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An Review of Power Factor Correction in SRM Drives Using Bridgeless

Converters

Article  in  TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering · June 2015

DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v14i3.7781

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TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering
Vol. 14, No. 3, June 2015, pp. 441 ~ 445
DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v14i3.7781  441

An Review of Power Factor Correction in SRM Drives

Using Bridgeless Converters

M. Vishvanath*1, R. Balamurugan2
Department of Power Electronics and Drives, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology (Autonomous),
K.S.R Kalvi Nagar, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, Ph./Fax: 04288 274741-44/04288 274860
*Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
This paper deals with a comparative analysis of various converter topologies for Power Factor
Correction (PFC) in switched reluctance motor drives. Hence a power factor corrected converter required
for obtaining the improved PQ at the AC mains for an inverter fed SRM drive has been analyzed. The SRM
when fed by a DBR with a high value of DC-link capacitor results in highly distorted supply current and a
poor power factor. A new bidirectional bridgeless LUO converter is used. The bridgeless LUO converter is
a mixture of two dc-dc converters with one or two semiconductor switches in the current flowing path
thereby reducing the current stresses in the active and passive switches. Circuit efficiency is further
improved as compared to conventional Converters. LUO converters are new series of DC/DC Converters
that have very low ripple of voltage and current and have output wave with high quality, high transfer
voltage gain and high power density.

Keywords: power quality (PQ), power factor correction (PFC), bridgeless converters, LUO converter,
switched reluctance motor (SRM)

Copyright © 2015 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction
The SRM are becoming popular in many low and medium power applications. Switched
Reluctance Motors (SRM) have intrinsic advantages such as simple structure with non-winding
construction in rotor side, high tolerance, robustness, low cost with no permanent magnet in the
structure and it operate in high temperatures or in intense temperature variations [1]. The SRM
is an electric machine it converts the reluctance torque into mechanical power. In SRM, both the
rotor and stator enclose a structure of projected-pole, due to projected poles it produce a high
output torque. Hence it is also known as an electronically commutated motor. The
disadvantages of this type of motor are the pulsating nature of their torque and they can be
acoustically noisy [1].
Power quality problems have become important issues in these motors due to the
recommended limits of harmonics in supply current by various international power quality
standards such as the International Electro technical Commission (IEC) 61000-3-2 [1]. So the
power factor correction has led the circuit designers to look closely at all sections of the circuit
and develop possible lower loss alternatives. One section that contributes significantly to the
losses is the input bridge rectifier. As a result, the alternatives to eliminate the diode bridge or
convert it into a dual-use circuit have been explored for many years. This removal/adaptation of
Diode Bridge brings about its own set of challenges.

2. Types of Bridgeless Converters

Bridgeless converters are becoming more popular in order to increase the power factor
at the ac mains. The distinguishing characteristic of a bridgeless PFC converter is that it
eliminates the need for a diode bridge at the input. This decreases power losses that usually
occur in a diode bridge and, as a result, improves overall system efficiency with comparable
cost savings. Power Factor Correction rectifiers are used to improve the rectifier power density
and to reduce noise emissions via soft switching techniques or coupled magnetic topologies [1].

Received March 11, 2015; Revised April 28, 2015; Accepted May 15, 2015
442  ISSN: 2302-4046

2.1. Bridgeless Boost Converter

Figure 1 shows the Bridgeless Boost Converters. A bridgeless boost rectifier with low
transference losses and reduced diode reverse-recovery troubles is projected for power-factor
correction.
Similar as predictable Boost Rectifier output voltage is superior than the peak output
voltage, Continuous input current, eliminates input filter, Pulsed output current increases output
voltage ripple, Output voltage is always greater than input voltage, Lack of galvanic remoteness,
large start up in rush currents.

Figure 1. Bridgeless Boost Converter

For low voltage applications such as telecommunication, computer industry an

additional converter (or) an isolation transformer is required to step down the voltage [2]. Boost
PFC converter generates a high voltage stress (>1000V) in the wide input voltage range of
adaptable electronic Components, especially in high voltage input condition.Therefore, it is very
complex to choose the components and energy storage space capacitor of later stage secluded
converter over buck boost converter [3].

