CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Rathod Sandhya Sanjay

From. SMSMPITR Akluj College having Enrollment No:- 1915860070

Has completed Report on the problem Defination/ Semester V Project Report / Final
Projects Report having title Multipurpose Agriculture Robot.

Individually/ in a group consisting of four persons under the guidance of the faculty Guide.

The mentor from the industry for the project

Name : Pingale S.S.

Telephone: 8378045784

Portfolio for Self Dircted Learning For Major Project Work

Name of student: Rathod Sandhya Sanjay

Semister : ME-5I Programme /Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Roll Number: 12

Title of the project: Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

Name and Designation of project Guide : Pingale S.S.

Name of polytechnic: S.M.S.M.P.I.T.R. Akluj.

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are rather infused by the kind guidance of Prof. Pingale S. S. who put us in the
cradle of our engineering studies and evaluated us to this end and mean of our project
without his guidance, we are sure to be an orphan in the vast ocean of the subject.
Ultimately no tongue could describe the deep sense of co-operation and ready nature to
help us even in minute details of our write up this project report.

Thanks and gratitude goes to Prof. Nikam.S.M. Head, Department of Mechanical

Engineering, who made very valuable guidance and co-operation during our project.Further
we are thankful to all the staff and non-teaching members of Mechanical Engineering
Department for the co-operation during the project work.

We are very grateful to those who in the form of books had conveyed guidance in this
project work. Last but not the least we are thankful to our colleagues and those helped us
directly or indirectly throughout this project work.Special thanks go to Mr. Pingale S. S. sir
of machining workshop.

Projects Associates:

Ms. Rathod S.S.

Ms. Gaikwad R.P.

Mr. Shaikh M.S.

Mr. Mane Deshmukh A.A.

Mr. Shikalgar S.A.

Mr. Jadhav N.V.

Mr. Thaware S.D.

Mr. Jagtap S.U.

2
Program Name and Code: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Academic Year: 2020-
21
Course Name and Code: Capstone project planning
Semester: FIFTH (ME5I)
A Study on

Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

MICRO-PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in 2020 by the group of 7 students.

Sr. Enrollment Exam Seat

No. Roll. No. Full Name of Students No. No.

1 1915860070
ME-12 Rathod Sandhya Sanjay
2 1815860048
ME-11 Gaikwad Rutuja Prakash
3 1715860030
ME-01 Shaikh Mubinahmad Salim
4 1815860031
ME-04 Mane Deshmukh Abhijeet Arun
5 1815850047
ME- Shikalgar Sajid Abdul
6 1915860084
ME-26 Jadhav Nikhil Vijay
7 1915860087
ME-29 Thaware Sandip Dashrath
8 1815860039
ME-06 Jagtap Samiran Uttam

Under the guidance of

Mr. Nikam. S. M
Three Years Diploma Program in Engineering & Technology of Maharashtra
State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai (Autonomous)
At

3
 Sahakar Maharshi Shankarrao Mohite-Patil Institute of Technology & Research,
Shankarnagar-Akluj (Code: 1586)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Rathod Sandhya Sanjay . Roll No.ME- 12 of Fifth
semester of Diploma in Mechanical of the Institute, Sahakar Maharshi Shankarrao
Mohite-Patil Institute of Technology & Research, Shankarnagar Akluj (Code :
1586) has completed the Micro-Project satisfactorily in the Subject–Capstone
project planning.for the academic year 2020-21 has prescribed in the curriculum by
MSBTE. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirement in respect of project work prescribed for the said Diploma.

Place: AKLUJ Enrollment No:1915860070

Date: ________________ Exam Seat No: ____________

Project Guide Internal / External Examiner

( Mr.Pingale S.S. )

Subject teacher. Head of Department principal (

Mr.Nikam.S.M ). (Mr.Nikam.S.M.) (Dr. Yadav.I.N.)

Seal of
Institute

4
 PART A- Micro-project Proposal
Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

Brief Introduction:
The idea of applying robotic technology in agriculture is very new, the opportunities
for robot enhanced productivity immense. The robots performing agriculture
operations such as ploughing , seed sowing and water spraying. Allowing farmers to
reduce the environmental impact, increase precision and efficiency, and manage
individual plants in novel ways.

5
Aim of micro-project:
Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

Action Plane:

6
 Sign of
Sr. Planned Start Planned Finish Guide /
Details of Activity
No. date Date Subject
Teacher
Discussion &
1
Finalization of Topic
2 Preparation &
Submission of
Abstract
3 Literature Review

4 Collection of Data
Discussion & Outline
5
of Content
Formulation of
6
Content
7 Editing & Proof
Reading of Content
Final Compilation of
8
Report&Presentation
9 Seminar
SeminarPresentation
10
and Viva
Final Submission of
11
Micro-Project .

