Answer to the question no-1

Data and instructions will be converted into output from the view point of basic organization of
computer system by data processing. The processing of converting data instruction into
information or data instruction into output is called data processing. Data processing is a series
of action or operation that convert input into output.

All computer systems irrespective of their shape and size perform the five basic operations
for their converting raw input data into useful information and presenting it to a user. Basic
organization of computer consists of 4 operations.

1/ Inputting: It accepts or read data instructions and data from outside. Accepts data input
from the user through various input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scammer, digital camera
and microphone. Data is a collection of facts such as number, words, measurement,
observation or just descriptions of things. It converts these instructions and data in computer
acceptable form. It supplies the converted instructions and data to computer system for further
processing.
2/ Storing: A storage unit stores data. Data and instructions required for processing. It
stores intermediate results for processing. There are two types of storage unit. That was
primary storage and secondary storage.
3/ Processing: Data processing is the process of manipulating the data using a set of
instructions and producing the desired output. A set of instructions starts these operations.
These instructions are either stored in the memory or built into the microprocessor.
4/ Outputting: It accepts the results produced by a computer processing unit. It converts
those results to human acceptable from. It supplies the converted result to outside. It shows
processed data to the user. This data can be in the form of numbers, characters or pictures. Pc
displays the output through various output devices such as monitors, printers, speakers etc.
5/ Controlling: Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are
performed.
 So first of all, user input data instruction from the various devices like the keyboard,
mouse, scammer, digital camera and microphone. Input is the process of feeding data and
instructions to a computer system. Then in storage unit, primary storage temporary store data.
It is the process of saving the data and instruction for the use of the system as and when
required. After that data instruction goes to the control unit. And then control unit send those
data instruction to the arithmetic logic unit for the processing data. It is the way of carrying out
arithmetic or logical operations on data in order to convert them to useful information. ALU
(Arithmetic and Logic Unit) It performs arithmetical and logical operations. It is the brain of the
computer, where most of the calculations take place. Then if the data is not mean to be stored
for further uses or future uses that it will be shown as output. But if the data is use for further
uses or future uses then it stored to secondary storage in storage unit. At last it is the process of
presenting the final result for the user in printed or visual display format .

Answer to the question no-2

Keyboard and optical mouse sends data to the CPU or system unit by expansion bus. The details
are given below.
There are two types of keyboard. Those are wireless keyboard wired keyboard. In wireless
keyboard when the user presses any key in the keyboard the signal of that key will be
transmitted by the radio transmitter of the keyboard. Then the signal will be received by the
USB or Bluetooth. It was conveyed or transmits the signal to the system unit. On the other hand
in wired keyboard when anyone presses any key on the keyboard it will go to keyboard
controller. Keyboard controller generates code for this instruction. Then it goes to keyboard
buffer. Keyboard buffer stored temporary data. Then keyboard controller also sending a
request to the system software. After that system software go to the keyboard buffer and
collect the code for processing. In both cases, wireless keyboard and wired keyboard transfer
date to the system unit by expansion bus. In the expansion bus there are three functions. These
are data bus, address bus and control bus. The expansion connects external devices such as
keyboard, printer and mouse etc. So when data transfer keyboard to system unit data bus
carried data and transfer data between receiver to system unit or CPU. Address bus carries the
addresses of different external devices to be accessed. And control bus is used to carry read or
write commands or instruction of external devices.
An optical mouse uses optical electronics to track its movement on surface. When the user
moves the mouse over the surface or press any key or button data bus carried data and transfer
data between receiver to system unit or CPU. And as well as address bus carried addresses and
control bus carry read or write commands of optical mouse. After that system unit or CPU
process data and displayed on monitor for the user.
So this is the way keyboard and optical mouse will interact with the CPU while taking inputs.

