Q.

No Question Body
1 Protective relays can be designed to respond to ___________
2 On what factor does the operating speed of the relay depend?
3 An efficient and well designed protective relaying should have
4 Overload relays are of ________ type
Non directional relays operate irrespective of direction of flow of
5 Directional relays are based on the flow of
6 Plug setting of a electromagnetic relay can be altered by varying
7 If the fault current is 2000 A, the relay setting is 50% and CT ratio is 400:5, the plug setting m
8 The plug setting of a negative sequence relay is 0.2A. The current transformer ratio is 5:1. The m
9 In a 3-step distance protection, the reach of the three zones of the relay at the beginning of the
10 In an inverse definite minimum time, electromagnetic type over-current relay, the minimum ti
11 The most efficient torque producing actuating structure for the induction type relays is
12 What is switchgear?
13 Actual tripping of a static relay is obtained by
14 Which of the following is a directional relay?
15 Two input phase comparator in a static relay is made up of a
16 The phase comparators in case of static relays and electromechanical relays normally are
The impedance of the relays compares the ________ at the relay loaction
17 Distance relays are generally
18 Mho relay is usually employed for the protection of
19 The transmission line distance protection relay having the property of being inherently directio
20 In a biased differential relay, the bias is defined as a ratio of _________
21 When a fault occurs in a high voltage transmission line, what happens first?
22 In a static overcurrent relay, inverse time characteristics are obtained by
23 The operating characteristics of the reactance relay in the complex impedance plane is a
24 Reactance relays are used for phase fault in.......line
25 The modern electrical power systems are more likely to use:
26 Microprocessor/Microcontroller based relay also called
27 Numerical relay is
28 PMUs used for fault event monitoring
29 PMUs implementated at
30 Role of PMU for protection of power systems are
31 The features of numerical relays are
32 The disadvantages of numerical relays are
33 PMUs at lower voltage levels provide
34 Numerical relay is the latest development in the area of power system protection and differs fr
35 Microprocessor based directional relay senses the direction of the
36 PMUs at higher voltage levels provide
37 Generator internal fault protection is usually based the principle of
38 Pilot wire protection is basically used for the protection of
39 A transmission line is protected by
40 For which among the following the current ratings are not required?
41 The isolators used in the transmission lines are capable of breaking
42 What is the purpose of back up protection?
43 Reactance relay is normally preferred for protection against _______
44 The neutral of 10 MVA, 11 KV alternator is earthed through a resistance of 5 ohms. The earth fau
45 In the protection of transformers, harmonic restraint is used to guard against ______
46 Buchcholz relay is used for ___________
47 A negative sequence relay is commonly used to protect __________
48 Which material is used for the manufacture of bus bars?
49 In a short circuit test on a circuit breaker, the following readings were obtained on single freq
50 How is the restriking voltage measured?
51 What is the peak re striking voltage?
52 Relays can be designed to respond to changes in
53 When using air blast circuit breaker, current chopping is a phenomenon observed when
54 Why is the resistance switching used in a air blast circuit breaker?
55 The interrupting time of a circuit breaker is the period between the instant of _____
56 Resistance switching is normally employed in ______________
57 The arc resistance depends on which among the following factors?
58 How is the initiation of electric arc at the instant of contact separation caused?
59 Arcing voltage will be the least in case of
60 What happens in the arc extinction using high resistance method?
61 Which among these are the main characteristics of a fuse element?
62 The main function of a fuse is to
63 What should be the value of fusing factor?
64 What is the relation between the fusing current and the diameter of the wire?
65 What is the cut off current in the fuse?
66 A fuse wire of circular cross section has a radius of 0.8mm. The wire blows off at a current of 9
67 What is the primary principle of a fuse?
68 Which among these is the least expensive protection for over current in low voltage system?
69 For a current upto 10A which material is used as the fusing element?
70 What is the maximum current upto which fuses can be used?
71 If the strands of the fusing wire are twisted, what happens to the fusing current?