Name & Sign of Project Guide Sign of HOD

Mr. Pingale S. S. Mr.Nikam.S.M

Resources Required:

Sr.
Name of Resources/Material Specification Qty. Remarks
No.

1 Chart 27.5cm 34.7cm 01 Yes

2 Pencil, pens 2H,HB 01 Yes
3 Scale Roll-N-Draw 01 Yes

7
8
PART B- Micro-project Report.

INDEX

Sr.
No. Title Page No.

1 Brief Description 8

2 Procedure 10

3 References / Sources used 13

4 Output of the micro-project 14

5 Evaluation sheet 15

9
Brief Description:

The main impact for our project has been to develop a solar operated digging machine, which
is solar powered. In this machine, we used a solar panel to capture and convert solar energy
into electrical energy which is used to charge a 5v battery. Which gives the necessary power
to a DC motor. With the help of Bluetooth, we connect all the commands through our mobile
phone. This power is transmitted to the rear wheel through gears. In this project it makes the
electric and mechanical systems share their power in efficient way. It reduces the running
cost of digging machine.

Procedure:-

10
 Literature Review
Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors, robotics,
and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated
processes. This paper reviews some of the latest achievements in agricultural
robotics, specifically those that are used for autonomous weed control, field
scouting, and harvesting. Object identification, task planning algorithms,
digitalization and optimization of sensors are highlighted as some of the facing
challenges in the context of digital farming. The concepts of multi-robots, human-
robot collaboration, and environment reconstruction from aerial images and
ground-based sensors for the creation of virtual farms were highlighted as some of
the gateways of digitalfarming. It was shown that one of the trends and research
focuses in agricultural field robotics is towards building a swarm of small scale
robots and drones that collaborate together to optimize farming inputs and reveal
denied or concealed information. For the case of robotic harvesting, an autonomous
framework with several simple axis manipulators can be faster and more efficient
than the currently adapted professional expensive manipulators. While robots are
becoming the inseparable parts of the modern farms, our conclusion is that it is not
realistic to expect an entirely automated farming system in the future.

Some of researchers did their work are explained as follows:

Mahesh R. Pundkar and A. K. Mahalle are presented review provides brief information about
the various types of innovations done in seed sowing machine available for plantation. The
seed sowing machine is a key component of agriculture field. The performance of seed
sowing device has a remarkable influence on the cost and yield of agriculture products.
Presently there are many approaches to detect the performance of seed-sowing device. Depth
of seeding has shown to be an important factor affecting seeding vigour and crop yield. Seed
metering device is a heart of seed sowing machine which is evaluated for seed distance, seed
size between seed varieties. High precision pneumatic planters have been developed for many
varieties of crops, for a wide range of seed sizes, resulting to uniform seeds distribution along
the travel path, in seed spacing.

Laukik P. Raut and et. al., studied to meet the food requirements of the growing population
and rapid industrialization, modernization of agriculture is inescapable. Mechanization
enables the conservation of inputs through precision in metering ensuring better distribution,
reducing quantity needed for better response and prevention of losses or wastage of inputs
applied. Mechanization reduces unit cost of production through higher productivity and input
conservation. Farmers are using the same methods and equipment for the ages. In our country
farming is done by traditional way, besides that there is large development of industrial and

11
service sector as compared to that of agriculture. The spraying is traditionally done by labor
carrying backpack type sprayer which requires more human effort. The weeding is the
generally done with the help of Bulls which becomes costly for farmers having small farming
land. So to overcome these above two problems a machine is developed which will be
beneficial to the farmer for the spraying and weeding operations.

D. Ramesh and H. P. Girishkumar presented review provides brief information about the
various types of innovations done in seed sowing equipments. The basic objective of sowing
operation is to put the seed and fertilizer in rows at desired depth and seed to seed spacing,
cover the seeds with soil and provide proper compaction over the seed. The recommended
row to row spacing, seed rate, seed to seed spacing and depth of seed placement vary from
crop to crop and for different agro-climatic conditions to achieve optimum yields. Seed
sowing devices plays a wide role in agriculture field.

