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18ASL66 Design Modelling and Analysis Lab

This document outlines the vision, mission, and learning outcomes of the Aerospace Engineering Department and Design, Modeling & Analysis Lab course at MVJ College of Engineering. The department aims to provide quality aerospace engineering education and promote research and innovation. The course focuses on modeling airfoil geometries, generating meshes, and performing analysis. It is a VI semester lab course covering experiments on symmetric and cambered airfoil modeling and mesh generation.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

156 views82 pages

18ASL66 Design Modelling and Analysis Lab

Uploaded by

Preetham Preethu

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Department of Aerospace Engineering MVJ College of Engineering

===============================================================

(An Autonomous Institute)

Permanently Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,
Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC,
NBA Recognized by UGC with 12(f) & 12(B) Status.
NEAR ITPB, CHANNASANDRA, BENGALURU – 560 067
Website: www.mvjce.edu.in

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER
18ASL66–DESIGN, MODELING & ANALYSIS LAB

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 – 2021

LABORATORY MANUAL
NAME OF THE STUDENT :

BRANCH :

UNIVERSITY SEAT NO. :

SEMESTER & SECTION :

BATCH :

Institute Vision
To become an institute of academic excellence with international standards.

Institute Mission

1. Impart quality education along with industry exposure.

2. Provide world class facilities to undertake research activities
relevant to industrial and professional needs.
3. Promote entrepreneurship and value-added education that is
socially relevant with economic benefits

Department Vision
To have an international standing for imparting quality technical education in the field of
Aeronautical engineering and technology, to a more sustainable and socially responsible
future.
Department Mission

• Knowledge & Innovation: The department aims in dissemination of knowledge

to develop innovative solutions to the various problems in Aeronautical
Engineering and related fields.

• Professional Skills: To mould students in to successful Aeronautical Engineers

by maintaining best teaching and learning environment in which faculty grow
professionally and students receive unsurpassed knowledge, skills, insights and
tools for lifelong learning.

• Research Inculcation: To inculcate the state-of-the-art technologies and R & D

to design the next generation of high performance, efficient air & space
transportation.

• Socio-Ethical responsibility: To nurture Aeronautical Engineers to be sensitive

to ethical, societal and environmental issues while conducting their professional

work.

Program Outcomes (PO):

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design / development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and teamwork: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities
with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
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Department of Aerospace Engineering MVJ College of Engineering
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comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs):

• PEO-01: Employability & Skills: Graduates will be successful Aeronautical
Engineers in Industry, Research and Academic sectors by applying the basic
principles of Mathematics, Science and Engineering, with high quality
communication and interpersonal skills to work effectively in multidisciplinary
teams, both as team members and as leaders.
• PEO-02: Professional Development: Graduates will be able to synthesize data &
derive technical specifications and design and develop innovative solutions to the
various problems in Aeronautical Engineering by engaging in lifelong learning
and professional development.
• PEO-03: Social & Ethical values: Graduates will use modern engineering techniques, skill,
and tools with high degree of professional ethics and standards, to fulfill the societal and
personal needs.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSO):

Program Specific Outcomes: PSOs are statements that describe what the graduates of a
specific engineering program should be able to do.

PSO-1: DGCA/FAR/FAA/MIL/JAR/DEFSTD-regulations: Use the standard

government regulations/specifications for design, manufacturing and testing purposes of

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Department of Aerospace Engineering MVJ College of Engineering
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civil and military aircrafts and perform various maintenance related works and synthesize
information / data from various sources of Aircraft operations.
PSO-2: Design, Development & Manufacturing of aircraft and related systems: Carry
out the preliminary design and development of aircraft and manufacturing of various
systems involved and Predict performance characteristics along with the stability analysis.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Sl.
Name of the Experiment Page No.
No.
Modeling of Symmetric Airfoil Geometry and Generation
1. 16
of Body Fitting Adaptive Mesh
Modeling of Cambered Airfoil Geometry and Generation
2. 21
of Body Fitting Adaptive Mesh
Modeling of 2D incompressible and Inviscid flow over
symmetrical/ cambered airfoil and plotting of pressure
3. 29
distribution and velocity vectors for subsonic or
supersonic Mach nos.
Modeling of 2D compressible and viscous flow over
symmetrical/ cambered airfoil and plotting of pressure
4. 37
distribution and velocity vectors for subsonic or
supersonic Mach nos.
Geometric modeling and mesh generation of 2D
5. convergent – divergent nozzle and analysis of flow for 42
adiabatic conditions (Fanno flow).
6. Grid generation on a fore portion of a spacecraft model. 46