Answer to the question no-3

When we input data into computer then the speed of computer work depends on a few
systems. Each sector works in unison with each other and increases the speed of computer
work.
User input data instruction from the various devices like the keyboard, mouse, scammer, digital
camera and microphone. ALU performs the arithmetic and logic operations on the data that is
made available to it. At the point When as instruction is served, arithmetic and logic operation
convert that information to binary for the computer system to understand. And the instruction
transferred to register.
The smallest computer memory is the Register. Register are present inside the CPU. The size of
the register is also known as word size. Larger size indicates more powerful computer. Register
is a high speed storage area .The CPU contains various little memory zones, called registers,
which store information and directions while the CPU measures them. Register is referred to as
CPU working memory. It stores data instruction and intermediate result at processing. It
transports and processes data instruction very quickly. The more register in a computer, the
computer will be faster and easier to transport. As a result, the speed of computer work has
increased.
The control unit then coordinates the input and output devices. Control unit handle all the
computer resources. Control unit handle what instructions the CPU can perform. Most
instructions involve simply moving data from one place to another place. When the control unit
encounters any instruction that involves arithmetic operation, it passes that instruction to ALU.
The control unit illuminates when to get instruction, how to deal with the directions and
instructions, where to store the outcomes and and the sequence of events happening during
processing.
More RAM (random access memory) makes the computer run fast. RAM is one of the most
important components in determining computer system's performance. During the process, It
is required the instruction is gotten to from the RAM and put away in registers, the time it takes
to move the information among RAM and CPU registers is very large which influences the speed
of processing of the computer. While preparing the CPU first checks for the necessary
information in store memory in the data instruction that not discovered, at that point it goes to
RAM for the information.
Cache memory is very fast memory. Second most fastest memory of computer after register.
Cache memory located on the CPU or very near to the CPU chip. Cache memory holds common
or recently used data. Cache memory speeds up computer processing. Most computers have
several caches. Cache memory makes RAM work easier. Because cache memory saves extra
data instruction of RAM. Cache memory stores data instruction only. Cache memory is referred
to as a storage buffer. Cache memory is built into the processor and may also be located next to
it on a separate chip between the CPU and RAM. When the CPU needs any data, it first goes to
the cache memory so after less pressure on the RAM. The function of RAM is to store cache
memory and stores its data instruction. Cache memory used frequently to make it available to
the CPU at a faster rate. Cache memory stores data instruction only and Register stores data
instruction and intermediate result at processing. Firstly when CPU needs any data instruction it
first goes to cache memory. And the register takes this instruction to the cache memory. The
desired information from the cache memory is then taken to the register CPU.
During processing the system clock synchronizes all segments on the motherboard, which
implies they all accomplish their work just if the clock is high; never when it's low. The speed of
a computer processor is measured in clock speed. For example, 1 MHz is one million cycles, or
vibrations, a second. 2 GHz is two billion cycles, or vibrations, a second. A system clock is a
continuous pulse that helps the computer clock keeps the correct time. The system clock
determines how quickly the central processing unit (CPU) can retrieve and interpret
instructions. This helps the computer complete more tasks by getting them done faster. While
the processing is being done the information and directions that require preparing are brought
into the RAM from the capacity large like hard disk. Computer chip gets to the information and
the directions from RAM, as it can get to it at a faster speed. The information that is entered
utilizing the information unit is put away in RAM, to be made accessible during the preparing of
information.
ROM stands for read only memory. The instructions in ROM prepare the computer for use.
These instructions can only be read but cannot be changed or delete. ROM stores data and
instructions permanently. When the power is switched off, the instructions stored in ROM are
not lost.
And finally, the whole processing is carried out by the help of the different components of the
computer that are connected with each other by a bus. Bus is a set of electronic signal
pathways that allow information and signals to travel between components inside or outside of
a computer. There are two types of buses, Internal or System Bus and External or Expansion
Bus. External bus connects to peripherals devices like Mouse, Keyboard and Printer etc. System
bus connects CPU and RAM. Bus width is measured in bits. Speed is tied to the clock. Data Bus
(system) transfers data between the CPU and memory. The amount of data depends upon the
size of data bus. A 16-bit bus carries 16 bit of data. The bigger the data bus, the more amounts
of data it transfer. The bus width of a data bus affects the speed of computer. Address bus
(system) is used to carry only memory address to and from RAM, CPU. Control Bus (system)
specifies whether data is to be read or written to the memory, etc. And data bus (expansion)
carried data and transfer data between receiver to system unit or CPU. Address bus (expansion)
carries the addresses of different external devices to be accessed. And control bus (expansion)
is used to carry read or write commands or instruction of external devices.