Element 45 - 1538-NOTE 2

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL
DESIGN.
PROJECT TITLE:
PROPOSED OF CONSTRUCTIONOF
WORKSHOP ON BEHALF OF ENERGICOTEL
Ltd
RUBAVU DISTICT
NYUNDO Sector,
OWNER: ENERGICOTEL LTD
DESIGN CODE: BS8110-1997
ROBOT STRUCTURE ANALYSIS PRO.
STRUCTURE DESIGN BUREAU: .CEGRAPHITEC LTD
Contact: Tel: (+250) 788793308
STRUCTURAL DESIGN ENGINEER: Eng. HABIMANA AUGUSTIN

BSc. Civil Eng.
November, 2018
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
I.1. INTRODUCTION
The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being designed
will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they
should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate
durability and resistance to the effects of misuse and fire.
Once the building form and structural arrangement have been finalized the design problem
consists of the following:
1. Idealization of the structure into load bearing frames and elements for analysis and design
2. Estimation of loads
3. Analysis to determine the maximum moments, thrusts and shears for design
4. Design of sections and reinforcement arrangements for slabs, beams, columns, stairs and
footings
5. Production of arrangement and detail drawings and bar schedules
This structural design process has been carried out under use of BS 8110 and EUROCODE
design code of practice.

Especially, computations have been made by use of BS 8110 based spreadsheets and Autodesk
Robot Structural Analysis Software.
DESIGN INFORMATION
TYPE DESCRIPTION
BS 8110 :The structural use of Concrete 1997(British Standard) Relevant Building
Regulations and Design Code
Classes building :Residential building) Intended use of the building
Roof –Imposed :1.5 kN/m2 General loading conditions

-Finishes : 1kN/m2
Floor –Imposed (3 ) and partitions(1)3 kN/m2
Stairs –Imposed : 4 kN/m2
- Finishes : 1 kN/m2
Severe (external) and Mild (internal) Exposure conditions
Reinforced Concrete footing to columns Foundation type
Concrete: grade C 30 (fck=30MPa) (with 20mm Max. aggregates. Material Data

Mix ratio : 350 kg/ m3
Reinforcement :-Characteristic strength ƒy = 460 N/mm2
for stirrups ƒy = 250 N/mm2
Steel Characteristic 275
Self weight of Reinforced concrete = 24kN/ m3 Other relevant information

Self weight of masonry wall = 18kN/ m3
For Dead load : 1.4 Partial safety factor

For Live load : 1.6
Sandy-gravel Subsoil conditions

Allowable bearing pressure =250kN/ m2
I.4. SCOPE
1.1 The numerical values of actions on buildings and civil Engineering works to be
taken into account in the design are applicable to the various types of construction.
1.2 The purpose of the building: This building will be used as a residential house.
1.3 The materials used are Reinforced Concrete structures of framed type, Solid two
way slabs and bricks for walling, and of RC wall for Shear wall elevation, whereas the roof is
made up with metal sheets and truss in steel structure.
1.4 The execution of construction of this building is covered by various code of

designs to the extent that it is necessary to indicate the quality of construction materials and
products which should be used and the standard of workmanship on site needed to be supervised
by qualified and experienced Engineer .Some lab test like compressive strength test for concrete
should be done as seen as the building structure is important.
1.5 The method of design is Limit state design method accordingly to

BS8110-1997; the structural use of Concrete 1992, and the use of Autodesk Robot Structural
Analysis Professional software.
I.5. LOAD COMBINATIONS
I.5.1.The Ultimate State (ULS)
Various combinations of the characteristic values of dead load Gk, imposed load Qk, wind load
Wk and their partial factors of safety must be considered for the loading of the structure.
The partial factors of safety specified by BS 8110 for ultimate limit state in loading combinations
to be considered are as follows;
(1) Dead and imposed load: 1.4Gk+1.6Qk

(2) Dead and wind load: 1.0Gk+1.6Qk
(3) Dead imposed and wind load: 1.2Gk+1.2Qk+1.2Wk
I.5.2.The Serviceability Limit State
A partial factor of safety of ɣf=1.0 is usually applied to all load combinations with the
serviceability limit state.
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2016
Author: @CEGRAPHITECH LTD@ File: @STRUCTURE CALCULATION NOTE@
Address: @PROMISE HOUSE@ Project: @WORKSHOP @
View - Cases: 5 (COMB1)
View - Cases: 5 (COMB1) 1
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 1

View - Cases: 5 (COMB1) 2
View - MY, Cases: 5 (COMB1)
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 2

DESIGN CODES: BS 6399- 1: 1996, BS5950-1: 2000.
1. General introduction
The design consists of designing a roof truss of a building with a span of 12m, spaced at 5m C/C.
The purlins are spaced at 1.00. The building has a rectangular shape 12x 25 m.
The Design is based to BS 5950-1-2000.
2. Design of trusses
2.1 Architectural design
Depth to span ratio should be ranged from 1:14 to 1:10; means height of apex from centre of
span/span should be in range of 1/14 to 1/10 of span.
The roof will be roofed with iron sheet and with a slope of 15o.
2.2 Structural design

2.2.1 Loads calculation
2.2.1.1. Dead loads (B S 648)
a) Dead load—measured on the slope length

-Sheeting and insulation board = 0.25 kN/m2,
-Purlins = 0.1 kN/m2,
-Truss = 0.1 kN/m2,
-Ceiling and services =0.3kN/m2
-Total dead load = 0.75 kN/m2.
2.2.1.2. Live load (B S 6399-3:1988)
(a) Imposed load measured on plan, clause 4.3.1 = 0.6 kN/m2,

Imposed load measured on slope = 0.6 ×17.242 /16.5= 6.3 kN/m2.
The design of roof truss will be done by using SHS members and welded joints. The truss is to
be fabricated in two parts for transport to site.
2.2.1.3. Wind load (CP 3: Chapter V-2: 1972)

Clause 5.1:
The design wind speed Vs should be calculated from
Vs = V*S1*S2*S3
Where V is the basic wind speed (see clause 5.2), and S1, S2, S3 are design wind speed
factors (clause 5.3 to 5.6 inclusive).
2.2.1.3.1 Design wind speed Vs Calculation