72 What is the advantage of HRC fuses over Rewirable fuses?
73 Circuit breakers usually operate under
74 In a circuit breaker the contact space is ionised by what?
75 Which of the following circuit breakers is used for the railway electrification?
76 SF6 is which type of gas?
77 The stability of arc in vacuum depends on _________
78 What is the making capacity of the circuit breaker?
79 Keeping in view the cost and overall effectiveness, the following circuit breaker is suited for c
80 A three phase, 33kv oil circuit breaker is rated 1200A, 2000 MVA, 3s. The symmetrical breakin
81 When does the circuit breaker operate in the line?
82 Which device sends the information to the circuit breaker to interrupt the circuit in case of fault
83 For a high speed circuit breaker what will the total clearing time?
84 In a circuit breaker the contact space is ionised by what?
85 On which of the following routine tests are conducted?
86 Which among these tests are performed to check the nation or international standards?
87  In a short circuit test on a circuit breaker, the following readings were obtained on single frequency transients a. Ti
 88 Routine tests are conducted on
89  For high voltage, ac circuit breakers, the rated short circuit current is passed for
90 Type tests are conducted on
91 Which part of the circuit breaker is helpful in breaking the current?
92 The making and breaking currents of a 3 phase ac circuit breakers in power systems are respect
93 What is the breaking capacity of the air blast circuit breakers?
94 A three phase, 33 kV oil circuit breaker is rated 1200 A, 2000 MVA, 3s. What is its symmetrica
95 The rating of the circuit breaker is usually determined on the basis of ____________ fault.
96 What is the making to breaking current ratio for an extra high voltage circuit breaker?
97 A thermal protection switch can protect against
98 A protective device, which reduces the steepness of wavefront of a surge by absorbing surge ene
99 The ground wire should not be smaller than No ______ copper
100 The over-voltage surges in power systems may be caused by
101 The protection against over-voltage due to lightening is provided by
102 Sphere gaps are used for
103 Lightining arrestor should be located
104 For a 400 kV system, the capacity of lightning arrester should be
105 Typical gap length of rod type surge diverter used for 132 kV line is
106 Order of the lightning discharge current is
107 For reducing tower footing resistance it is better to use
108 Thyrite is used in lightning arrestors because of its
109 The advantage of grounding a power system is that
110 The advantage of neutral earthing is
111 Solid grounding is used for voltages
112 Resistance grounding is used for voltages
113 The disadvantage offered by ungrounded systems is
114 In star connected system without neutral grounding, zero sequence currents are
115 Advantage of grounded neutral is
116 Resistance grounding is used for voltage between
117 Solid grounding is addopted for voltages below
118 Earthing is necessary to give protection against
119 The underground neutral transmission system is not recommended because of the system
120 Neutral earthing is provided for
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
Light intensity, imp Temperature, resistance, Voltage and current All of these
Rate of flux built up Armature core air gap Spring tension All of these
Good selectivity and Economy
r and simplicity High speed and selectiAll of the above
Solid state Thermal Electromagnetic All of the above
Current Voltage Power Energy
Power Energy Current Voltage
Number of ampere tuAir gap of magnetic path Adjustable back stop Counterweight
25A 15A 50A 10A
1A 1/1.732A 1.732A 0.2/1.732A
100% of the first lin 80% of the first line, 50%80% of the first line, 50% of the first line, 50% of the sec
Saturation of the magProper mechanical designAppropriate time dela Electromagnetic damping
Shaded pole structur Watt hour meter structureInduction cup structur Single induction loop structure
An apparatus used forIt detects the faults only It corrects the faults o All of the above
SCR Thyristors UJT Diodes and Transistors
Reactance relay Mho relay Both option (1) and (2Impedance relay
transformer amplifier Transistor logic circuit  Rectifier Bridge Thyristor Bridge
Cosine and sine comp Sine and cosine comparators Bothrespectively
are sine comparators
Both are cosine comparators
Voltage Current Voltage and Current Power
Split phase relays Reactance relays Impedance relays Differential relays
Short lines only  Medium lines only Long lines only Any line
Impedance relay MHO relay OHM relay Reactance relay
Number of turns of reOperating coil current andFault current and operaFault current and restraining coil cu
