variance is

Week 3
cos(0.1)
Week 4

Week 5 cos(0.2)

Week 6
cos(0.05)
Lecture 29 :
Companded
Quantization-I
cos(0.02)

Lecture 30 :
No, the answer is incorrect.
Companded Score: 0
Quantization-II Accepted Answers:
Lecture 31 : cos(0.1)
Differential
Pulse Code 2) In Question-1, the minimum value of the prediction error variance is 1 point
Modulation
DPCM-I
A2
Lecture 32 : 2
cos2 (0.1)
DPCM-II
(Linear
A2
Prediction)
2
sin2 (0.1)
Lecture 33 :
Delta
Modulation A2 cos2 (0.05)
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Weekly © 2014 NPTEL - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
No, the answer is incorrect.
Feedback
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Score: 0
Quiz :
Accepted Answers:
Assignment 6
A2
2
sin2 (0.1)
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Solution 3) A delta modulation

Poweredsystem
by has a maximum bandwidth constraint of 5 kHz for its input analog
signals. Its sampling frequency is 50 kHz. A sinusoid of amplitude 1 V and frequency 1 kHz is input to
Week 7
the system. The value of the step size (in volts) which minimizes slope overload is

Week 8

Week 9 No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Week 10
Accepted Answers:
Week 11 (Type: Range) 0.1,0.2

1 point
Week 12
4) A linear delta modulation system uses a step size of 0.1 V and has bandwidth of 3kHz. The
sampling frequency is 10 times the Nyquist rate. The maximum amplitude (in volts) for sinusoidal
signal of 1kHz frequency, that can be processed without slope overload distortion is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 0.9,1

1 point
−−− x−−
max √∣ x max ∣ sgn(x), ∣ x max ∣ ≤ 1
5) A square root compander with the characteristic z(x) = x x
is

deployed in conjunction with a 3 − bit midrise uniform quantizer where the output of the quantizer
varies in the range ±8.75 V. For a input of 0.6 V the magnitude of the quantization error in volts with
companding is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 0.4,0.5

1 point

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Unit 8 - Week
7

Course
outline
Assignment 7
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
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Week 1 1) Three equiprobable symbols generated by a memoryless source at the 1 point

rate R = 500 symbols per second are respectively transmitted using a 3-level baseband
Week 2 PAM system over an AWGN channel with zero-mean noise and noise power spectral
density N2 . The amplitude levels of the transmitted pulse p(t) = sinc(tR) are 0, ±2 . For
Week 3 an optimum receiver it can be shown that the probability of symbol
−−− −
error Pe = αQ(√β Nav ) where α and β are constant and Eav denotes the average
E
Week 4

Week 5
pulse energy. The value of α and β

Week 6
α = 1, β = 0.5
Week 7

Lecture 34 : α = 1.33, β = 0.66

M-ary
PCM/PAM – I
α = 1.33, β = 0.33
Lecture 35 :
M-ary
PCM/PAM – II α = 1, β = 2
Lecture 36 : No, the answer is incorrect.
Line Coding – I Score: 0
Lecture 37 : Accepted Answers:
Line Coding – II α = 1.33, β = 0.33
Lecture 38 : 2) Let{αk }∞k=−∞ be a sequence of independent and identically distributed (iid) 1 point
Line Coding –
III
random variables, each taking values +1 and -1 with equal probability. This sequence is
transmitted at baseband by a Manchester line coding scheme described
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⎧
⎪
⎪ 1 if 0 ≤ t < 2
T

by x(t) = ∑k=−∞ αk p(t − kT ) where p(t) = ⎨ −1 if T ≤ t < T

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∞
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⎩
⎪ 2
Feedback 0 otherwise
Quiz : © 2014 NPTEL - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
Assignment
A project of 7 In association with
S x (f) = T sinc( T2 f) sin(2πf T
4
)
Assignment 7 -
Solutions

S x (f) = T sinc2 ( T2 f) sin2 (2πf )

Funded by
T
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4

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Week 9
S x (f) = T sinc2 ( T4 f) sin2 (2πf T
2
)
Week 10

)
Week 11
S x (f) = T sinc( T4 f) sin(2πf T
2
Week 12
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

S x (f) = T sinc2 ( T2 f) sin2 (2πf T

4
)