(A) Basic wind speed
V=20m/s
(B) Topography factor S1
S1=1.36; clause 5.4 and appendix D
(C) Factor S2
S2=0.99; Clause 5.5 and table 3
(D) Factor S3
S3=1; Clause 5.6
Then
Vs=20*1.36*0.99*1=27m/s
2.2.1.3.2Dynamic pressure of the wind (q) calculation
q  k *VS2
Values of k are as follows for the various units used in your calculation:
k = 0.613 in SI units (N/m2 and m/s)
k = 0.062 5 in metric technical units (kgf/m2 and m/s)
k = 0.002 56 in imperial units (lbf/ft2 and mile/h).
q=0.613*272*10-3kN/m2
=0.45kN/m2
2.2.1.3.3 Pressure p exerted at any point of the surface of building
p=(CPe-CPi) *q clause 4.3 4)

Cpe -pressure coefficients for external surface
Cpi.- pressure coefficients for internal surface
If the value of p is negative this indicates that p is a suction as distinct from a positive pressure.
(A) Pressure coefficients, Clause 7

 Internal pressure coefficient -Cpi
Cpi is taken as the more onerous of the values +0.2 or −0.3.Those values are used where there is
only a negligible probability of a dominant opening occurring during a severe storm. Otherwise
please consult appendix E of CP3.
 External pressure coefficient -Cpe
The external pressure coefficients are shown in Figure below but are calculated from table 8 of
CP3.
(B) Pressure calculation
The maximum one which is 0.45kN/m2 will be used in design.

2.2.2 Roof elements design
2.2.2.1 Loads
 Unfactored load considered are (as calculated above)
Wind load (WL) = 0.45kN/m2
Live load (LL) = 0.63kN/m2
Dead load (DL) = 0.75 kN/m2.
Note: all of them are at slope length
 Load combination
The load combinations are (as per BS 5950-1:2000, clause 2.4.1.2):
COMB1= 1.4DL+1.6LL
COMB2= 1.0DL-1.4WL; if WL is adverse
COMB2=1.4(DL+WL); if WL is beneficial
COMB3= 1.2(DL+LL+WL)
 Properties and specification of materials
 Steel grade S275

 Elastic properties of steel (Clause 3.1.3of BS 5950-1:2000):
1. Modulus of Elasticity E = 205 × 103 N/mm2
2. Poisson’s Ratio ν = 0.3
3. Shear Modulus G = E/[2(1+ν)] = (78.85 × 103 N/mm2)
4. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion α = 12 × 10−6/ oC
2.2.2.2 Purlins analysis and design

2.2.2.2.1 Analysis
Span: 2.5m, continuous
Spacing: 1.15m
 Loads:
Wind load (WL) = 0.45*1.15=0.52kN/m
Live load (LL) = 0.63*1.15=0.73kN/m
Dead load (DL) = 0.75*1.15=0.87 kN/m
 Bending moment diagram and shear force
COMB1:
Summary:
Combination Maximum value of
Moment Shear force
COMB1 1.52 3.59
COMB2 0.09 0.21
COMB3 1.63 3.83
The design loads are from COMB3.
2.2.2.2.2 Design of section

I. Selection of section
Assume the section is class 1 and py is 275N/mm2
M 1.63*106 Nmm
S 
Py 275 N
mm 2
S  5.93cm3
Select a cold formed RHS 50X50X2 with the following properties:
t=2mm
A=3.74cm2
d/t=20
Second moment of area; I=14.1cm2
Radius of gyration; r=1.95cm
Elastic modulus, Z=5.66cm3
Plastic modulus; S=6.66cm3
II. Section classification
References Calculations Output
Table 9 t<16; Then py=275N/mm2

1
 275  2
  1
 p 
 y 
Table 12 Flange: d =20;  =1 and 72  d  72  20  52

t t
As d  26 but  72  d flange is class one.
t t
Table 12 Web: d =20;  =1 and 56  =56
t
As d  56 ; web is class1.
t
The section is class 1
III. Section design

(A) Design for shear force

Fv=3.83kN
clause 4.2.3 Pv  0.6* Py * AV
AV  AD ( D  B)
Where
A-is the area of section
D-is the overall depth
B-is the overall breadth
AV  3.74*100* 40 40  40 =187mm2
PV  0.6* 275 N *187mm2  30855 N
mm2
=31kN
PV>FV The section is adequate in
shear force.
d  70 therefore no need to check shear buckling
Clause 4.2.3. t
(B) Design for bending moment

Fv=0kN
clause 4.2.5.2 0.6Pv=18.6kN > Fv low shear
Clause 4.2.5.1 Mc  1.5*Py*Zx
1.5*Py*Zx=1.5*275*5.66*10-3=2.335kNm
clause 4.2.5.2 Mc=Py*Sxx

clause 4.2.5.2 =275*6.66*10-3=1.8315kNm
Maximum applied moment Mx=1.63kNm < Mc The section is adequate in

bending moment
(C) Serviceability check
Allowable deflection= L/200= 1150/200=5.75mm (table 8)

The deflection of the purlins in the outer span is Δ=2.048 mm < 5.75mm →OK
Conclusion: Purlins are cold formed RHS of 60x50x3 S275
2.2.2.3 Roof truss design

2.2.2.3.1 Analysis
Span: 33m centre to centre of bearings.
Spacing: 2.5m
External wind pressure normal to the roof is: 0.45kN/m2
Vertical component: 0.45cos150=0.44kN/m2
 Load/Node:
Wind load (WL) = 0.44*1.15*2.5=1.3kN
Live load (LL) = 0.63*1.15*2.5=1.82kN
Dead load (DL) = 0.75*1.15*2.5=2.2 kN
 Load arrangement
 Analysis results (factored loads)
Top chord Bottom chord diagonals

