Study Link Budget Analysis and Implement On MATLAB: Software

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Mobile and wireless Communication Experiment No.

08
Department of Electrical Engineering GCU , Lahore
Syed Muhammad Ahad Ali 024-BscEng-17
Experiment No. 08
Analysis of Link Budget Equation
Objective:
 Study link Budget Analysis and Implement on MATLAB
Software:

 MATLAB software

Theory:

The starting point is that satellite transmit Pt [W] to the environment. The power is
transmitted in all directions, thus spreading on over imaginary sphere of radius R. Then the power
flux density [W/m2] must be:
𝐏𝐭 𝐖
𝐒=
𝟒𝛑𝐑𝟐 𝐦𝟐
The power received by an antenna with an effective area Aeff is:
𝐏𝐭
𝐏𝐚𝐯𝐫 = 𝐒. 𝐀𝐞𝐟𝐟 = 𝐀 𝐖
𝟒𝛑𝐑𝟐 𝐞𝐟𝐟
Pvar is available power from the receiver antenna, Aeff is equal to the actual physical area of
parabola times the efficiency of the antenna ƞ.

𝐃𝟐
𝐀𝐞𝐟𝐟 = 𝐀. 𝛈 = 𝛑 𝛈 𝐦𝟐
𝟒
D is the diameter of parabolic dish.
The area of antenna is very easy to understand when w talk about a parabola, as in this case but it
is possible to find a general relationship between the gain of an antenna and the effective area.
This is:
𝟒𝛑𝐀 𝐞𝐟𝐟 𝛌𝟐
𝐆𝐢 = ⇒ 𝐀𝐞𝐟𝐟 = 𝐆𝐢 𝐦𝟐
𝛌𝟐 𝟒𝛑

Gi is the gain relative to an isotropic antenna (an antenna transmitting equally in all directions).
The gain of the antenna is just a measure of how good it I to concentrate the radiated power in a
certain direction. The efficiency is include in Gi. Lambda is the wavelength given by:
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝛌= 𝐦
𝐟
Where f is measured in MHz
Mobile and wireless Communication Experiment No.08
Department of Electrical Engineering GCU , Lahore
𝐏𝐭 𝛌𝟐 𝐏𝐭 𝐆𝐢𝐫
𝐏𝐚𝐯𝐫 = 𝟐
𝐆𝐢 = 𝟒𝛑𝐑 𝟐
𝟒𝛑𝐑 𝟒𝛑 ( )
𝛌

Gir is the gain of receiver antenna. Pt is the power radiated by satellite antenna in all directions.
Usually we use a directional antenna, which concentrate the power in on direction. In that case we
talk about the (effective isotropic radiated power) (EIRP). Clearly, this is much better idea. This
means that the EIRP is substituted for Pt. the EIRP is given by:
𝐄𝐈𝐑𝐏 = 𝐏𝐚 𝐆𝐢𝐬 𝐖
Where Pa is the power supplied to the transmitter antenna terminals and Gis is the gain transmitter
antenna.
𝐏𝐚 𝐆𝐢𝐬 𝐆𝐢𝐫
𝐏𝐚𝐯𝐫 = 𝟒𝛑𝐑 𝟐 𝐖
( )
𝛌
The denominator is usually called free space loss but it is really a result of spreading of the
transmitted power. We will use the term Ls:
𝐏𝐚 𝐆𝐢𝐬 𝐆𝐢𝐫
𝐏𝐚𝐯𝐫 = 𝐖
𝐋𝐬
𝟒𝛑𝐑 𝟐
𝐋𝐬 = ( )
𝛌
And we look at the actual links we will concentrate other losses. They are taken into account by
adding several other L’s. this could be the attenuation in the atmosphere (La), polarization (Lp),
and others. What we have found now is the available signal power at the antenna terminals.
Unfortunately there I noise as well. Otherwise we would be very lucky.