Circuit breaker operaRelay operates and then tRelay operates, then suIsolator operates, then successively
A transistor amplifie An integrating circuit A transistor switch A differentiating circuit
Circle with its originCircle passing through thStraight line passing t Straight line parallel to the X axis
Short Medium Long All of the above
Electromechanical reStatic analog relays Static digital relays Electromagnetic relays
Static Relay Numerical Relay Both option (1) and (2Electromechanical relays
Oldest Relay Latest Relay Both option (1) and (2Static Relay
Event initiated Data analysed Both option (1) and (2Problem cleared
400kV 132kV Both option (1) and (2Less than 400 V
Control of backup re Security dependability Improved control All of the above
Economy Compactness Flexibility All of these
Short Life Cycle Susceptibility to TransienSetting and Testing CoAll of the above
Accurate monitoring Good observability Both option (1) and (2Fault initiated
Design Methods of operation Both option (1) and (2All of the above
Power flow Voltage flow Current flow All of these
Good observability Accurate monitoring evenBoth option (1) and (2Data analyzed
Differential protectioCross-differential protectNegative sequence proAll of these
Transmission lines Alternators Switch gears  Transformers
Time graded and currDistance Protection Option 1, 2 and 4 Impedance Protection
Circuit breakers Relays Isolators Load break switch
Fault current No current Charging current Load current
To increase the spee To increase the reach To leave no blind spotTo guard against failure of primary
Earth faults Phase faults Open circuit faults Short circuit faults
85% 88.20% 15% 11.80%
Magnetizing inrush cUnbalanced operation Lightning Switching over-voltages
Protection of transforProtection of transformer Protection of transformProtection of induction motors
an alternator a transformer a transmission line a bus bar
Aluminium rods Copper rods Any conducting materiMade of silver
2*106kV/sec 3*105kV/sec  2*105kV/sec 3*106kV/sec
RMS value Peak value Instantaneous value Average value
18.36 kV 17.96 kV  15.96 kV 12.65 kV
Resistance, reactanc Voltage and current Energy Both option (1) and (2)
A long overhead line A bank of capacitors is switched
A transformer
of on no loA heavy load is switched off
Reduce the magnitude Control the CB operatingDamp out the fast tranChange the fault current power fact
Initiation of short ci Energizing of the trip cir Initiation of short circ Energizing of the trip circuit and th
All breakers Bulk oil breakers Minimum oil breakersAir blast circuit breakers
Cross section of the Length of the arc Degree of ionisation All of the above
Thermionic emissionField emission of electro Both (a) and (b) Voltage and Current emission of ele
Carbon Copper Silver Tungsten
Arc resistance is de Arc resistance is increaseNo change it remains Arc resistance is kept zero
Low melting point High conductivity Least deterioration dueAll of the above
Protect the line Open the circuit Prevent excessive currProtect the source
Equal to zero Equal to one Less than one More than one
I = k d3 I = k d3/2 I = k d2 I = k d2/3
Maximum value actua Rms value actually reachAverage value actuall Minimum value actually reached
0.2 mm 0.18 mm 0.28 mm 0.3 mm
Open the circuit Protect the appliance Protect the line Prevent excess current from flowing
Rewirable fuse Isolator Circuit breaker Air breaker switch
Copper Silver Alloy of lead and tin Zinc
25 A 50 A 75 A 100 A
Increases Reduces No change/ remains s Depends on the value of current, inc
High speed operationHigh rupturing capacity No ageing effect All of the above
Steady short circuit cSub transient state of shorTransient state of shortTransient state of open circuit curre
Field emission from tThermal emission from thThermal ionisation of All of above
Air blast circuit brea SF6 circuit breaker Bulk oil circuit breakeMinimum oil circuit breaker
Electro positive Electro negative Option (1) and (2) None of these
The contact material The circuit parameters onThe contact materials Both (b) and (c)
Less than the asymmet Greater than the asymmetrEqual to the asymmetriEqual to the symmetrical breaking c
Vacuum Air blast SF6 Oil
1200 A 3600 A 35 KA 104.8 KA
When power is to be When the line is to be tesWhenever the fault occu Whenever the switch and the relay h
Switch Relay Circuit breaker itself dFuse
Few minutes Few seconds 1 to 2 cycles 5 to 20 cycles
Field emission from tThermal emission from thThermal ionisation of All of above
Oil circuit breakers Air blast circuit breakers Minimum oil circuit b All of the above
Type test Production tests Site checks All of the above
100 Hz 1,000 Hz 10,000 Hz 10 Hz
 Bulk oil circuit breakers
Minimum oil circuit breaAir-blast circuit break  All of the above
 0.01 sec 0.1 sec 3 seconds 30 seconds