Length Length Length
Force Force Force
(mm) (mm) (mm)
Max. Tension (kN)
93.49 4125 182.4 4125 39.61 3998
Max. Compression(kN)
183.4 1150 164.6 947 42.34 3283
2.2.2.3.2 Section design
I. Selection of section
Let’s take a RHS 80x40x3S355 with the following properties:
t=2.5mm
Ag=6.59cm2
d/t=23
Second moment of area; I=49.4cm4
Radius of gyration; r=2.74cm
Elastic modulus, Z=14.1cm3
Plastic modulus; S=16.5cm3
II. Section classification
Table 9 t<16; Then py=355N/mm2

1
 275  2
   0.88
 p 
 y 
Table 12 Flange: b =23;  =0.88 and 35  30.8

t
As d  35 flange is not class 4.
t
Table 12 Web: d =23;  =0.88
t
105 Fc 183.4*1000 N
 35 ; r2    0.66
1  2r2 Ag * Pyw 781mm2 *355 N 2
mm
105 105*0.88
  39.83
1  2r2 1  (2*0.66)
 35
As d/t<39.8; The section is not

Web is not class4. class 4
III. Section design
(D) Design for compression force

Fc=183.4kN
clause 4.7.4 Pc  Ag * Pc
Table 23 strut curve c)

l 1150mm
y  y   42
ry 27.4mm
Table 24-c) pc  296 N then

mm2
Pc  296*659*103 kN  195kN
PC>FC
The section is adequate in
compression.
Conclusion: Trusses are cold formed SHS of 80x40x3S355

View - MY, Cases: 5 (COMB1) 1
C:\Users\AUGUSTIN PC\Documents\Autodesk\Output\RUBAVU\rd_res.rtf
DETAILED ANALYSIS
according to Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-5:2005)
for member no. 289
SECTION PARAMETERS: RHSC 80x40x3

ht=80 mm
bf=40 mm Ay=220 mm2 Az=441 mm2 Ax=661 mm2
tw=3 mm Iy=523000 mm4 Iz=176000 mm4 Ix=439000 mm4
tf=3 mm Wely=13075 mm3 Welz=8800 mm3
TRANSVERSE STIFFENERS
Stiffener positions: 0.00; 2.36 real coordinates
Translation: a = 0.00 m; b = 0.00 m
Stiffener 1 bilateral ts = 3 mm hs = 74 mm
Stiffener 2 bilateral ts = 3 mm hs = 74 mm
CONCENTRATED FORCES
Force positions: 2.36; real coordinates
Force 1 F1 = 0.00 kN ss1 = 0 mm
SHEAR BUCKLING RESISTANCE (EC3 art. 5)

Symbols:
Lam_w - relative web slenderness [5.2.(5)]
kT - local buckling coefficient for shear [A.3.(1)]
Xw - Influence factor for shear resistance (web) [5.3.(1)]
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 3

Xf - Influence factor for shear resistance (flange) [5.4.(1)]

Xv - Instability factor for shear [5.2.(1)]
Mf,Rd - Design resistance of section flanges [5.4.(1)]
VEd - Maximum shear force in a panel [5.2.(1)]
Vb,Rd - Design shear buckling resistance [5.2.(1)]
Panel A Panel coordinates A x = (0.00 ; 1.00)

Point x = 0.00 m
According to paragraph 5.1.(2), it is not necessary to check resistance to local shear buckling.
RESISTANCE OF WEBS TO TRANSVERSE FORCES (EC3 art.5.7)

The beam check has not been performed because the concentrated force applied to web without stiffeners was not detected.
INTERACTION SHEAR/BENDING/AXIAL FORCE (EC3 art. 7.1)

Symbols:
My,Ed - Design bending moment
Mz,Ed - Design bending moment
NEd - Design axial force
VEd - Design shear force
Mf.Rd - Design plastic moment resistance of a section consisting of flanges[7.1.(1)]
My,pl.Rd - Design beam resistance at bending [7.1.(1)]
Vb.Rd - Design shear buckling resistance [5.2.(1)]
Panel A Panel coordinates A x = (0.00 ; 1.00)

Point x = 0.00 m
According to [7.1.(1)] checking of NTM interaction is not necessary (VEd/Vb,Rd < 0.5 );
TRANSVERSE STIFFENER RESISTANCE (EC3 art. 9)

Symbols:
bw - Effective web width [9.1.(2)]
Ast - Stiffener area [9.1.(2)]
Ist - Moment of inertia of stiffener [9.1.(2)]
Sig,cr,c - Critical Euler stress (column model) [9.1.(5)]
Sig,cr,p - Critical Euler stress (plate model) [9.1.(5)]
u - Coefficient for calculations of Ist,min [9.1.(5)]
Sigm - Stress due to lateral actions [9.1.(5)]
Ist,min - Minimum stiffness due to panel actions [9.1.(5)]
Ip - Polar moment of inertia of a stiffener [9.1.(7)]
It - Torsional moment of inertia of a stiffener [9.1.(7)]
Nst,Ed - Stiffener compressive force [9.3.3.(3)]
Mst,Ed - Additional moment due to lateral actions of panels [9.1.(6)]
Lam,st - Non-dimensional slenderness of stiffener due to buckling [9.4.(2)]
Xst - Stiffener buckling coefficient [9.4.(2)]
Nst,b,Rd - Stiffener buckling capacity [9.1.(3)]
eN - Eccentricity of a compressive force acting on unilateral stiffener [9.4.(3)]
Mst,Rd - Stiffener resistance for bending in the plane perpendicular to web [9.4.(3)]
Stiffener 1 Point x = 0.00 m

ATTENTION! According to the (5.63) formulae it is not necessary to check a stiffener subjected to buckling.
Stiffener 2 Point x = 2.36 m

ATTENTION! According to the (5.63) formulae it is not necessary to check a stiffener subjected to buckling.
STABILITY OF COMPRESSIVE FLANGE (EC3 art. 8.1)

Symbols:
k - Factor depending on section class [8.(1)]
Aw - Area of stiffener [8.(1)]
Afc - Area of compressive flange [8.(1)]
k = 0.30 Aw = 222 mm2 Afc = 120 mm2

Check condition: (8.1)
D/tw = 24.67 < k(E/fyf)*[Aw/Afc]^0.5 = 315.66 OK!
Analyzed beam meets the Eurocode 3 requirements

