Review Material in Grade 5 Mathematics

I. Adding Fractions and Mixed Numbers Without and with Regrouping

• Fraction – A numerical quantity that is not a whole number

o Numerator, tells the number of equal parts taken.
o Denominator, tells the total number of equal parts in a whole or collection.
• To add similar fractions there are three simple steps:
o Step 1: make sure the bottom number (denominator) are the same.
o Step 2: Add the top numbers (numerator),put that answer over the denominator.
o Step 3: simplify your fractions as needed.
1 1 1+1 2 2 1
• Example: 4 + 4 = =4÷2=2
4
• To add dissimilar fraction there are three simple steps:
o Step 1: Find the Least Common Denominator of the fractions (finding the LCM of
the denominators) using listing method or prime factorization or any appropriate
method.
o Step 2: Divide the LCD by the denominator then multiply the result to the
numerator.
o Step 3: Add the numerators first then copy the denominator. Express final answer
in simplest form.
• Example:
2 3
o + 15 = 𝑛
12
▪ Find the LCD
12= 12,24,36,48,60
15=15,30,45,60
2 10
o = 60
12
o Divide the LCD by the denominator – 60 ÷ 12 = 5
o Multiply the answer to the numerator – 5 x 2 = 10
3 12
o = 60
15
o Divide the LCD by the denominator – 60 ÷ 15 = 4
o Multiply the answer to the numerator – 4 x 3 = 12
10 12 10+12 22 2 11
o + 60 = = 60 ÷ 2 = 30
60 60

II. Subtracting Fractions and Mixed Numbers Without and with Regrouping

• Fraction – A numerical quantity that is not a whole number

o Numerator, tells the number of equal parts taken.
o Denominator, tells the total number of equal parts in a whole or collection.
• To subtract similar fractions there are three simple steps:
 o Step 1: make sure the bottom number (denominator) are the same.
o Step 2: Subtract the top numbers (numerator),put that answer over the
denominator.
o Step 3: simplify your fractions as needed.
3 1 3−1 2 2 1
• Example: 4 − 4 = =4÷2=2
4
• To subtract dissimilar fraction there are three simple steps:
o Step 1: Find the Least Common Denominator of the fractions (finding the LCM of
the denominators) using listing method or prime factorization or any appropriate
method.
o Step 2: Divide the LCD by the denominator then multiply the result to the
numerator.
o Step 3: Subtract the numerators first then copy the denominator. Express final
answer in simplest form.
• Example:
9 2
o −9=𝑛
12
▪ Find the LCD
12= 12,24,36
9= 9,18,27,36
9 27
o = 36
12
o Divide the LCD by the denominator – 36 ÷ 12 = 3
o Multiply the answer to the numerator – 3 x 9 = 27
2 8
o = 36
9
o Divide the LCD by the denominator – 36 ÷ 9 = 4
o Multiply the answer to the numerator – 4 x 2 = 8
27 8 27−8 19
o − 36 = = 36
36 36

III. Multiplying Fractions and whole numbers

• There are 3 simple steps to multiply fractions

o Multiply the top numbers (the numerators)
o Multiply the bottom numbers (the denominators)
o Simplify the fraction if needed.
• Examples:
2 7 2𝑥7 14 2 7 1
o 𝑥 = 3𝑥4 = 12 ÷ 2 = 6 𝑜𝑟 1 6
3 4
• Cancellation Method

o
IV. Dividing fractions by fractions
1
• Reciprocal- also known as multiplicative inverse, is the inverse of a number x. denoted as 𝑥.
2 3
o Example: 3 = 2
• There are 3 simple steps to divide fractions:
o Turn the second fractions (the divisor) upside down (reciprocal)
o Multiply the first fraction by that reciprocal.
o Simplify the fraction (if needed).
• Examples:
3 1
o ÷ 8 =?
4
3 8 18 4
𝑥 = ÷ =𝟔
4 1 4 4

V. Dividing fraction by whole numbers

• There are 4 simple steps to divide fractions:

o Make a whole number into a fraction by adding 1 in denominator.
o Turn the second fractions (the divisor) upside down (reciprocal)
o Multiply the first fraction by that reciprocal.
o Simplify the fraction (if needed).
• Examples:
1
o 6 ÷ 4 =?
6 1 6 4 24
÷ = 𝑥 = = 𝟐𝟒
1 4 1 1 1

VI. Reading and Writing Decimal Numbers

• A decimal number is used to represent a part of a whole.

• The dot in the decimal number that separates the whole number part from the fractional
part or decimal part is called a decimal point.
• To read a decimal number.
o Read the digits to the left of the decimal point as a whole number.
o Read the decimal point as “and” then
o Decimal point as a whole number followed by the value of the rightmost digit.

Decimal Part
Whole Number
Hundred Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Ten Thousandths
 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001

0 .

0 . 5 0

0 . 2 5

• Write each number in word form and give the value of the underlined digit.
o 42.625
▪ Word Form: forty-two and six hundred twenty-five thousandths
▪ Place Value: Tenths
▪ Value: 0.6
• Write each number in standard form
o Two and six thousandths
▪ Standard form: 2.006

VII. Comparing and Ordering Decimal Numbers

• Comparing
o Compare 93.75 and 93.65
▪ 93.75 > 93.65
o Compare 10.25 and 10.24
▪ 10.25 > 10.24
• Ordering
o Arrange in ascending order: 1.522, 1.545, 1.518, 1.504
▪ 1.504, 1.518, 1.522, 1.545
o Arrange in descending order: 91.812, 91.814, 91.820, 91.818
▪ 91.820, 91.818, 91.814, 91.812