3) The output of a binary memoryless source is transmitted over an AWGN channel

using a binary baseband PAM system which deploys rectangular pulses of duration T
and amplitude ±A. Assuming transmission of equiprobable binary symbols at a
rate R = T1 = 105 bits per second, noise power spectral density N2 = 0.5 × 10−2 W/Hz,
and probability of bit error Pb = 10−6 ,the minimum value of A is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 104,108

1 point

4) InQuestion-1 it is desired that Pe be less than 10−4 .Assuming the symbol rate of
5000 symbols per second the average signal power Pav in terms of noise power spectral
density is Pav = γN where γ is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 21600,21700

1 point

5) In Question-2, we use precoded sequence {βk }∞

k=−∞for baseband transmission by
the same Manchester line coding scheme where βk = αk + μαk−1 with μ as a
constant. It is desirable to have a null in the power spectrum f = T1 . If possible, the value
of μ is ...
Otherwise, indicate your answer as 0.

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) -1

1 point

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Unit 9 - Week 8

Course
outline
Assignment 8
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed. Due on 2018-09-26, 23:59 IST.
How to access As per our records you have not submitted this assignment.
the portal
1) A source generates binary data at the rate of 100 kbps and it is transmitted over a
Week 1 baseband binary PAM system designed to have a raised-cosine spectrum. Assume that the
available absolute maximum channel bandwidth is 75 kHz. The roll-off factor is ...
Week 2

Week 3
No, the answer is incorrect.
Week 4 Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Week 5 (Type: Numeric) 0.5

Week 6 1 point

2) The binary data stream 0011010001 is applied to the input of a duobinary system. The
Week 7
duobinary coder output and corresponding receiver output, without a precoder is shown
Week 8
below.

Lecture 39 :
Pulse Shaping
for Zero ISI - I

Lecture 40 :
Pulse Shaping
for Zero ISI – II
The sample of the received signal in time slot 5 is ...
Lecture 41 :
Pulse Shaping
for Zero ISI – III

Lecture 42 : No, the answer is incorrect.

Partial Response Score: 0
Signaling – I
Accepted Answers:
Lecture 43 : (Type: Numeric) 0
Partial Response
Signaling – II 1 point
Download 3) In Question-2, suppose that owing to error during transmission, the level at the receiver
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input produced in the time slot 3 is reduced to '0'. The receiver output in time slot 6 is ...
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Quiz :
No,
© the answer
2014 NPTELis- Privacy
incorrect.
& Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
Assignment 8
A project of Score: 0 In association with
Assignment 8 -
Accepted Answers:
Solution
(Type: Numeric) 1
Week 9 Funded by 1 point

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Week 11

Week 12

The sample of the received signal in time slot 6 is ...

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) -2

1 point

5) In Q-4, suppose that owing to error during transmission, the level at the receiver input
produced in the time slot 4 is reduced to '0'. The receiver output in time slot 5 is ....

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) 1

1 point

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Unit 10 - Week 9

Course outline Assignment 9

How to access the The due date for submitting this assignment has passed. Due on 2018-10-03, 23:59 IST.
portal As per our records you have not submitted this assignment.

Week 1 1) Consider the following set of quaternary signals defined in terms of orthogonal basis 1 point
functions φ1 and φ2 :
Week 2 s1 = 0; s2 = √2aφ1 − √2aφ2 ; s3 = 2√2aφ1 ; s4 = √2aφ1 + √2aφ2
Assuming that these signals are used for transmission of four equiprobable symbols over an AWGN
Week 3 channel with noise power spectral density N2 , the probability of symbol error is

Week 4
−− −−
Pe = Q(√ aN ) − Q2 (√ aN )
2 2
Week 5

Week 6
−−
−2 −−
−2
Week 7 Pe = Q(√ 2a
N
) − 2Q2 (√ 2a
N
)

Week 8
−−
−2 −−
−2
Week 9 Pe = 2Q(√ 2a
N
) − Q2 (√ 2a
N
)

Lecture 44 :
−− −−
Pe = 2Q(√ aN ) − Q2 (√ aN )
Principle of
2 2
Invariance of
Probability of Error

Lecture 45 : Binary No, the answer is incorrect.