Pranil V. Sawalakhe and et. al., are investigated the today’s era is marching towards the rapid
growth of all sectors including the agricultural sector. To meet the future food demands, the
farmers have to implement the new techniques which will not affect the soil texture but will
increase the overall crop production. This Paper deals with the various sowing methods used
in India for seed sowing and fertilizer placement. The comparison between the traditional
sowing method and the new proposed machine which can perform a number of simultaneous
operations and has number of advantages. As day by day the labor availability becomes the
great concern for the farmers and labor cost is more, this machine reduces the efforts and
total cost of sowing the seeds and fertilizer placement.

Sridhar H, studied the every year in INDIA, an average of 1980 Cr of rupees is wasted due to
weeds. Our country faces the total loss of 33% of its economy from Weeds. The Losses are
due to some of the following reasons, total loss of 26% from Crop Diseases, total loss of 20%
from Insects and Worms, total loss of 6% from Rats. Has been Surveyed. Shrinking farm
lands, acute labour shortage, decreasing income per acre of cultivation, and economic
frustration are some of the key factors hurting a farmer's confidence in continuing farming.
Weeding control is done by: mechanical weeding, thermal weeding: flaming, biological
control, chemical control, and by farming pattern. It has always been a problem to

12
successfully and completely remove weeds and other innocuous plants. Invariably, weeds
always grow where they are not wanted. This work involved the design and construction of
mechanical weeder, after discovering that tools such as cutlass and hoes require high
drudgery, time consuming and high labour force. As a solution to these problems, mechanical
weeder was designed and constructed. The mechanical weeder was made of two implements
attachment i.e. the primary cutting edge which is in front to loose soil above and the
secondary cutting edge which is behind to do cutting and lifting of weeds. The overall
machine field efficiency was 98.67%. The Single Wheel Weeder being manufactured is the
equipment, which is used for very special purpose when the weeding is required at narrow
places or between rows. The blade is thin but very sturdy and tough besides, it is very safe to
use and offers zero threat of hurting to the user, Other than the wheel, there is nothing
mechanical in this single wheel weeder but, it works wonderfully under the condition where
it is put into. This hassle free equipment requires no special maintenance. It is necessary to
design the weeder which minimize the human effort and provide efficient work output. The
tool which is designed is able to fulfill the present requirement for the weed control. The
present design is directed to an improved manual tilling, mulching and weeding tool.

D. Ramesh and H .P. Girishkumar discussed the information about the various types of
innovations done in seed sowing machine available for plantation. The seed sowing machine
is a key component of agriculture field. The performance of seed sowing device has a
remarkable influence on the cost and yield of agriculture products. Presently there are many
approaches to detect the performance of seed-sowing device. Depth of seeding has shown to
be an important factor affecting seeding vigor and crop yield. Seed metering device is a heart
of seed sowing machine which is evaluated for seed distance, seed size between seed
varieties. for a wide range of seed sizes, resulting to uniform seeds distribution along the
travel path, in seed.

Varikuti Vasantha Rao and et. al. are presented the design and implementation of multiple
power supplied fertilizer sprayer has been presented. The proposed system is the modified
model of the two stroke petrol engine powered sprayer which minimizes the difficulties of the
existing power sprayer such as operating cost, changing of fuel etc. The two stroke petrol
engine has been replaced by a direct current motor and operated by the electrical energy
stored in the battery attached to the unit. The battery can be charged by Battery panel during

13
the presence of sun. It could also be operated on direct current during rainy and cloudy
weather conditions. This system can be used for spraying pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers
and paints. The proposed system has been tested and compared with theoretical values of
current and charging time. From the results it is found that the time taken to charge the full
battery of capacity 12V, 7Ah has required 16.67 hours. The fully charged battery could be
used to spray 575 liters pesticides. Which is approximately covers 5-6 acres of land. It is also
found that, if we charge the battery for a day, then it covers approximately 200 liters of
pesticides which in turn covers 2 to 2.5 acres of land. The developed systems initial cost is
little more as compared to conventional sprayer but the running cost of the system is all most
zero in other words minimum.

Sankaranarayanan M and Nzamwitakuze A. studied the farmers in Rwanda perform

agriculture mostly with manual operation. The pain involved in doing each and every
operation has to be reduced by the way of introducing simple technology. The aim of the
present study is to develop a seed drill to suit the varied topographic condition of Rwanda.
The specific objective of the study is to develop a seed drill and test the performance of the
seed drill. It is also compared with manual seeding for its benefit cost analysis. The study
reveals the following vital points in the development and testing of seed drill. 1) A manually
drawn single row seed drill is developed to sow the maize seeds at the spacing of 30 cm from
plant to plant and 70 cm between row to row.

