Wind Calculations for Stack/Chimney per ASCE 7-16:

Stack Geometry
h ≔ 100 ft E ≔ 29300 ksi

Bottom of Stack: Top of Stack:

Dob ≔ 5 ft Tb ≔ 0.25 in Dot ≔ 3 ft Tt ≔ 0.25 in

Dib ≔ Dob − 2 ⋅ Tb = 4.958 ft Dit ≔ Dot − 2 ⋅ Tt = 2.958 ft

π π
Ab ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝Dob 2 − Dib 2 ⎞⎠ = 46.928 in 2 At ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝Dot 2 − Dit 2 ⎞⎠ = 28.078 in 2
4 4
π ⎛ π ⎛
Ib ≔ ― ⋅ ⎝Dob 4 − Dib 4 ⎞⎠ = 20942.15 in 4 It ≔ ― ⋅ ⎝Dot 4 − Dit 4 ⎞⎠ = 4485.9 in 4
64 64

lb lb lb lb
mb ≔ Ab ⋅ 490 ―― 3
= 159.684 ― mt ≔ At ⋅ 490 ―― = 95.543 ―
ft ft ft 3
ft
Shape Factor per Fig 29.4-1:
vx ≔ [[ 0 1 7 25 9999 ]] vy ≔ [[ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 ]]
h h
―― = 20 ―― = 33.333
Dob Dot

⎛ h ⎞ ⎛ h ⎞
Cfb ≔ linterp ⎜vx T , vy T , ―― ⎟ = 0.672 Cft ≔ linterp ⎜vx T , vy T , ―― ⎟ = 0.7
⎝ Dob ⎠ ⎝ Dot ⎠

⎛ h⎞
_Cf ((D)) ≔ linterp ⎜vx T , vy T , ―⎟
⎝ D⎠
Table 26.11-1 for Exposure C:
α ≔ 9.5 zg ≔ 900 ft zg = 900 ft
1
bh ≔ 1 εb ≔ ― l ≔ 500 ft l = 152.4 m
bb ≔ 0.65 5 zmin ≔ 15 ft zmin = 4.572 m
1
c ≔ 0.2 αb ≔ ――
6.5
Kzt ≔ 1 (No Topographic Features)

Kd ≔ 1 (Table 26.6-1 for Round Chimney)

Ke ≔ 1 (Table 26.9-1 AT Sea Level)

2
―
α
⎛z⎞
_Kz ((z)) ≔ 2.01 ⋅ ⎜―⎟
⎝ zg ⎠

Need these to make units work in qz eqn.

 Need these to make units work in qz eqn.
V s
V ≔ 120 mph Vmph ≔ ――= 120 Vmps ≔ V ⋅ ―= 53.645
mph m
Calculate Flexible Gust factor per 26.11
n1 ≔ 1.94 Hz (Natural Frequency of Stack)
βs ≔ 0.002 (Structural damping for a typical Stack)

zb ≔ 0.6 ⋅ h = 60 ft (Para 26.11.4)

1
―
6
⎛ 33 ft ⎞
Izb ≔ c ⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 0.181 (Equation 26.11-7)
⎝ zb ⎠
⎛ zb ⎞ εb
Lzb ≔ l ⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 563.505 ft (Equation 26.11-9)
⎝ 33 ft ⎠
b ≔ ((3 ft + 5 ft )) ⋅ 0.5 = 4 ft (Average Diameter)

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1
Q≔ ―――――― 0.63
= 0.906 (Equation 26.11-8)
⎛b+h⎞
1 + 0.63 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Lzb ⎠

⎛ zb ⎞ αb ⎛ 88 ft ⎞ ft
Vzb ≔ bb ⋅ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ ⎜― ―⎟ ⋅ Vmph = 125.421 ― (Equation 26.11-16)
⎝ 33 ft ⎠ ⎝ 60 s ⎠ s

n1 ⋅ Lzb
N1 ≔ ――― = 8.716 (Equation 26.11-14)
Vzb

7.47 ⋅ N1
Rn ≔ ――――― 5
= 0.036 (Equation 26.11-13)
―
3
⎛⎝1 + 10.3 ⋅ N1⎞⎠

Para 26.11.5 (Width and Length are both Diameter 'b')

4.6 ⋅ n1 ⋅ h 4.6 ⋅ n1 ⋅ b 15.4 ⋅ n1 ⋅ b
ηh ≔ ―――― = 7.115 ηb ≔ ――― = 0.285 ηl ≔ ―――― = 0.953
Vzb Vzb Vzb