C:\Users\AUGUSTIN PC\Documents\Autodesk\Output\RUBAVU\Beam21.rtf
BEAMS DESIGN
⦁ Name : FOUNDATION
⦁ Reference level : ---
⦁ Maximum cracking : 0.30 (mm)
⦁ Exposure : X0
⦁ Concrete creep coefficient :  = 3.20
⦁ Cement class :N
⦁ Concrete age (loading moment) : 28 (days)
⦁ Concrete age : 50 (years)
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 4

⦁ Concrete age after erecting a structure : 365 (years)

⦁ Structure class : S1
⦁ Fire resistance class : no requirements
⦁ FFB Recommendations 7.4.3(7) : 0.00
2 TYPICAL GROUND BEAM DESIGN Number: 1

2.1 Material properties:
⦁ Concrete : CONCR fck = 20.00 (MPa)

Rectangular stress distribution [3.1.7(3)]
Density : 2501.36 (kG/m3)
Aggregate size : 20.0 (mm)
⦁ Longitudinal reinforcement: : fyk = 500.00 (MPa)
Horizontal branch of the stress-strain diagram
Ductility class : C
⦁ Transversal reinforcement: : fyk = 500.00 (MPa)
Ductility class : C
⦁ Additional reinforcement: : fyk = 500.00 (MPa)
2.2 Geometry:
2.2.1 Span Position L.supp. L R.supp.
(m) (m) (m)
P1 Span 0.30 4.75 0.20
Span length: Lo = 5.00 (m)
Section from 0.00 to 4.75 (m)
200 x 400 (mm)
without left slab
without right slab

(m) (m) (m)
P2 Span 0.20 4.80 0.20
200 x 400 (mm)
without left slab
without right slab

(m) (m) (m)
P3 Span 0.20 4.80 0.20
200 x 400 (mm)
without left slab
without right slab

(m) (m) (m)
P4 Span 0.20 4.80 0.20
200 x 400 (mm)
without left slab
without right slab

(m) (m) (m)
P5 Span 0.20 4.75 0.30
200 x 400 (mm)
without left slab
without right slab
2.3 Calculation options:
⦁ Regulation of combinations : BS-EN 1990:2002 NA:2004

⦁ Calculations according to : BS EN1992-1-1:2004 NA:2005
⦁ Seismic dispositions : No requirements
⦁ Precast beam : no
⦁ Cover : bottom c = 40 (mm)
: side c1= 40 (mm)
: top c2= 40 (mm)
⦁ Cover deviations : Cdev = 10(mm), Cdur = 0(mm)
⦁ Coefficient 2 =0.50 : long-term or cyclic load
⦁ Method of shear calculations : strut inclination
2.4 Calculation results:

2.4.1 Internal forces in ULS
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 5

Span Mt max. Mt min. Ml Mr Ql Qr

(kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN) (kN)
P1 29.70 -0.95 -29.52 -49.18 53.42 -61.76
P2 24.29 -1.19 -47.14 -44.92 58.66 -57.74
P3 25.81 -0.53 -44.77 -44.26 58.31 -58.09
P4 24.32 -1.32 -44.20 -47.81 57.45 -58.95
P5 30.17 -0.95 -49.49 -28.29 62.09 -53.10
-60
[kN*m]
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40 [m]
50
0 5 10 15 20 25
Bending Moment ULS: M Mr Mt Mc
80
[kN]
60
40
20
-20
-40
-60
[m]
-80
0 5 10 15 20 25
Shear Force ULS: V Vr Vc(stirrups) Vc(total)
2.4.2 Internal forces in SLS
Span Mt max. Mt min. Ml Mr Ql Qr

(kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN) (kN)
P1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-60
[kN*m]
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
[m]
50
0 5 10 15 20 25
Bending Moment SLS: M_r Mr_r Mc_r Mc_qp M_qp Mr_qp
2.4.3 Required reinforcement area
Span Span (mm2) Left support (mm2) Right support (mm2)

bottom top bottom top bottom top
P1 214 0 0 212 0 372
P2 173 0 0 354 0 336
P3 184 0 0 334 0 330
P4 173 0 0 330 0 360
P5 217 0 0 374 0 203
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 6

800
[mm2]
600
400
200
200
400
[m]
600
0 5 10 15 20 25
Reinforcement Area for Bending: Abt Abr Abmin Ades Aver_gross
500
[mm2/m]
400
300
200
100
0
100
200
300
400 [m]
500
0 5 10 15 20 25
Reinforcement Area for Shear: Ast Ast_strut Asr AsHang
2.4.4 Deflection and cracking
wt(QP) Total due to quasi-permanent combination

wt(QP)dop Allowable due to quasi-permanent combination
Dwt(QP) Deflection increment from the quasi-permanent load combination after erecting a structure.
Dwt(QP)dop Admissible deflection increment from the quasi-permanent load combination after erecting a structure.
wk - width of perpendicular cracks
Span wt(QP) wt(QP)dop Dwt(QP) Dwt(QP)dop wk

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
P1 0 20 0 10 0.0
P2 0 20 0 10 0.0
P3 0 20 0 10 0.0
P4 0 20 0 10 0.0
P5 0 20 0 10 0.0
2.5 Reinforcement:
2.5.1 P1 : Span from 0.30 to 5.05 (m)
Longitudinal reinforcement:
⦁ bottom ()
2 12 l = 4.32 from 0.07 to 4.39
⦁ assembling (top) ()
2 8 l = 2.60 from 1.10 to 3.70
⦁ support ()
2 12 l = 1.86 from 0.04 to 1.90
2 16 l = 4.66 from 2.82 to 7.48
1 12 l = 1.75 from 0.05 to 0.05
Transversal reinforcement:
⦁ main ()
stirrups 27 6 l = 1.05
e = 1*0.04 + 8*0.14 + 11*0.24 + 7*0.12 (m)
2.5.2 P2 : Span from 5.25 to 10.05 (m)

⦁ bottom ()
2 12 l = 5.57 from 3.81 to 9.38
2 8 l = 2.10 from 6.60 to 8.70
⦁ support ()
2 16 l = 4.66 from 7.82 to 12.48
⦁ main ()
stirrups 27 6 l = 1.05
e = 8*0.12 + 12*0.24 + 7*0.12 (m)
2.5.3 P3 : Span from 10.25 to 15.05 (m)