ASK and PSK Score: 0

Lecture 46 : Binary Accepted Answers:

−−
−2 −−
−2
Pe = 2Q(√ 2a ) − Q2 (√ 2a )
Frequency Shift
Keying – I N N

Lecture 47 : Binary
2) The signal component of a coherent PSK system is defined 1 point
Frequency Shift −−−−−
Keying – II by s(t) = Ac k sin(2πfc t) ± Ac √1 − k2 cos(2πfc t) where 0 ≤ t ≤ Tb , and the plus sign corresponds
Lecture 48 :
to symbol 1 and the minus sign corresponds to symbol 0. The first term represents a carrier component
Quadrature Phase included for the purpose of synchronizing the receiver to the transmitter. Then, in the presence of the
Shift Keying – I additive white Gaussian noise of zero mean and power spectral density N2 and transmission of equiprobable
Lecture 49 : symbols, the average probability of bit error Pb is
Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying – II
−−− −−−−−
Q(√ c bN )
Download Videos 1 2A 2 T (1−k2 )
Pb = 2
Weekly Feedback

Quiz : Assignment
−−2−−−−−2−
Pb = Q(√ c b N )
9
A T (1−k )
Assignment 9 -
Solution
© 2014 NPTEL - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
Week of10 −−2−−−−−2− In association with
Pb = Q(√ c b2N )
A project Funded by
A T (1−k )

Week 11

Week 12 Powered by

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−−2−−−−−2−
Q(√ c b N )
1 A T (1−k )
Pb = 2

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
−−2−−−−−2−
Pb = Q(√ c b N )
A T (1−k )

3) In Question-2, if 10% of the transmitted signal power is allocated to the carrier component, then bit
E
energy-to-noise power spectral density ratio, i.e., Nb required to obtain Pb = 10−4 is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 7.50,7.90

1 point

4) Equiprobable binary data transmission over an AWGN channel with noise power spectral
density N2 = 10−12 W /Hz is achieved at a bit rate Rb = 1Mbps . If the average probability of bit
error Pb is not to exceed 10−4 and there is a transmission loss of 40dB, then the transmitted power in
watts for coherent ASK is ....
Transmission loss is defined as:
Tloss (in dB) = 10log10 (Average T ransmitted P ower) − 10log10 (Average Received P o

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 0.26,0.29

1 point

5) Equiprobable binary data is transmitted at the rate Rb = 1Mbps over an AWGN

channel with noise power spectral density N2 = 10−10 W /Hz . For the average probability
of bit error Pb not to exceed 10−4 , the required average transmitted carrier power in
milliwatts for a communication link that uses coherent BFSK is ...

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 2.60,2.90

1 point

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Unit 11 - Week
10

Course
outline
Assignment 10
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed. Due on 2018-10-10, 23:59 IST.
How to access As per our records you have not submitted this assignment.
the portal
1) A QPSK signal over AWGN channel uses one of the four equiprobable signals 1 point
Week 1
si (t) = Acos(2πfc t + i π
2
), where i = 0, 1, 2, 3 and fc is the carrier frequency, and the
Week 2 duration of each signal is T . Assume input to the QPSK system is a random binary
sequence in which symbols/bits 1 and 0 are equally likely, and the symbols/bits in
Week 3 different time slots are statistically independent and identically distributed. Assume
N
channel noise with power spectral density 20 . With Gray encoding of the signals, the
Week 4 probability of bit error Pb is
Week 5

Week 6 −−− 2−
Pb = Q(√ 2AN T )
0
Week 7

Week 8
−− 2−
Week 9 Pb = Q(√ A2NT )
0

Week 10
−− 2−
Lecture 50 : Pb = 2Q(√ AN T )
0
Quadrature
Phase Shift
Keying – III −− 2−

Lecture 51 :
Pb = 2Q(√ A2NT )
0
Continuous
Phase No, the answer is incorrect.
Frequency Shift Score: 0
Keying
Accepted Answers:
−− 2−
Pb = Q(√ A2NT )
Lecture 52 :
Minimum Shift
0
Keying – I

Lecture 53 : 2) If in Question 1, instead of QPSK, binary coherent FSK signals are used with1 point
Minimum Shift signals s1 (t) = Bcos(2πfc t) and s2 (t) = Bcos(2πfc + Δf)t and the duration
Keying – II of the signals is now T1 and the minimum value of frequency shift Δf is chosen for which
© 2014 NPTEL - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
A project of the signals In association with
Lecture 54 : s1 (t) and s2 (t) are orthogonal. Determine T1 and B in terms of T and A respectively,
M-ary Coherent
so that the bit rate and probability of bit error in both the cases become equal.
ASK (M-ASK)
Funded by
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Videos T1 = 2T Powered
and B = by A
√2
Weekly
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T1 = T
2
and B = A
√2
Quiz :
Assignment 10