Procedure:
 Make a folder at the desktop and name it as your computer directory within the a
MATLAB.
 Open MATLAB editor and type of code.
 The transmitter power=10mdb, diameter of antenna=0.5 , using the above formula to find
the display the Transmitter Power, EIRP, Path Loss, Gain of Receiver, Receiver Power.
 Observe the cause and effects.

Program:
The program oof the above analysis is
Mobile and wireless Communication Experiment No.08
Department of Electrical Engineering GCU , Lahore
%.............Analysis of Link Budget Equation%....................
clc;
close all;
pt=db(10/(1*(10^-3)),'power');
rt=0.5/2;
at=pi*(rt^2);
aet=0.55*at;
f=11*(10^9);
lm=(3*(10^8)/f);
Gt=db((4*pi*aet)/(1*(10^-3)*(lm^2)),'power');
EIRP=pt+Gt;
R=40000;
Is=db((((4*pi*R)/((lm/2))^2)/1*(10^-3)),'power');
rr=0.5/2;
ar=pi*(rr/2);
aer=0.55*ar;
Gr=db((4*pi*aer)/(1*(10^-3)*(lm^2)),'power');
pr=EIRP+Gr-Is;
disp('transmitter power in dbm');
disp(pt);
disp('transmitter gain in dbm');
disp(Gt);
disp('receiver power in dbm');
disp(pr);
disp('receiver gain in dbm');
disp(Gr);
disp('EIRP in dbm');
disp(EIRP);
disp('path loss in dbm');
disp(Is);
Results:
Mobile and wireless Communication Experiment No.08
Department of Electrical Engineering GCU , Lahore

Conclusion:

Received Power (dBm) = Transmitted Power (dBm) + Gains (dB) − Losses (dB).
The Information that is needed to perform a Link Budget include: The saturated EIRP and
saturated flux density of the transponder. A link budget is a design aid, calculated during the
design of a communication system to determine the received power, to ensure that the information
is received intelligibly with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio. For a commercial visit to any
client, link budget is really important for buying and selling satellite capacity these calculations
enable satellite operators to confidently establish new satellite networks to ensure the best
performance possible for a client company.

EXERCISE:
1. Write a short note on link budget equation?
Answer:
In satellite communication systems, there are two types of power calculations. Those are
transmitting power and receiving power calculations. In general, these calculations are called
as Link budget calculations. The unit of power is decibel. An isotropic radiator (antenna) radiates
equally in all directions. But, it doesn’t exist practically. It is just a theoretical antenna. We can
compare the performance of all real (practical) antennas with respect to this antenna. Then the
power flux density [W/m2] must be:
𝐏𝐭 𝐖
𝐒=
𝟒𝛑𝐑𝟐 𝐦𝟐
EIRP) is the main parameter that is used in measurement of link budget. Mathematically, it can
be written as
EIRP=GPs
2. What is free space attenuation?
Answer:
In telecommunication, the free-space path loss is the attenuation of radio energy between the
feed points of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture
area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight path through free space. The equation below shows the
path loss for a free space propagation application. It can also be used when calculating or
estimating other paths as well.
FSPL(dB)=20log(d)+20log(f)+32.44
Mobile and wireless Communication Experiment No.08
Department of Electrical Engineering GCU , Lahore

3. What is CDMA?
Answer:
CDMA is a network technology that along with GSM were once the two main types
of networks in the US. Both CDMA and GSM (in their own ways) make it possible for multiple
calls and internet to be transmitted in one radio signal. Code-division multiple access is a channel
access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of
multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single
communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies.
4. Explain difference between autocorrelation and cross correlation?
Answer:
1. cross correlation happens when two different sequences are correlated. Autocorrelation is
correlation between two of the same sequence.
2. cross correlation is calculated simply multiplying and summing two-time series together.
Autocorrelation measures how lagged version of the value of the variable is related to original
version of it in time series.
3. Cross correlation identifies lag with highest correlation coefficient. Autocorrelation correlate
signal itself. Autocorrelation is statistical concept, it is also known as serial correlation.

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