1 1
Rh ≔ ―− ――― ⋅ ⎛⎝1 − e −2 ⋅ ηh⎞⎠ = 0.131 (Equation 26.11-15a)
ηh 2 ⋅ ηh 2

1 1
Rb ≔ ―− ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝1 − e −2 ⋅ ηb⎞⎠ = 0.834 (Equation 26.11-15a)
ηb 2 ⋅ ηb 2

1 1
Rl ≔ ―− ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝1 − e −2 ⋅ ηl⎞⎠ = 0.581 (Equation 26.11-15a)
ηl 2 ⋅ ηl 2
 1 1
Rl ≔ ―− ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝1 − e −2 ⋅ ηl⎞⎠ = 0.581 (Equation 26.11-15a)
ηl 2 ⋅ ηl 2
Calculate Aerodynamic Damping: (ASME STS-1 Eqn 5-1)
lb
ρ ≔ 0.0765 ―― (Density of air)
ft 3

Cft ⋅ ρ ⋅ Dot ⋅ Vzb

βa ≔ ―――――= 0.0087 (Equation 5-1 in ASME STS-1-2016)
4 ⋅ π ⋅ mt ⋅ n1
β ≔ βs + βa = 0.011 (For Along Wind Loads Total Damping is Structural + Aerodynamic)

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1
R≔ ―⋅ Rn ⋅ Rh ⋅ Rb ⋅ ⎛⎝0.53 + 0.47 ⋅ Rl⎞⎠ = 0.5403 (Equation 26.11-12)
β
gQ ≔ 3.4 gV ≔ gQ = 3.4
0.577
gR ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ ln ⎛⎝3600 s ⋅ n1⎞⎠ + ―――――― = 4.345 (Equation 26.11-11)
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ ln ⎛⎝3600 s ⋅ n1⎞⎠

⎛ 1 + 1.7 ⋅ I ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
gQ 2 ⋅ Q 2 + gR 2 ⋅ R 2 ⎞
zb
Gf ≔ 0.925 ⋅ ――――――――――⎟ = 0.991
⎜ (Equation 26.11-10)
⎜⎝ 1 + 1.7 ⋅ gV ⋅ Izb ⎟⎠

_qz ((z)) ≔ 0.00256 ⋅ _Kz ((z)) ⋅ Kzt ⋅ Kd ⋅ Ke ⋅ Vmph 2 ⋅ 1 psf (Eqn 26.10.1)

_qz_metric ((z)) ≔ 0.0613 ⋅ _Kz ((z)) ⋅ Kzt ⋅ Kd ⋅ Ke ⋅ Vmps 2 ⋅ 1 Pa (Eqn 26.10.1.si)

(Eqn 29.4-1)
_Af ((z , b)) ≔ ‖ for j ∊ 0 ‥ rows ((z)) − 1| | _F ⎛⎝qz , G , Cf , Af⎞⎠ ≔ ‖ for j ∊ 0 ‥ rows ⎛⎝qz⎞⎠ − 1| |
‖ ‖ || ‖ ||
‖ ‖ if j ＝ rows ((z)) − 1| | | ‖ ‖ F ← qz ⋅ G ⋅ Cf ⋅ Af | |
‖ ‖ ‖L←z | | ‖ ‖ j j j j
||
‖ ‖ ‖‖ | || ‖
‖( ) |
| ||
j
‖ ‖ ‖ (F) |
‖ ‖ else | ||
‖ ‖ ‖L←z −z | ||
|
‖ ‖ ‖‖ j j+1 |
| ||
‖ ‖A ←L⋅b ||
‖ ‖ j j || |
‖ |
‖ ((A)) |

Results in Imperial Units:

