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Rilantono, Lily L. 5 Rahasia Penyakit Kardiovaskular (PKV) - Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia 2012. p.279-287

Myocardial infarction (MI) is when heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen from blocked coronary arteries. It causes chest pain and is characterized as a spectrum that includes unstable angina. Diagnosis involves clinical history, electrocardiogram, and cardiac biomarker assessment. Biomarkers like troponin, CK-MB, and myoglobin are released within the first few hours and are important for early diagnosis of acute ischemia to guide prompt treatment and reduce mortality.

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175 views1 page

Rilantono, Lily L. 5 Rahasia Penyakit Kardiovaskular (PKV) - Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia 2012. p.279-287

Myocardial infarction (MI) is when heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen from blocked coronary arteries. It causes chest pain and is characterized as a spectrum that includes unstable angina. Diagnosis involves clinical history, electrocardiogram, and cardiac biomarker assessment. Biomarkers like troponin, CK-MB, and myoglobin are released within the first few hours and are important for early diagnosis of acute ischemia to guide prompt treatment and reduce mortality.

Uploaded by

Tegar Dharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a term which is used for

defining the necrosis in the heart muscle due to the lack


of the oxygen need of myocardium which cannot be
supplied by the coronaries. It is characterized by chest
pains or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder,
arm, back, neck or jaw [1,2]. Acute myocardial infarction
(AMI) is considered more appropriately part of a
spectrum referred to as acute coronary syndromes, which
also includes unstable angina and non-ST-elevation. urs after symptom onset are myoglobin, H-FABP and
Patients with ischemic discomfort may or may not have CK-MB
ST-segment elevation. Most of those with ST-segment
elevation will develop Q waves. Those without ST
elevations will ultimately be diagnosed with unstable
angina based on the presence of cardiac enzymes.
Approximately 90% of myocardial infarction results
Rilantono, Lily l. 5 Rahasia Penyakit
from an acute thrombus that obstructs an atherosclerotic
coronary artery [3]. The highest risk of fatality occurs Kardiovaskular (PKV). Jakarta: Badan
within the initial hours of onset of AMI. Thus, early Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
diagnosis of cardiac ischemia is critical for the effective Indonesia; 2012. p.279-287.
management of patients with AMI. Improper diagnosis of
patients with chest pain often leads to inappropriate
admission of patients without AMI and vice versa. In
addition to clinical history, physical examination, (Kemenkes.RI, 2016)Kemenkes.RI (2016)
accurate electrocardiogram findings and assessment of
cardiac biomarkers have an important role in the early
616.98 Ind p, Journal of Chemical
diagnosis of acute ischemia. The analysis of cardiac Information and Modeling.
biomarkers has become the frontline diagnostic tools for
AMI, and has greatly enabled the clinicians in the rapid Suryanti, E. (2010) ‘Perbedaan Rerata
diagnosis and prompt treatment planning, thereby Kadar Kolesterol Antara Penderita Angina
reducing the mortality rate to a great extent [4]. There are Pektoris Tidak Stabil, Infark Miokard
some cardiac markers that can be used in the diagnosis of
Tanpa St- Elevasi, Dan Infark Miokard
myocardial infarction among them include, aspartate
transaminase, alanine transaminase, troponin I, creatine Dengan St-Elevasi Pada Serangan Akut,
kinase, etc. Creatine kinase (isoenzymes CK-MB) is the Skripsi’, Fk Universitas Muhammadiyah
enzyme used as a definitive serum marker for the Surakarta.
diagnosis or exclusion of acute myocardial infarction
[2,5]. Lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and their (Suryanti, 2010)
isoenzymes exhibited better cardiac specificity. After the
discovery that cardiac troponins I and T have the desired
specificity, they have replaced the cytosolic enzymes in
the role of diagnosing myocardial ischemia and
infarction. The use of the troponins provided new

≥140mm Hg dan tekanan darah diastolik


≥90mm Hg.

knowledge that led to revision and redefinition of


ischemic myocardial injury as well as the introduction of
biochemicals for estimation of the probability of future
ischemic myocardial events. These markers, known as
cardiac risk markers, evolved from the diagnostic
markers such as CK-MB or troponins, but markers of
inflammation also belong to these groups of diagnostic
chemicals [6]. The markers that are well suited for the
early diagnosis of AMI within the time interval 0-6 ho

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