 Bulk oil circuit breakers
Minimum oil circuit breaAir-blast circuit break High Voltage Circuit breaker
Trip coil Contacts Medium Handle
rms value, rms valueinstantaneous value, rms rms value, instantaneoinstantaneous value, instantaneous
5000 MVA 6000 MVA 7000 MVA 10000 MVA
1200 A 3600 A 35 kA 104.8 kA
Symmetrical Line to line Single line to ground Double line to ground
More than 1 Equal to 1 Less than 1 A negative value
Short-circuit Temperature Overvoltage Overvoltage
Surge Diverters Surge absorber Switching surges Earthing screen
2 4 6 10
lightning  switching resonance  any of the above
use of surge diverterslow tower footing resista  use of overhead ground  any
wires
of the above
measurement of highmeasurement of high ac vmeasurement of impulsall of the above
Away from the circuiNear the transformer Away from the transfoNear the circuit breaker
1 kA 5 kA 10 kA 50 kA
10 cm 20 cm 35 cm 65 cm
10,000 amp 100 amp 1 amp 1 microampere
Chemical and groundChemical and counterpoisGround rod and counteChemical, ground rods and counterp
Straight line characteNon-linear characteristic None of these All of these
Earth fault current ca“Arcing ground” phenome It provides symmetry tBoth (a) and (b)above
Simplified design of Oe ver-voltages due to lighFreedom from persisteAll of the above
above 220 kV above 11 kV  below 660 V below 115 V
below 220 V  up to 660 V between 3.3 kV to 11 above 66 kV
frequent arcing grou difficult earth fault relay voltage oscillations  all of the above
same as peak value osame as rms value of phasvector sum of phase cu zero
Persistent arcing gro Earth fault are utilized to Both (a) and (b) Absence of zero sequence currents
33kV to 66kV 11kV to 33kV 3.3kV to 11kV 400 V
100 V 200 V 400 V 660 V
Danger of electric shVoltage fluctuation Overloading High temperature of the conductors
Insulation being overInsulation overstress mayBeing inadequately proAll of the above
The safety of personnReducing the voltage streControlling the earth fBoth (b) and (c)
Correct Option Course Outcome
All of these CO1
All of these CO1
All of the above CO1
All of the above CO1
Current CO1
Power CO1
Number of ampere turns CO1
10A CO1
1.732A CO1
80% of the first line, 20% of the sCO1
Saturation of the magnetic circuit CO1
Induction cup structure CO1
All of the above CO1
Diodes and Transistors CO2
Both Option (1) and (2) CO2
Rectifier Bridge CO2
Cosine and sine comparators respeCO2
Voltage and Current
Impedance relays CO2
Long lines only CO2
MHO relay CO2
Operating coil current and restrainCO2
Relay operates and then the circuiCO2
An integrating circuit CO2
Straight line parallel to the X axisCO2
Short CO2
Static digital relays CO3
Numerical Relay CO3
Latest Relay CO3
Both option (1) and (2) CO3
Both option (1) and (2) CO3
All of the above CO3
All of these CO3
All of the above CO3
Accurate monitoring events CO3
Both option (1) and (2) CO3
Power flow CO3
Good observability CO3
Differential protection CO4
Transformers CO4
Option 1, 2 and 4 CO4
Isolators CO4
Charging current CO4
To guard against failure of primarCO4
Earth faults CO4
88.20% CO4
Magnetizing inrush current CO4
Protection of transformer against aCO4
an alternator CO4
Copper rods CO4
2*106kV/sec CO5
Peak value CO5
17.96 kV CO5
Both option (1) and (2) CO5
A transformer on no load is switc CO5
Damp out the fast transient CO5
Energizing of the trip circuit and CO5
Air blast circuit breakers CO5
All of the above CO5
Both (a) and (b) CO5
Silver CO5
Arc resistance is increased with t CO5
All of the above CO6
Prevent excessive currents CO6
Less than one CO6
I = k d3/2 CO6
Maximum value actually reached CO6
0.18 mm CO6
Prevent excess current from flowin CO6
Rewirable fuse CO6
Alloy of lead and tin CO6
100 A CO6
Reduces CO6
All of the above CO6
Sub transient state of short circuitCO7
Thermal ionisation of gas CO7
Air blast circuit breaker CO7
Option (1) and (2) CO7
Both (b) and (c) CO7
Greater than the asymmetrical breCO7
Vacuum CO7
35 KA CO7
Whenever the fault occurs in the lCO7
Relay CO7
1 to 2 cycles CO7
Thermal ionisation of gas CO7
All of the above CO8
Type test CO8
10,000 Hz CO8
 All of the above CO8
3 seconds CO8
High Voltage Circuit breaker CO8
Contacts CO8
instantaneous value, instantaneou CO8
7000 MVA CO8
35 kA CO8
Symmetrical CO8
More than 1 CO8
Overvoltage CO9
Surge absorber CO9
10 CO9
 any of the above CO9
 any of the above CO9
all of the above CO9
Near the transformer CO9
10 kA CO9
35 cm CO9
10,000 amp CO9
Ground rod and counterpoise onlyCO9
Non-linear characteristic CO9
It provides symmetry to the line CO10
All of the above CO10
below 660 V CO10
between 3.3 kV to 11 kV CO10
all of the above CO10
zero CO10
Both (a) and (b) CO10
3.3kV to 11kV CO10
660 V CO10
Danger of electric shock CO10
All of the above CO10
Both (b) and (c) CO10