⦁ bottom ()
2 12 l = 7.70 from 8.80 to 16.50
2 8 l = 2.10 from 11.60 to 13.70
⦁ main ()
stirrups 27 6 l = 1.05
e = 8*0.12 + 12*0.24 + 7*0.12 (m)
2.5.4 P4 : Span from 15.25 to 20.05 (m)

⦁ bottom ()
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 7

2 12 l = 5.57 from 15.92 to 21.49

⦁ support ()
2 16 l = 9.66 from 12.82 to 22.48
⦁ main ()
stirrups 27 6 l = 1.05
e = 8*0.12 + 12*0.24 + 7*0.12 (m)
2.5.5 P5 : Span from 20.25 to 25.00 (m)

⦁ bottom ()
2 12 l = 4.32 from 20.91 to 25.23
2 8 l = 2.60 from 21.60 to 24.20
⦁ support ()
2 12 l = 1.86 from 23.40 to 25.26
1 12 l = 1.75 from 25.25 to 25.25
⦁ main ()
stirrups 27 6 l = 1.05
e = 1*0.11 + 7*0.12 + 11*0.24 + 8*0.14 (m)
3 Material survey:
⦁ Concrete volume = 2.02 (m3)
⦁ Formwork = 25.18 (m2)
⦁ Steel
⦁ Total weight = 157.47 (kG)
⦁ Density = 77.80 (kG/m3)
⦁ Average diameter = 9.1 (mm)
⦁ Survey according to diameters:
Diameter Length Weight

(m) (kG)
6 142.21 31.57
8 18.83 7.43
12 65.88 58.51
16 37.98 59.96
C:\Users\AUGUSTIN PC\Documents\Autodesk\Output\RUBAVU\Column46.rtf
COLUMNS DESIGN
⦁ Name :
⦁ Reference level : 0.00 (m)
⦁ Concrete creep coefficient : p = 3.16
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 8

⦁ Cement class :N
⦁ Environment class : X0
2 TYPICAL COLUMN C1 DESIGN Number: 1


Unit weight : 2501.36 (kG/m3)
⦁ Longitudinal reinforcement: :R fyk = 250.00 (MPa)
Ductility class :C
⦁ Transversal reinforcement: :R fyk = 250.00 (MPa)
2.2 Geometry:
2.2.1 Rectangular 300 x 300 (mm)
2.2.2 Height: L = 3.45 (m)
2.2.3 Slab thickness = 0.00 (m)
2.2.4 Beam height = 0.30 (m)
2.2.5 Cover = 40 (mm)

⦁ Precast column : no
⦁ Pre-design : no
⦁ Slenderness taken into account : yes
⦁ Compression : with bending
⦁ Ties : to slab
⦁ Fire resistance class : No requirements
2.4 Loads:
Case Nature Group f N My(s) My(i) Mz(s) Mz(i)

(kN) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)
COMB1 design(Structural) 46 1.00 213.13 6.40 -0.45 0.66 -0.20
f - load factor
2.5 Reinforcement:
Main bars (R):
⦁ 4 16 l = 3.41 (m)
⦁ 4 16 l = 3.41 (m)
Dowel bars (R):

⦁ 4 16 l = 1.28 (m)
Transversal reinforcement: (R):

stirrups: 26 6 l = 1.06 (m)
18 8 l = 0.96 (m)
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 9

3 Column: Column33 Number: 1


⦁ Longitudinal reinforcement: :T fyk = 460.00 (MPa)
Ductility class :A
⦁ Transversal reinforcement: :T fyk = 460.00 (MPa)
3.2 Geometry:
3.2.2 Height: L = 3.45 (m)
3.2.4 Beam height = 0.30 (m)
3.2.5 Cover = 40 (mm)

⦁ Pre-design : no
⦁ Ties : to slab
3.4 Loads:

COMB1 design(Structural) 33 1.00 411.12 -0.07 0.17 -2.20 -79.85
f - load factor

Safety factors Rd/Ed = 1.82 > 1.0
3.5.1 ULS/ALS Analysis
Design combination: COMB1 (B)

Combination type: ULS
Internal forces:
Nsd = 411.12 (kN) Msdy = 0.17 (kN*m) Msdz = -79.85 (kN*m)
Design forces:
Lower node
N = 411.12 (kN) N*etotz = 8.22 (kN*m) N*etoty= -83.45 (kN*m)
Eccentricity: ez (My/N) ey (Mz/N)

Static eEd: 0 (mm) -194 (mm)
Imperfection ei: 0 (mm) 9 (mm)
Initial e0: 0 (mm) -185 (mm)
Minimal emin: 20 (mm) 20 (mm)
Total etot: 20 (mm) -203 (mm)
3.5.1.1. Detailed analysis-Direction Y:
3.5.1.1.1 Slenderness analysis

Non-sway structure
L (m) Lo (m)  lim

3.50 3.50 60.62 24.92 Slender column
3.5.1.1.2 Buckling analysis

M2 = 0.17 (kN*m) M1 = -0.07 (kN*m)
Case: Cross-section at the column end (Lower node), Slenderness not taken into account
M0 = 0.17 (kN*m)
ea = 0 (mm)
Ma = N*ea = 0.00 (kN*m)
MEdmin = 8.22 (kN*m)
M0Ed = max(MEdmin,M0 + Ma) = 8.22 (kN*m)
3.5.1.2. Detailed analysis-Direction Z:

M2 = -2.20 (kN*m) M1 = -79.85 (kN*m)
Case: Cross-section at the column end (Lower node), Slenderness not taken into account
M0 = -79.85 (kN*m)
ea = *lo/2 = 9 (mm)
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 10

 = h * m = 0.01
 = 0.01
h = 1.00
m = (0,5(1+1/m))^0.5 = 1.00
m = 1.00
Ma = N*ea = 3.60 (kN*m)
M0Ed = max(MEdmin,M0 + Ma) = -83.45 (kN*m)
3.5.2 Reinforcement:
Real (provided) area Asr = 3267 (mm2)