2) The seed drill is tested on 25 m2 area in concrete floor, actual field and it is compared with
the manual sowing of same area. The sowing efficiency of seed drill in ideal concrete floor is
98% because the concrete floor does not have slippage for wheels.

3) Sowing efficiency of the seed drill on actual field condition evaluated by germination test
is 88 %. Sowing efficiency of manual method on actual field condition is 96 %.

4) The actual field capacity of seed drill is found to be 60 hours / hectare whereas the field
capacity by manual method is 247 hours / hectare.

14
5) The ergonomic study gives the conclusion that the human drudgery can be saved by 10
times by using seed drill than by working manually in sowing the seeds. It is found that ratio
of body movement of using seed drill and manual method is estimated to be 1: 10.

6) The benefit cost study reveals the fact that the cost of sowing of land by seed drill is 3900
Frw /hectare and the manual sowing gives 12350 Frw /hectare. Hence, it is advantageous to
go in for using seed drill for sowing. Sowing by seed drill gives 3 times saving in cost.

Ayesha Akhtar and et. al., studied the brief information about the various different types of
innovations done in seed sowing machine available for plantation. The machine for seed
sowing is a key component of agriculture field. Cotton is a significant beneficial harvest and
extensively traded commodity across the world. This paper aims at promoting a new method
of sowing cotton seeds through punching mechanism. The efficiency rate of the mechanism is
higher than the usually undertaken manually operating methods. The basic objective of
sowing operation is to put the seed and fertilizer in rows at desired depth and seed to seed
spacing, covering of seeds with soil and to provide proper compaction over the seed.

Mohd Taufik Ahmad, are presented the weed management is one of the tedious operations in
vegetable production. Because of labor costs, time and tedium, manual weeding is
unfavorable. The introduction of chemical weed control methods has alleviated these
undesirable factors. However, the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, environmental
impact and increasing demand for chemical free foods has led to investigations of alternative
methods of weed control. Most implements employing mechanical cultivation cannot
perform weed control close to the crops, and existing intra-row weeders have limitations. A
mechanical weeding actuation system was designed, and a prototype was constructed. This
actuator was developed to mechanically control intra-row weed plants. The mechanical
weeding actuator consisted of a belt drive system powered by an integrated servo motor and a
rotating tine weeding mechanism powered by a brushless dc motor. One of the major
challenges in this project was to properly design the actuator and its weeding mechanism for
effective intra-row weed control. A prototype actuator was manufactured and a series of tests
was conducted to determine actuator efficacy and the corresponding force and speed
requirements of the actuator. The actuator would be combined with a machine vision system

15
for detecting crop plant locations and guiding the weeding actuator to execute mechanical
weeding operations without damaging crops. In the first field experiment, the performance of
the first version of the intra-row weeder was investigated across three factors: working depth,
travel speed and tine mechanism rotational speed.

R. Joshua, V. Vasu and P. Vincent are discussed the Energy - demand” is one the major
thread for our country. Finding solutions, to meet the “Energy - demand” is the great
challenge for Social Scientist, Engineers, Entrepreneurs and Industrialist of our Country.
According to them, Applications of Non-conventional energy is the only alternate solution
for conventional energy demand. Now-a-days the Concept and Technology employing this
Non-conventional energy becomes very popular for all kinds of development activities. One
of the major area, which finds number applications are in Agriculture Sectors. Battery energy
plays an important role in drying agriculture products and for irrigation purpose for pumping
the well water in remote villages without electricity. This Technology on Battery energy can
be extended for spraying pesticides, Fungicides and Fertilizers etc., using Battery Sprayers.
This paper deals how a ‘Power Sprayer’ which is already in use and works with fossil fuel
can be converted into Battery sprayers works without any fossil fuel.

Kyada A. R and Patel D. B, have discussed basic requirements for small scale cropping
machines are, they should be suitable for small farms, simple in design and technology and
versatile for use in different farm operations. A manually operated template row planter was
designed and developed to improve planting efficiency and reduce drudgery involved in
manual planting method. Seed planting is also possible for different size of seed at variable
depth and space between two seed. Also it increased seed planting, seed/fertilizer placement
accuracies and it was made of durable and cheap material affordable for the small scale
peasant farmers. The operating, adjusting and maintaining principles were made simple for
effective handling by unskilled operators.

