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APHG Chapter 7 Class Notes Key Issues 1 and 2

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434 views23 pages

APHG Chapter 7 Class Notes Key Issues 1 and 2

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marisa cordero
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Chapter 7: Ethnicity

The Cultural Landscape:


An Introduction to Human Geography

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Ethnicity
pg 208
•  Ethnicity = from the Greek ethnikos,
meaning national
–  Ethnicities share a cultural identity with
people from the same homeland
–  Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits
•  what makes ethnicity different from language or
religion?
•  Race = people who share a biological
ancestor

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Case Study/Ethnic Diversity in
America (pg 208)
•  How does President Barack Obama
represent the complexity of ethnic
diversity in the Unites States?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
•  Distribution of Ethnicities in the Unites States
(pg 208)
•  Distribution of ethnicities in the United States
–  Hispanics (Latinos) = 15 percent of the U.S. population
–  African Americans = 13 percent of the U.S. population
–  Asian Americans = 4 percent of the U.S. population
–  American Indians = 1 percent of the U.S. population

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
• Clustering of Ethnicities (pg 209)
•  1. in particular regions; 2. In neighborhoods
within cities
•  REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:

Figure 7-1
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:
(pg 209)

Figure 7-2
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:
(pg 209)

Figure 7-3
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:

Figure 7-4
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
–  Concentration of Ethnicities Cities (pg 210)
•  90 percent of African Americans and Hispanics
live in cities
•  Remnants of twentieth-century European
migration = still evident on the landscape (in
what ways??)
•  Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy,
Greektown

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles
(pg 210, 211)

Ethnic groups are clustered


in different areas.
Figure 7-5 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7-6
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
–  African American Migration Patterns (pg
211)
•  Three major migration patterns
–  Forced migration from Africa (eighteenth century)
»  The triangular slave trade- ??
»  (what are the parts of the triangular trade?)
»  Sharecropper - ??
–  Immigration To The North (pg 212): from the South to
northern cities (first half of the twentieth century). The most
dramatic change in the distribution of African Americans in
the United States.
»  why? (pg 212)
»  Identifiable paths of migration
–  Expansion to the Ghetto: (pg 213)
»  Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas
(second half of the twentieth century to present)
»  The ghetto
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Triangular Slave Pattern

Figure 7-8
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
African American Migration in the United
States (Twentieth Century)

Figure 7-10
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
•  Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
(pg 213-217)
–  Often confusing – why? (pg 214)
–  Race = traits that are shared genetically
•  racism- ?? (pg. 214)
•  racist - ?? (pg 214)
–  Biological features within one racial group are highly variable
–  Biological classification of people into distinct racial groups is meaningless

•  Race in the United States


–  What group is not included on the U. S. Bureau of the
Census list of ‘races’?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Key Issue 1
Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Pgs 208-217
•  Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
(pg 213-217)
–  Spatial effects of racism
•  Separate But Equal Doctrine (pg 215)
»  which court case?
»  What were the results?
•  White Flight (pg 215)
»  Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas –
results???
»  Blockbusting (???)
–  Division by Race in South Africa (pg 215-216)
–  Apartheid (??) in South Africa

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Apartheid

Figure 7-13
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
•  Rise of nationalities
•  Nationality = identity with a group of people who share a
common allegiance to a particular country
•  Ethnicity - ??
•  Race - ??
•  (Also read pages 223-229 in DeBlij:
–  state - ????
–  Nations - ???; nation-state - ????; stateless nation???
–  (what are they and where are they in the late 20th
century?)
–  Nation-states
•  Nation-state???
•  self-determinism-??
•  Examples
–  Denmark: Why? There Are No Perfect Nation-
States
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
–  Nation-states in Europe
•  such as ???
–  Nationalism =
•  loyalty and devotion to a nationality
–  it’s an example of centripetal force - ????
–  centrifugal force - ????
–  (also- read page 234 “How Do States Spatially
Organize Their Governments?”)

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)

Figure 7-15
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
•  Multinational states
–  Multiethnic state
•  A state with multiple ethnic groups, all of whom might
contribute to a larger national identity
–  Example: the United States
–  Multinational state
•  A state with multiple ethnic groups who retain their own
distinctive national identity
–  Example: the United Kingdom - ???
–  Example: Russia (the largest multinational state)

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217)
–  Former Soviet Union: The Largest Multinational
State:
–  Broke up into 15 independent countries: ??

•  New Baltic Nation-States


–  Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia
•  New European Nation-States
–  Belarus, Moldova (Romanian relationship - ???,
Ukraine

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Key Issue 2
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into
Nationalities? (pg 217-224)
•  Revival of Ethnic Identity
–  What centripetal forces did the former Soviet
Union use, and for what purpose?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.


Ethnicities in Russia

Figure 7-18
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

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