High speed flow analysis past blunt object in presence of

7. 52
a bow shock wave.
8. Structural modelling of 3-D wing. 58

9. Structural modeling of fuselage bulkhead of a spacecraft. 63

Shear flow analysis of under defined load conditions on a

10. 71
spar of 3-D wing.

Shear flow analysis under defied load conditions in a

11. 77
bulkhead.
Estimation of shear flow in a plate of varying stiffness
12. 83
under bending and torsion.
13. Free and forced Vibrational analysis of a structural
89
frame.

Analysis of active vibration control in a smart material

14. 93
part.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Course Outcomes
Code
CO315.1 Draw the geometric models of symmetric, Cambered aerofoil,
Nozzle, Wing, and other structures
CO315.2 Understand the Engineering problem and apply different types
of meshing
CO315.3 Predict the stresses for 2-D and 3-D Structural members such
as fuselage bulkhead, aircraft wing torsion box, Tapered wing
spar
CO315.4 Model Inviscid and Viscous flow for the 2-D flows and
analyse the results
CO315.5 Compare the results of the software with hand calculations

Getting Started with ANSYS

Performing a Typical ANSYS Analysis
The ANSYS program has many finite element analysis capabilities, ranging from a simple,
linear, static analysis to a complex, nonlinear, transient dynamic analysis. The analysis
guide manuals in the ANSYS documentation set describe specific procedures for
performing analyses for different engineering disciplines.

A typical ANSYS analysis has three distinct steps:

• PREPROCESSING
• SOLUTION
• POSTPROCESSING

PREPROCESSING

Building a finite element model requires more of an ANSYS user's time than any other part
of the analysis. First, you specify a Jobname and analysis title. Then, you use the PREP7
Pre-processor to define the element types, element real constants, material properties, and
the model geometry.

Specifying a Jobname and Analysis Title

This task is not required for an analysis but is recommended.

Defining the Jobname

The jobname is a name that identifies the ANSYS job. When you define a jobname for an

analysis, the jobname becomes the first part of the name of all files the analysis creates.
(The extension or suffix for these files' names is a file identifier such as .DB.) By using a
jobname for each analysis, you ensure that no files are overwritten.
If you do not specify a jobname, all files receive the name FILE or file, depending on the

Command(s): /FILNAME

GUI: Utility Menu>File>Change Jobname

Defining Element Types

The ANSYS element library contains more than 100 different element types. Each element
type has a unique number and a prefix that identifies the element category: BEAM4,
PLANE77, SOLID96, etc. The following element categories are available.

The element type determines, among other things:

The degree-of-freedom set (which in turn implies the discipline-structural, thermal,

magnetic, electric, quadrilateral, brick, etc.) Whether the element lies in two-dimensional
or three-dimensional space.

For example, BEAM4, has six structural degrees of freedom (UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY,
ROTZ), is a line element, and can be modelled in 3-D space. PLANE77 has a thermal

Defining Element Real Constants:

Element real constants are properties that depend on the element type, such as cross-
sectional properties of a beam element. For example, real constants for BEAM3, the 2-D
beam element, are area (AREA), moment of inertia (IZZ), height (HEIGHT), shear
deflection constant.

(SHEARZ), initial strain (ISTRN), and added mass per unit length (ADDMAS). Not all
element

types require real constants, and different elements of the same type may have different
real constant values.