Ibukun B. Ikechukwu et al., focused on the design and fabrication of a manually operated
single row maize planter capable of delivering seeds precisely in a straight line with uniform
depth in the furrow, and with uniform spacing between the seeds. The work demonstrates the
application of engineering techniques to reduce human labour specifically in the garden. The

16
results obtained from the trial tests showed that the planter functioned properly as expected
with a planting capacity of 0.0486 hectare/hr. Visual inspection of the seeds released from the
planter’s metering mechanism showed no visible signs of damage to the seeds .

Roshan V Marode et al., In the farming process, often used conventional seeding operation
takes more time and more labor. The seed feed rate is more but the time required for the total
operation is more and the total cost is increased due to labor, hiring of equipment. The
conventional seed sowing machine is less efficient, time consuming. Today’s era is marching
towards the rapid growth of all sectors including the agricultural sector. To meet the future
food demands, the farmers have to implement the new techniques which will not affect the
soil texture but will increase the overall crop production. Agriculture in India has a
significant history. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Still, agriculture is
demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall
socio-economic fabric of India. This paper deals with the various sowing methods used in
India for seed sowing and fertilizer placement. The comparison between the traditional
sowing method and the new proposed machine which can perform a number of simultaneous
operations and has number of advantages. As day by day the labor availability becomes the
great concern for the farmers and labor cost is more, this machine reduces the efforts and
total cost of sowing the seeds and fertilizer placement.

H. Navid, S. Ebrahimian et al., presented the Seed-metering system is an important

component in row-crop planters in terms of uniform seed distribution. Numerous field and
laboratory methods have been developed and used for evaluation of planter performance;
each method having its own advantages and shortcomings. In the present study, a digital
camera (Nikon, D70) was used for laboratory evaluation of vertical-rotor seed-metering
device performance, indices such as multiple planting, feeding quality, miss planting and
seed space uniformity being the major criteria. To validate the results from image processing
method, the more conventional, grease-belt method, was used. The experiments were
conducted on the basis of factorial randomized complete design with two types of seed-
metering devices, with different numbers of cells and four levels of seed-metering speeds in
three replications. Captured images were transferred to the computer via USB port and were
processed by program written in MATLAB software environment. The results from two

17
methods, namely, image processing and grease belt methods were in good agreement and
analysis of variances showed that seed-metering device with 15 cells in 40 rpm performed
better than seed-metering device with 21 cells and in other speeds. Comparison of the number
of spaces that fell in normal domain in different seed-metering speeds showed that image
processing method had higher value than grease-belt method. Since the initial falling velocity
of seed and angle of its exit from metering device was unknown, thus the precision of space
index was different in two methods.

Methodology:-

18
Multipurpose agriculture robot an attempt is made to design and fabricate such equipment which
will able to perform both the operations more efficiently and also will results in low Now the project
mainly concentrates on designing a suitable operating system. To maintain simplicity and economy
in the design the locally fabricated unit has been used.

Our project achieves higher safety, reduces human effort, increases the efficiency, reduces the work
load, reduces the fatigue of workers and reduces maintenance cost.

References / Sources used:

1.Review on Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

19
 Arcot Kumar, Ramarangula Sai Deepak, Dr DV Sagar Kusuma
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering
Technology 8, 1314-1318, 2020
2.Development of multi-purpose agriculture robot.
MM Özgüven, M Tan, C Közkurt, MH Yardım, M Özsoy, E Sabancı
Gaziosmanpașa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 33 (Ek Sayi), 108-
116, 2016
3.Design and implementation of seeding and fertilizing agriculture robot
BS Shivaprasad, MN Ravishankara, BN Shoba
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM) 3 (6), 251-255, 2014
4.Wireless Controlled Multipurpose Agriculture Robot
Sagar Ingle, Sumedh Sonavne, Samadhan Lokare, Mrutyunjay Patted
Available at SSRN 3645380, 2020

Output of the micro-project:

• Work reliably under different working conditions.

• Decrease the cost of machine.

• Decrease labor cost by advancing the spraying method.

20
• Machine can be operated in small farming land (1 acre).

• Making such a machine which can be able to perform both the operation

21
 ANNEXURE - II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2020-21 Name of the Faculty: Nikam.S.M.

Course Name and Code: Capstone project planning

Semester: Fifth(ME5I)

Title of the project: Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

CO’s addressed by Micro Project: Our project achieves higher safety, reduces human
effort, increases the efficiency, reduces the work load, reduces the fatigue of workers and
reduces maintenance cost.

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if

any):
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4for

performance in performance in
Roll No.
Student Name group activity (D5 oral/ presentation Total out
Col.8) (D5 Col.9) of 10
ME-12 Rathod Sandhya
Sanjay

Mr. Nikam.S.M

(Sign of faculty)

22