2.2. Bridgeless Buck-Boost Converter

Figure 2. Bridgeless Buck-Boost Converter

Figure 2 shows the Bridgeless Buck-Boost Converter. Advantages of a buck - boost

converter are Continuous output current results in lesser output voltage ripple, Pulsed input
current, requires input filter, Pulsed output current increases output voltage ripple, Output
voltage can be either smaller or greater than input voltage [4].

2.3. Bridgeless CUK Converter

Figure 3 shows the Bridgeless CUK Converter. CUK converter is actually the cascade
combination of a boost and a buck converter. CUK converter is one such converter. It has the

TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 3, June 2015 : 441 – 445

TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046  443

following advantages. Continuous input current, Continuous output current, Output voltage can
be either greater or less than input voltage.

Figure 3. Bridgeless CUK Converter

The bridgeless Cuk converter operating in a DICM gives an inherent PFC and requires
a simple voltage follower approach for the voltage control and requirement of low size of heat
sink for the switches [5-6].

2.4. Bridgeless SEPIC Converter

Figure 4 shows the Bridgeless SEPIC Converter. The SEPIC officially stands for
“Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter”. However, the unofficial explanation is more
expressive: “Secondary Polarity Inverted Cuk”. At any given instant, three semiconductor
devices exist in the power flow path [7].

Figure 4. Bridgeless SEPIC Converter

Also, special design of the dc-side inductor is necessary to carry the dc current as well
as high-frequency ripple current. This converter has three extra passive elements which
contribute to the volume and weight of the converter. Another main problem with this converter
is that it doubles the output voltage which significantly increases the size of output filter [8].

2.5. Bridgeless ZETA Converter

Figure 5 shows the Bridgeless ZETA Converter. The benefits of the ZETA converter
over the SEPIC converter include lower output-voltage ripple and easier compensation. The
ripple current in the load is greater for Cuk and ZETA converters than SEPIC. The drawbacks
are the requirements for a higher input-voltage ripple, a much larger flying capacitor [9-10].

An Review of Power Factor Correction in SRM Drives Using Bridgeless… (M. Vishvanath)
444  ISSN: 2302-4046

Figure 5. Bridgeless ZETA Converter

2.6. Bridgeless LUO Converter

Figure 6. Bridgeless LUO Converter

The BL-LUO retains all the advantages of the conventional converter system such as
small size, high power density and micro power consumption and at the same time adds some
additional benefits such as, low or no inrush current; improve resistance to failure switching and
EMI distortions, relatively simple start-up, voltage and current ripple is less in output, it is a
bidirectional converter etc [11].
In the current study, the developed Bridgeless luo converter has been shown to be
capable of providing a topology tha reduces the output ripple and parasitic effects. Using this
method stable and ripple free output is obtained.

CONVERTERS NO.OF DEVICES SUITABILITY LINE POWER

NAME FOR SRM CURRENT LEVEL
Switch Diode Inductor Capacitor DRIVE WAVEFORM
BL-BOOST 2 2 1 1 No Good Low to
Medium
BL-BUCK 2 4 2 1 No Excellent Low to
BOOST Medium
BL-CUK 2 4 4 3 Yes Poor Low to
Medium
BL-SEPIC 2 2 2 4 Yes Poor Low to
Medium
BL-ZETA 2 4 4 3 Yes Poor Low to
Medium
BL-LUO 2 4 4 3 Yes Excellent Medium
to High

All the Bridgeless converters have at least one of the following Drawbacks: 1) High
components count, 2) Components are not fully utilized over whole ac-line cycle, 3) Complex

TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 3, June 2015 : 441 – 445

 TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046  445

control, 4) Dc output voltage is always higher than the peak input voltage, 5) Input–output
galvanic isolation cannot be easily implemented, and 6) Due to floating ground, some topologies
require additional diodes and/or capacitors to minimize EMI.

4. Conclusion
Comparative analysis of different types of Bridgeless converter topologies for power
factor correction in SRM drives has been discussed. For elevated power SRM drives BL-LUO
converter is for the most part suitable. It gives the high efficiency output, reduced torque ripples
and good speed response for the SRM drives when compared to the conventional PFC
converters.

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An Review of Power Factor Correction in SRM Drives Using Bridgeless… (M. Vishvanath)

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