Assignment 10 T1 = 2T and B = √2A

- Solution

Week 11 T1 = T
2
and B = √2A

Week 12 No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
T1 = T
2
and B = √2A
3) A QPSK signal over an AWGN channel uses one of the four equiprobable
⎧ √ 2E cos[2πf t + (2i − 1) π ], 0 ≤ t ≤ T
1 point
−−
−
signals si (t) = ⎨
⎩
T c 4 where i = 1, 2, 3, 4 The
0, elsewhere
power spectral density S i (f) of an offset QPSK signal produced by a random binary
sequence in which symbols/bits 1 and 0 are equally likely, and the symbols/bits in
different time slots are statistically independent and identically distributed, in terms of the
bit energy Eb and bit duration Tb , is

S i (f) = Eb [sinc2 2Tb (f − fc ) + sinc2 2Tb (f + fc )]

S i (f) = 4Eb [sinc2 2Tb (f − fc ) + sinc2 2Tb (f + fc )]

S i (f) = 2Eb [sinc2 2Tb (f − fc ) + sinc2 2Tb (f + fc )]

[sinc2 2Tb (f − fc ) + sinc2 2Tb (f + fc )]

Eb
S i (f) = 2

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

S i (f) = Eb [sinc2 2Tb (f − fc ) + sinc2 2Tb (f + fc )]

4) A continuous-phase FSK signal is represented 0.5 points

− −− − −−
by s(t) = ±√ T cos( 2T )cos(2πfc t) ± √ T sin( 2T )sin(2πfc t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2Tb . Envelope
2Eb πt 2Eb πt
b b b b
of the signal is given by

−−−
√ T b sin( 2T )
2E πt
b b

−−−
√ T b cos( 2T )
2E πt
b b

−−−
√ Tb
2E
b

2Eb
Tb

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No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
−−−
√ Tb
2E
b

5) Assuming that both coherent BFSK and MSK have identical performance in terms of
bit error probability, the additional amount of bit energy in dB needed for coherent BFSK
compared to MSK is ___

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) 3

0.5 points

6) A speech signal is sampled at a rate of 8 kHz, logarithmically compressed and encoded

into a PCM format using 8 bits/sample. The PCM data is transmitted through an AWGN
bandpass channel using M-level ASK (assume double sideband transmission) signaling
scheme. The channel bandwidth in kHz required for transmission when M=16 is ____

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) 16

1 point

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Unit 12 - Week
11

Course
outline
Assignment 11
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
How to access As per our records you have not submitted this Due on 2018-10-17, 23:59 IST.
the portal assignment.

Week 1 1) M equiprobable symbols are transmitted via an M -ary digital communication 1 point
system with M = 2n where n is the dimension of the signal space. The corresponding
Week 2 signal constellation has M signal vectors which lie at the vertices of a hypercube that is
N
Week 3
centered at the origin. The channel is AWGN with noise power spectral density 20 . The
probability of symbol error Pe in terms of symbol energy-to-noise power spectral density
E
Week 4 ratio, i.e. Ns where Es is energy per symbol is
0

Week 5
−−
−
Pe = 1 − [1 − Q(√ Ns )]
E n
Week 6 0

Week 7
−−E− n
Pe = 1 − [1 − Q(√ nNs )]
0
Week 8

− −− n
Pe = 1 − [1 − Q(√ N s )]
Week 9 2E
0

Week 10
−2E
−− n
Week 11 Pe = 1 − [1 − Q(√ nNs )]
0

Lecture 55 : No, the answer is incorrect.

M-ary PSK Score: 0
Lecture 56 : Accepted Answers:
−2E
−− n
Pe = 1 − [1 − Q(√ nNs )]
M-ary
Quadrature 0
Amplitude
Modulation 2) A 4-PSK and an 8-PSK signal constellations are shown in the figure below. The
(M-QAM) distance between two adjacent points in the two signal constellations is d . Assuming
Lecture 57 : high signal-to-noise ratio so that the probability of symbol error is approximated by
M-ary FSK errors in selecting adjacent signal points, the additional transmitted energy in dB required
for an 8-PSK signaling scheme to achieve the same symbol error probability as a 4-PSK
Lecture 58 :
Comparison of
signaling scheme
© 2014 NPTEL is _______
- Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
A project of Schemes
M-ary In association with