Ratio: = 4.08 %
3.6 Reinforcement:
Main bars (T):
⦁ 4 20 l = 3.41 (m)
⦁ 6 16 l = 4.13 (m)
Transversal reinforcement: (T):

stirrups: 21 8 l = 0.96 (m)
4 Material survey:
⦁ Formwork = 7.56 (m2)
⦁ Steel T
⦁ Reinforcement survey:

(m) (kG)
6 27.60 6.13
8 30.96 12.22
16 18.76 29.62
⦁ Steel T
⦁ Density = 210.29 (kG/m3)

(m) (kG)
6 25.62 5.69
8 20.09 7.93
16 41.39 65.34
20 13.64 33.65
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 11

C:\Users\AUGUSTIN PC\Documents\Autodesk\Output\RUBAVU\Foundation2.rtf
1 TYPICAL COLUMN BASE F1 Number: 1

1.1 Basic data
1.1.1 Assumptions
⦁ Geotechnic calculations according to : BS 8004

⦁ Concrete calculations according to : BS EN1992-1-1:2004 NA:2005
⦁ Shape selection : without limits
1.1.2 Geometry:
A = 1.50 (m) a = 0.30 (m)

B = 1.50 (m) b = 0.30 (m)
h1 = 0.25 (m) ex = 0.00 (m)
h2 = 0.20 (m) ey = 0.00 (m)
h4 = 0.05 (m)
a' = 300 (mm)

b' = 300 (mm)
cnom1 = 60 (mm)
cnom2 = 60 (mm)
Cover deviations: Cdev = 10(mm), Cdur = 0(mm)
1.1.3 Materials
⦁ Concrete : CONCR; Characteristic strength = 20.00 MPa

Unit weight = 2501.36 (kG/m3)
⦁ Longitudinal reinforcement : type T Characteristic strength = 460.00 MPa
Ductility class: A
⦁ Transversal reinforcement : type T Characteristic strength = 460.00 MPa
⦁ Additional reinforcement: : type T Characteristic strength = 460.00 MPa
1.1.4 Loads:
Foundation loads:
Case Nature Group N Fx Fy Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m)
COMB1 design ---- 213.13 1.96 0.25 -0.20 0.45
Backfill loads:
Case Nature Q1
(kN/m2)
1.1.5 Combination list

1/ ULS : COMB1 N=213.13 Mx=-0.20 My=0.45 Fx=1.96 Fy=0.25
2/* ULS : COMB1 N=213.13 Mx=-0.20 My=0.45 Fx=1.96 Fy=0.25
1.2 Geotechnical design

1.2.1 Assumptions
Foundation design for:

• Capacity
• Rotation
1.2.2 Soil:
Soil level: N1 = 0.00 (m)

Column pier level: Na = 0.00 (m)
Minimum reference level: Nf = -0.50 (m)
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 12

well graded gravels

• Soil level: 0.00 (m)
• Unit weight:2243.38 (kG/m3)
• Unit weight of solid: 2702.25 (kG/m3)
• Internal friction angle: 42.0 (Deg)
• Cohesion: 0.00 (MPa)
1.2.3 Limit states
1.3 RC design
1.3.1 Assumptions
⦁ Exposure : X0
1.3.2 Analysis of punching and shear
Punching
Design combination ULS : COMB1 N=213.13 Mx=-0.20 My=0.45 Fx=1.96 Fy=0.25

Load factors: 1.35 * Foundation weight
1.35 * Soil weight
Design load:
Nr = 245.19 (kN) Mx = -0.31 (kN*m) My = 1.33 (kN*m)
Length of critical circumference: 2.78 (m)
Punching force: 157.28 (kN)
Section effective height heff = 0.18 (m)
Reinforcement ratio:  = 0.16 %
Shear stress: 0.32 (MPa)
Admissible shear stress: 0.63 (MPa)
Safety factor: 1.973 > 1
1.3.3 Required reinforcement

Spread footing:
bottom:
ULS : COMB1 N=213.13 Mx=-0.20 My=0.45 Fx=1.96 Fy=0.25

My = 30.10 (kN*m) Asx = 287 (mm2/m)
ULS : COMB1 N=213.13 Mx=-0.20 My=0.45 Fx=1.96 Fy=0.25

Mx = 29.69 (kN*m) Asy = 283 (mm2/m)
As min = 234 (mm2/m)
top:
A'sx = 0 (mm2/m)
A'sy = 0 (mm2/m)
As min = 0 (mm2/m)
Column pier:
Longitudinal reinforcement A = 180 (mm2) A min. = 180 (mm2)
A = 2 * (Asx + Asy)
Asx = 34 (mm2) Asy = 56 (mm2)
1.3.4 Provided reinforcement
Spread footing:
Bottom:
Along X axis:
6 T 12 l = 1.57 (m) e = 1*-0.62 + 5*0.25
10 T 12 l = 1.38 (m) e = 1*-0.68 + 9*0.15
Along Y axis:
6 T 12 l = 1.57 (m) e = 1*-0.62 + 5*0.25
10 T 12 l = 1.38 (m) e = 1*-0.68 + 9*0.15
Pier
Longitudinal reinforcement
Along Y axis:
4 T 12 l = 0.39 (m) e = 1*-0.07 + 1*0.14
Transversal reinforcement
3 T 12 l = 0.83 (m) e = 1*0.20 + 2*0.09
Dowels
4 T 12 l = 0.97 (m) e = 1*-0.10 + 1*0.21
8 T6 l = 0.96 (m) e = 1*-0.08 + 1*0.00 + 2*0.08 + 1*0.00
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 13

2 TYPICAL COLUMN BASE F1 Number: 1

2.1 Basic data
2.1.1 Assumptions
⦁ Geotechnic calculations according to : BS 8004

⦁ Concrete calculations according to : BS EN1992-1-1:2004 NA:2005
⦁ Shape selection : without limits
2.1.2 Geometry:
A = 1.50 (m) a = 0.20 (m)