As with element types, each set of real constants has a reference number, and the table of

reference number versus real constant set is called the real constant table. While defining
the elements, you point to the appropriate real constant reference number using the REAL
command.

(Main Menu> Pre-processor>Create>Elements>Elem Attributes).

Defining Material Properties:

Most element types require material properties. Depending on the application, material

Properties may be:

Linear or nonlinear

Isotropic, Orthotropic, or Anisotropic

Constant temperature or temperature dependent.

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As with element types and real constants, each set of material properties has a material
reference number. The table of material reference numbers versus material property sets is
called the material table. Within one analysis, you may have multiple material property
sets (to correspond with multiple materials used in the model). ANSYS identifies each set
with a unique reference number.

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models.

Creating the Model Geometry

Once you have defined material properties, the next step in an analysis is generating a finite
element model-nodes and elements-that adequately describes the model geometry.

There are two methods to create the finite element model: solid modelling and direct
generation.

With solid Modeling, you describe the geometric shape of your model, then instruct the
ANSYS program to automatically mesh the geometry with nodes and elements. You can
control the size and shape of the elements that the program creates. With direct generation,
you "manually" define the location of each node and the connectivity of each element.
Several convenience operations, such as copying patterns of existing nodes and elements,
symmetry reflection, etc. are available.

Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution

In this step, you use the SOLUTION processor to define the analysis type and analysis
options, apply loads, specify load step options, and initiate the finite element solution. You
also can apply loads using the PREP7 Preprocessor.

Applying Loads

The word loads as used in this manual includes boundary conditions (constraints, supports,
or boundary field specifications) as well as other externally and internally applied loads.
Loads in the ANSYS program are divided into six categories:

Forces

Surface Loads

Body Loads

Inertia Loads

Coupled field Loads.

You can apply most of these loads either on the solid model (key points, lines, and areas)
or the finite element model (nodes and elements).

Two important load-related terms you need to know are load step and sub step. A load step
is simply a configuration of loads for which you obtain a solution. In a structural analysis,
for example, you may apply wind loads in one load step and gravity in a second load step.
Load steps are also useful in dividing a transient load history curve into several segments.
Sub steps are incremental steps taken within a load step. You use them mainly for accuracy
and convergence purposes in transient and nonlinear analyses. Sub steps are also known as
time steps steps taken over a period.

SOLUTION

To initiate solution calculations, use either of the following:

Command(s): SOLVE.

GUI: Main Menu>Solution>Current LS

When you issue this command, the ANSYS program takes model and loading information
from the database and calculates the results. Results are written to the results file
(Jobname.RST, Jobname.RTH, Jobname.RMG, or Jobname.RFL) and to the database.

POSTPROCESSING

Once the solution has been calculated, you can use the ANSYS postprocessors to review
the results.

Aim: Modeling of Symmetric/Cambered Airfoil geometry, and generation of body fitting

mesh.
Apparatus: A computer hardware, software (ANSYS) with a graphical user interface.
PROCEDURE

The three main steps to be involved are

1. Pre-Processing

2. Solution

3. Post Processing

Start - All Programs – ANSYS - Mechanical APDL Product Launcher – Set the Working
Directory as E Drive, User - Job Name as Roll No., Ex. No. – Click Run.

PREPROCESSING

1. Preference – Flotran CFD- h-Method - Ok.

2. Preprocessor - Element type - Add/Edit/Delete – Add – 2D FLOTRAN 141,

FLOTRAN 141 – Ok.

3. Material props - Material Models – CFD – Density – 1.23 - Ok.

4. Select the symmetrical Aerofoil Coordinates placed in server. Paste it in the notepad as
per the appropriate command – K, NPT,X,Y,Z (Eg- K,1,1,0.00126,0)

5. Write the next command FLST, NFIELD, NARG, TYPE, Otype, LENG

6. Write the next command FITEM, NFIELD, ITEM, ITEMY, ITEMZ

8. Save the File as Aerofoil_Coordinates.dat or (refer APPENDIX)

9. File – Read Input From – Select the Aerofoil_Coordinates.dat File – Open.

10. Modelling – Create – Keypoints – In Active Cs – X – 6 – Y – 6 – Apply, X – (6) – Y

(-6) – Apply, X – (6) – Y – (0) – Apply, X – (1.01) – Y (6) – Apply, X – (1.01) – Y (-6) –
Apply, X – (-4.99) – Y (0) – OK.