Results in Imperial Units:
⎡ 100 ⎤ ⎡3⎤ ⎡ 1.266 ⎤ ⎡ 30 ⎤
⎢ 90 ⎥ ⎢3⎥ ⎢ 1.238 ⎥ ⎢ 30 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 80 ⎥ ⎢3⎥ ⎢ 1.208 ⎥ ⎢ 30 ⎥
⎢ 70 ⎥ ⎢3⎥ ⎢ 1.174 ⎥ ⎢ 30 ⎥
⎢ 60 ⎥ ⎢3⎥ ⎢ 1.137 ⎥ ⎢ 15 ⎥
⎢
z ≔ 55 ft⎥ b ≔ ⎢ 4 ⎥ ft Kz ≔ _Kz (z) = ⎢ 1.116 ⎥
( ) Af ≔ _Af (z , b) = ⎢ 20 ⎥ ft 2
( )
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
50 5 1.094 50
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 40 ⎥ ⎢5⎥ ⎢ 1.044 ⎥ ⎢ 50 ⎥
⎢ 30 ⎥ ⎢5⎥ ⎢ 0.982 ⎥ ⎢ 50 ⎥
⎢ 20 ⎥ ⎢5⎥ ⎢ 0.902 ⎥ ⎢ 25 ⎥
⎢ 15 ⎥ ⎢5⎥ ⎢ 0.849 ⎥ ⎢ 75 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 46.66 ⎤ ⎡ 0.7 ⎤ ⎡ 970.9 ⎤
⎢ 45.63 ⎥ ⎢ 0.7 ⎥ ⎢ 949.6 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 44.51 ⎥ ⎢ 0.7 ⎥ ⎢ 926.3 ⎥
⎢ 43.28 ⎥ ⎢ 0.7 ⎥ ⎢ 900.6 ⎥
⎢ 41.9 ⎥ ⎢ 0.7 ⎥ ⎢ 435.9 ⎥
qz ≔ _qz ((z)) = ⎢ 41.14 ⎥ psf Cf ≔ _Cf ((b)) = ⎢ 0.7 ⎥ F ≔ _F ⎛⎝qz , Gf , Cf , Af⎞⎠ = ⎢ 570.7 ⎥ lbf
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
40.32 0.672 1342.9
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 38.47 ⎥ ⎢ 0.672 ⎥ ⎢ 1281.3 ⎥
⎢ 36.21 ⎥ ⎢ 0.672 ⎥ ⎢ 1206 ⎥
⎢ 33.25 ⎥ ⎢ 0.672 ⎥ ⎢ 553.7 ⎥
⎢ 31.29 ⎥ ⎢ 0.672 ⎥ ⎢ 1563.4 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Ftot ≔ ∑ F = 10701 lbf

Results in Metric Units:

⎡ 30.48 ⎤ ⎡ 0.914 ⎤ ⎡ 2.787 ⎤ ⎡ 2233.9 ⎤ ⎡ 4319 ⎤
⎢ 27.432 ⎥ ⎢ 0.914 ⎥ ⎢ 2.787 ⎥ ⎢ 2184.9 ⎥ ⎢ 4224 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 24.384 ⎥ ⎢ 0.914 ⎥ ⎢ 2.787 ⎥ ⎢ 2131.4 ⎥ ⎢ 4120 ⎥
⎢ 21.336 ⎥ ⎢ 0.914 ⎥ ⎢ 2.787 ⎥ ⎢ 2072.3 ⎥ ⎢ 4006 ⎥
⎢ 18.288 ⎥ ⎢ 0.914 ⎥ ⎢ 1.394 ⎥ ⎢ 2006.1 ⎥ ⎢ 1939 ⎥
z = 16.764 m b = 1.219 m Af = 1.858 m qz = ⎢ 1969.7 ⎥ Pa
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 2
F = ⎢ 2539 ⎥ N
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
15.24 1.524 4.645 1930.6 5974
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 12.192 ⎥ ⎢ 1.524 ⎥ ⎢ 4.645 ⎥ ⎢ 1842 ⎥ ⎢ 5699 ⎥
⎢ 9.144 ⎥ ⎢ 1.524 ⎥ ⎢ 4.645 ⎥ ⎢ 1733.7 ⎥ ⎢ 5365 ⎥
⎢ 6.096 ⎥ ⎢ 1.524 ⎥ ⎢ 2.323 ⎥ ⎢ 1591.9 ⎥ ⎢ 2463 ⎥
⎢ 4.572 ⎥ ⎢ 1.524 ⎥ ⎢ 6.968 ⎥ ⎢ 1498.3 ⎥ ⎢ 6954 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

Ftot ≔ ∑ F = 47601 N
Approximate Natural Frequency Estimation for Pole of Uniform Cross Section:

h = 100 ft
E = 29300000 psi

I ≔ Ib = 20942.1 in 4
lbm
ma ≔ mb = 159.684 ――
ft

‾‾‾‾ MecaStack produced a more accurate value of

0.56 E⋅I
nfapprox ≔ ―― ⋅ ―― = 1.641 Hz 1.84 Hz, but this estimate is not too bad.
2
h ma