B = 1.80 (m) b = 0.40 (m)
h1 = 0.35 (m) ex = 0.00 (m)
h2 = 0.10 (m) ey = 0.00 (m)
h4 = 0.05 (m)
a' = 200 (mm)

b' = 400 (mm)
cnom1 = 60 (mm)
cnom2 = 60 (mm)
Cover deviations: Cdev = 10(mm), Cdur = 0(mm)
2.1.3 Materials
⦁ Concrete : CONCR; Characteristic strength = 20.00 MPa

Unit weight = 2501.36 (kG/m3)
⦁ Longitudinal reinforcement : type T Characteristic strength = 460.00 MPa
Ductility class: A
⦁ Transversal reinforcement : type T Characteristic strength = 460.00 MPa
⦁ Additional reinforcement: : type T Characteristic strength = 460.00 MPa
2.1.4 Loads:
Foundation loads:
Case Nature Group N Fx Fy Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m)
COMB1 design ---- 411.12 -0.07 22.19 -79.85 -0.17
Backfill loads:
Case Nature Q1
(kN/m2)
2.1.5 Combination list
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 14

1/ ULS : COMB1 N=411.12 Mx=-79.85 My=-0.17 Fx=-0.07 Fy=22.19

2/* ULS : COMB1 N=411.12 Mx=-79.85 My=-0.17 Fx=-0.07 Fy=22.19
2.2 Geotechnical design

2.2.1 Assumptions
Foundation design for:

• Capacity
• Rotation
2.2.2 Soil:
Soil level: N1 = 0.00 (m)

Column pier level: Na = 0.00 (m)
Minimum reference level: Nf = -0.50 (m)
well graded gravels

• Soil level: 0.00 (m)
• Unit weight:2243.38 (kG/m3)
• Unit weight of solid: 2702.25 (kG/m3)
• Internal friction angle: 42.0 (Deg)
• Cohesion: 0.00 (MPa)
2.2.3 Limit states
2.3 RC design
2.3.1 Assumptions
⦁ Exposure : X0
2.3.2 Analysis of punching and shear
Punching
Design combination ULS : COMB1 N=411.12 Mx=-79.85 My=-0.17 Fx=-0.07 Fy=22.19

Load factors: 1.35 * Foundation weight
1.35 * Soil weight
Design load:
Nr = 450.46 (kN) Mx = -89.84 (kN*m) My = -0.20 (kN*m)
Length of critical circumference: 2.61 (m)
Punching force: 334.28 (kN)
Section effective height heff = 0.28 (m)
Reinforcement ratio:  = 0.17 %
Shear stress: 0.76 (MPa)
Admissible shear stress: 0.98 (MPa)
Safety factor: 1.299 > 1
2.3.3 Required reinforcement
Spread footing:
bottom:
ULS : COMB1 N=411.12 Mx=-79.85 My=-0.17 Fx=-0.07 Fy=22.19

My = 63.46 (kN*m) Asx = 364 (mm2/m)
ULS : COMB1 N=411.12 Mx=-79.85 My=-0.17 Fx=-0.07 Fy=22.19

Mx = 100.49 (kN*m) Asy = 623 (mm2/m)
As min = 364 (mm2/m)
top:
A'sx = 0 (mm2/m)
A'sy = 0 (mm2/m)
As min = 0 (mm2/m)
Column pier:
Longitudinal reinforcement A = 1063 (mm2) A min. = 160 (mm2)
A = 2 * (Asx + Asy)
Asx = 70 (mm2) Asy = 462 (mm2)
2.3.4 Provided reinforcement
Spread footing:
Bottom:
Along X axis:
14 T 12 l = 1.51 (m) e = 1*-0.78 + 13*0.12
Along Y axis:
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 15

12 T 12 l = 1.90 (m) e = 1*-0.65 + 11*0.12
Pier
Along X axis:
8 T 12 l = 0.39 (m) e = 1*-0.01 + 3*0.01
Along Y axis:
4 T 12 l = 0.39 (m) e = 1*-0.12 + 1*0.24
Transversal reinforcement
3 T 12 l = 0.83 (m) e = 1*0.20 + 2*0.09
Dowels
10 T 12 l = 0.97 (m) e = 1*-0.15 + 1*0.01 + 1*0.15 + 1*0.14 + 1*0.01
3 Material survey:
⦁ Steel T
⦁ Survey according to diameters:

(m) (kG)
8 21.09 8.32
10 22.84 14.09
12 71.31 63.33
C:\Users\AUGUSTIN PC\Documents\Autodesk\Output\RUBAVU\Column62.rtf
COLUMN AT FIRST FLOOR
1 Level:
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 16

⦁ Name : Column Chain 46-62

⦁ Reference level : 3.50 (m)
⦁ Concrete creep coefficient : p = 3.16
⦁ Cement class :N
⦁ Environment class : X0


Ductility class :C
2.2 Geometry:
2.2.2 Height: L = 3.50 (m)
2.2.4 Beam height = 0.30 (m)
2.2.5 Cover = 40 (mm)

⦁ Pre-design : no
⦁ Ties : to slab
2.4 Loads:

f - load factor

Design combination: COMB1 (C)

Internal forces:
Nsd = 107.41 (kN) Msdy = -1.19 (kN*m) Msdz = -0.90 (kN*m)
Design forces:
Cross-section in the middle of the column
N = 107.41 (kN) N*etotz = -3.12 (kN*m) N*etoty= -2.15 (kN*m)

Static eEd: -11 (mm) -8 (mm)
Initial e0: -2 (mm) -8 (mm)
Total etot: -29 (mm) -20 (mm)

Non-sway structure

3.50 3.50 40.41 32.38 Slender column

M2 = 1.00 (kN*m) M1 = -2.66 (kN*m) Mmid = -1.19 (kN*m)
Case: Cross-section in the middle of the column, Slenderness taken into account
M0e = 0.6*M02+0.4*M01 = -1.19 (kN*m)
M0emin = 0.4*M02
M0 = max(M0e, M0emin)
ea = *lo/2 = 9 (mm)
 = h * m = 0.01
 = 0.01
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 17

h = 1.00
m = (0,5(1+1/m))^0.5 = 1.00
m = 1.00
Method based on nominal stiffness
  
1  
  N B / N   1 = 1.46
 = 1.23
Nb = (^2 * EJ)/ lo^2 = 393.05 (kN)
EJ = Kc*Ecd*Jc+Ks*Es*Js = 487.85 (kN*m2)
ef = 3.16
Jc = 675000000 (mm4)
Js = 1930999 (mm4)
Kc = 0.01 ()
Ks = 1.00 ()
    