10. Modelling – Create – Lines – (Create Rectangular Grid behind the aerofoil)

11. Modelling – Create – Arc – By End KPs and Rad – Pick end point – Ok – Pick Centre
Point – Ok – Radius – (6) – Ok.

12. Modelling – Create – Areas – By Lines – Pick Lines (Create Rectangular Area behind
the Aerofoil and C-Shaped area Before the Aerofoil) – Ok.

Note: Do not Create Area In the Aerofoil.

13. Meshing – Size Ctrls – Manual Size – Lines – Picked Lines – Pick (Upper Curved
portion of Grid) – Ok – No. Of Element Divisions – 20 – Ok.

14. Meshing – Size Ctrls – Manual Size – Lines – Picked Lines – Pick (Upper Curved
portion of Aerofoil) – Ok – No. Of Element Divisions – 20 – Ok.

15. Meshing – Size Ctrls – Manual Size – Lines – Picked Lines – Pick (Vertical Upper
Line in Grid) – Ok – No. Of Element Divisions – 20 – Ok.

16. Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – Lines – Picked Lines – Pick (Horizontal Line
in Grid) – Ok – No. Of Element Divisions – 20 – Ok.

17. Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – Lines – Picked Lines – Pick (Upper Vertical
line at the End of Grid) – Ok – No. Of Element Divisions – 20 – Ok.

19. Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – Lines – Picked Lines – Pick (Upper
Horizontal line at the End of Grid) – Ok – No. Of Element Divisions – 20 – Ok.

Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – Lines – Picked Lines – Pick (Lower Horizontal
line at the End of Grid) – Ok – No. Of Element Divisions – 20 – Ok.

20. Meshing – Mesh – Areas – Mapped – 3 Or 4 Sides – Pick (All Areas) – Ok.

21. PlotCtrls-Write Metafile-InvertWhite/Black

Result:

Body fitting mesh of Symmetric/Cambered Airfoil has been executed in ANSYS.

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Define Aerofoil.
2. Explain all NACA aerofoil series.
3. Explain the terms used in the NACA series.
4. What is h-refinement?
5. What is p-refinement?
6. What is Preprocessor?
7. Explain the Element FLOTRAN141.
8. What is meant by Element type?
9. What is Body fitting Mesh?
10. Explain the procedure used to generate mesh over the aerofoil.
11. Define cambered aerofoil.
12. What is the use of cambered aerofoil?
13. What is the difference between structured and unstructured mesh?
14. What is the use of Body Fitting Mesh?
15. Define the tool ‘Solution’.
16. What are Isoperimetric elements?
17. What is the use of Isoperimetric Elements?
18. What is the shape function?
19. Write the uses of Shape function.
20. What is the difference between Key points and nodes?

Aim: Modeling of Symmetric/Cambered Airfoil geometry, and generation of body fitting

mesh.
Apparatus: A computer hardware, software (ANSYS) with a graphical user interface.
PROCEDURE

The three main steps to be involved are

1. Pre-Processing

2. Solution

3. Post Processing

Start - All Programs – ANSYS - Mechanical APDL Product Launcher – Set the Working
Directory as E Drive, User - Job Name as Roll No., Ex. No. – Click Run.

PREPROCESSING

1. Preference – Flotran CFD- h-Method - Ok.

2. Preprocessor - Element type - Add/Edit/Delete – Add – 2D FLOTRAN 141,

FLOTRAN 141 – Ok.

3. Material props - Material Models – CFD – Density – 1.23 - Ok.

4. Select the CAMBERED Aerofoil Coordinates placed in server. Paste it in the notepad
as per the appropriate command – K, NPT,X,Y,Z (Eg- K,1,1,0.00126,0)