Lecture 59 :
Non-coherent
BFSK Funded by

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Quiz :
Assignment 11

Assignment 11
- Solution

Week 12

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 5.2,5.5

1 point

3) A digital communication system transmits information via QAM over a voice-band

telephone channel at a rate of 2400 symbols/s. Consider an AWGN channel with zero
mean noise and noise power spectral density N 2
. Assume deployment of a square
Eb
QAM. The bit energy-to-noise power spectral density ratio, i.e., N
required to achieve
−5
symbol error probability of 10 at 4800 bps is _______

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 9.2,10.2

1 point

4) 2
n
symbols are transmitted using an M-ary PSK system over a bandpass AWGN
channel with transmission bandwidth of 100 kHz and noise power spectral
density N2 = 10−14 W /Hz . It is desired to transmit at a minimum bit
rate Rb = 750 kbps with the average probability of bit error Pb ≤ 10−6 . Given that there
is no intersymbol interference on the channel, the minimum value of M is _______

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(Type: Numeric) 256

1 point

5) Equiprobable binary symbols at a rate of 10 Mbps are transmitted over AWGN

channel with noise power spectral density N2 = 10−14 W /Hz using BFSK modulation
format. The amplitude of the received signal in absence of noise is 2 milliVolt. For a
noncoherent BFSK receiver the probability of bit error is α10−3 where α is

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0

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Accepted Answers:
(Type: Range) 3.1,3.5

1 point

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Unit 13 - Week
12

Course
outline
Assignment 12
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
How to access As per our records you have not submitted this Due on 2018-10-24, 23:59 IST.
the portal assignment.

Week 1 1) Equiprobable binary data sequence is transmitted over an AWGN channel using a
binary differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signaling scheme. The average transmitted
Week 2 power is 150 milliwatts with channel attenuation of 80 dB. The channel noise is zero
mean with noise power spectral density N 2
= 0.5 × 10−15 W /Hz. If it is desirable to
Week 3
have the probability of bit error Pb = 10−4 then the maximum possible bit rate for
Week 4
transmission in kbps (kilo-bits per second) is _______

Week 5

No, the answer is incorrect.

Week 6
Score: 0

Week 7 Accepted Answers:

(Type: Range) 175,177
Week 8
1 point

Week 9 2) It is given that (5, 1) repetition code consists of the two codewords 00000 0.5 points
and 11111, corresponding to message 0 and 1, respectively. Is this a perfect code?
Week 10
Yes
Week 11
No
Week 12
No, the answer is incorrect.
Lecture 60 : Score: 0
Differential Accepted Answers:
Phase Shift
Yes
Keying

Lecture 61 : 3) Considerthe (4, 3) single parity check code. The Generator matrix [G] for this 1 point
Channel code, where In denotes an identity matrix of size n , is
Coding – I

Lecture 62 :
Channel [G] = [ P T I2 ] where P = [ 1 1 ]
Coding – II © 2014 NPTEL - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
A project of In association with
Lecture 63 :
[G] = [ P T I3 ] where P = [ 1 1 1 ]
Channel
Coding-III

Lecture 64 : [G] = [ P T = [ 1 by1 1 1 ]

I4 ] where P Funded
Channel

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Coding: Powered by
Hamming
Codes [G] = [ P T I1 ] where P = [1]
Lecture 65 : No, the answer is incorrect.
Channel
Score: 0
Coding:
Decoding using Accepted Answers:
Standard [G] = [ P T I3 ] where P = [ 1 1 1 ]
Arrays
4) In Question [3], the minimum distance dmin for this code is _______
Download
Videos

Weekly
Feedback No, the answer is incorrect.
Quiz : Score: 0
Assignment 12 Accepted Answers:
Assignment 12 (Type: Numeric) 2
- Solutions
0.5 points

5) In Question [3], does this code possess error correction property? 0.5 points

Yes

No

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
No

6) Is a (7, 3) code a perfect code? 0.5 points

Yes

No

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
No

7) A (15, 11) linear block code can be defined by the following parity array 1 point

⎡0 0 1 1⎤
⎢0 1 0 1⎥
⎢1 0 0 1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1 0 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
[p] = ⎢
⎢1 1 0 0⎥
⎥
⎢0 1 1 1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1 1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1 1 0 1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1 0 1 1⎥
⎣1 1 1 1⎦
A vector V= [0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1] is received. The syndrome [S] for this
received vector is

[S] = [ 0 1 0 0 ]

[S] = [ 1 0 1 0 ]

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[S] = [ 0 1 1 0 ]

[S] = [ 0 0 1 1 ]
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
[S] = [ 0 1 1 0 ]

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