M Ed  max M Ed min ; 1   M 0 Ed 
   N B / N   1  =-3.12 (kN*m)

Case: Cross-section in the middle of the column, Slenderness not taken into account
M0e = 0.6*M02+0.4*M01 = -0.90 (kN*m)
M0emin = 0.4*M02
ea = 0 (mm)
Ma = N*ea = 0.00 (kN*m)

Ratio: = 0.22 %
2.6 Reinforcement:
Main bars ():
⦁ 6 16 l = 3.46 (m)
Transversal reinforcement: ():

stirrups: 26 6 l = 1.06 (m)

Ductility class :C
3.2 Geometry:
3.2.2 Height: L = 3.50 (m)
3.2.4 Beam height = 0.30 (m)
3.2.5 Cover = 40 (mm)

⦁ Pre-design : no
⦁ Ties : to slab
3.4 Loads:

f - load factor
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 18


Design combination: COMB1 (C)

Internal forces:
Nsd = 107.41 (kN) Msdy = -1.19 (kN*m) Msdz = -0.90 (kN*m)
Design forces:
Cross-section in the middle of the column
N = 107.41 (kN) N*etotz = -3.12 (kN*m) N*etoty= -2.15 (kN*m)

Static eEd: -11 (mm) -8 (mm)
Initial e0: -2 (mm) -8 (mm)
Total etot: -29 (mm) -20 (mm)

Non-sway structure

3.50 3.50 40.41 32.38 Slender column

Case: Cross-section in the middle of the column, Slenderness taken into account
M0e = 0.6*M02+0.4*M01 = -1.19 (kN*m)
M0emin = 0.4*M02
ea = *lo/2 = 9 (mm)
 = h * m = 0.01
 = 0.01
h = 1.00
m = (0,5(1+1/m))^0.5 = 1.00
m = 1.00
Method based on nominal stiffness
  
1  
  N B / N   1 = 1.46
 = 1.23
Nb = (^2 * EJ)/ lo^2 = 393.05 (kN)
EJ = Kc*Ecd*Jc+Ks*Es*Js = 487.85 (kN*m2)
ef = 3.16
Jc = 675000000 (mm4)
Js = 1930999 (mm4)
Kc = 0.01 ()
Ks = 1.00 ()
    
M Ed  max M Ed min ; 1   M 0 Ed 
   N B / N   1  =-3.12 (kN*m)

Case: Cross-section in the middle of the column, Slenderness not taken into account
M0e = 0.6*M02+0.4*M01 = -0.90 (kN*m)
M0emin = 0.4*M02
ea = 0 (mm)
Ma = N*ea = 0.00 (kN*m)

Ratio: = 0.22 %
3.6 Reinforcement:
Main bars ():
⦁ 8 16 l = 3.46 (m)
Transversal reinforcement: ():

stirrups: 26 6 l = 1.06 (m)
4 Material survey:
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 19


⦁ Steel

(m) (kG)
6 55.19 12.25
8 27.68 10.93
Date : 26/11/18 Page : 20

Element 45 - 1538-NOTE 2

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REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL

OWNER: ENERGICOTEL LTD

DESIGN CODE: BS8110-1997

ROBOT STRUCTURE ANALYSIS PRO.

STRUCTURE DESIGN BUREAU: .CEGRAPHITEC LTD

Contact: Tel: (+250) 788793308

STRUCTURAL DESIGN ENGINEER: Eng. HABIMANA AUGUSTIN

5. Production of arrangement and detail drawings and bar schedules

design code of practice.

Classes building :Residential building) Intended use of the building

Roof –Imposed :1.5 kN/m2 General loading conditions

Reinforced Concrete footing to columns Foundation type

Concrete: grade C 30 (fck=30MPa) (with 20mm Max. aggregates. Material Data

Self weight of Reinforced concrete = 24kN/ m3 Other relevant information

For Dead load : 1.4 Partial safety factor

Sandy-gravel Subsoil conditions

1.4 The execution of construction of this building is covered by various code of

1.5 The method of design is Limit state design method accordingly to

I.5. LOAD COMBINATIONS

I.5.1.The Ultimate State (ULS)

(1) Dead and imposed load: 1.4Gk+1.6Qk

I.5.2.The Serviceability Limit State

View - Cases: 5 (COMB1)

View - Cases: 5 (COMB1) 1

Date : 26/11/18 Page : 1

View - Cases: 5 (COMB1) 2

View - MY, Cases: 5 (COMB1)

Date : 26/11/18 Page : 2

2.2 Structural design

2.2.1.1. Dead loads (B S 648)

a) Dead load—measured on the slope length

2.2.1.2. Live load (B S 6399-3:1988)

(a) Imposed load measured on plan, clause 4.3.1 = 0.6 kN/m2,

2.2.1.3. Wind load (CP 3: Chapter V-2: 1972)

2.2.1.3.1 Design wind speed Vs Calculation

2.2.1.3.2Dynamic pressure of the wind (q) calculation

p=(CPe-CPi) *q clause 4.3 4)

(A) Pressure coefficients, Clause 7

 External pressure coefficient -Cpe

(B) Pressure calculation

The maximum one which is 0.45kN/m2 will be used in design.

 Properties and specification of materials

 Steel grade S275

2.2.2.2 Purlins analysis and design

The design loads are from COMB3.

2.2.2.2.2 Design of section

References Calculations Output

Table 9 t<16; Then py=275N/mm2

Table 12 Flange: d =20;  =1 and 72  d  72  20  52

III. Section design

References Calculations Output

(B) Design for bending moment

References Calculations Output

clause 4.2.5.2 Mc=Py*Sxx

Maximum applied moment Mx=1.63kNm < Mc The section is adequate in

(C) Serviceability check

Allowable deflection= L/200= 1150/200=5.75mm (table 8)

2.2.2.3 Roof truss design