Daraga Community College (DcomC)

Daraga, Albay

Research about Figures of Speech and Parts of

Speech

Submitted by:
Carla Mae L. Valdez
BEED III BLOCK 6

Submitted to:
Salve R. Keh Ed.D

September 19, 2020

 FIGURES OF SPEECH
A figure of speech is a word or phrase using figurative language—language that has other
meaning than its normal definition. In other words, figures of speeches rely on implied or
suggested meaning, rather than a dictionary definition.  We express and develop them through
hundreds of different rhetorical techniques, from specific types like metaphors and similes, to
more general forms like sarcasm and slang.
Figures of speech make up a huge portion of the English language, making it more
creative, more expressive, and just more interesting! Many have been around for hundreds of
years—some even thousands—and more are added to our language essentially every day. This
article will focus on a few key forms of figures of speech, but remember, the types are nearly
endless!

TYPES OF FIGURE OF SPEECH

A. Metaphor
Many common figures of speech are metaphors. That is, they use words in a manner other than
their literal meaning. However, metaphors use figurative language to make comparisons between
unrelated things or ideas. The “peak of her career,” for example, is a metaphor, since a career is
not a literal mountain with a peak, but the metaphor represents the idea of arriving at the highest
point of one’s career.
B. Idiom
An idiom is a common phrase with a figurative meaning. Idioms are different from other figures
of speech in that their figurative meanings are mostly known within a particular language,
culture, or group of people. In fact, the English language alone has about 25,000 idioms. Some
examples include “it’s raining cats and dogs” when it is raining hard, or “break a leg” when
wishing someone good luck.

1] Simile
 A simile is a figure of speech that uses comparison. In a simile, we use two specific
words “like” and “as” to compare two unlikely things, that actually have nothing in
common. This is done to bring out the dramatic nature of the prose and invoke vivid
images and comparisons. It is one of the most common forms of a figure of speech
and is used in everything from day-to-day talk to poems.
 Let us see some examples of simile. “She is as brave as a lion”. Here you will notice
a girl and her bravery are being compared to a lion. this is an unusual and illogical
comparison, but it brings out the vivid imagery and lyrical quality in the sentence.
The literal sentence would have read “She is brave”, but using the simile makes it
sound much better. Other such examples can be
 quite like a mouse
 as tall as a mountain
 as strong as an ox
 precious like an angel
2] Metaphor
 A metaphor and a simile are quite similar actually. A metaphor also uses compares
to things that are in no way similar. It does so to bring out the symbolism. A
metaphor is a word or phrase used to show its similarity to another thing. It helps to
explain an idea, but if you take a metaphor at its literal meaning it will sound absurd.
 An example of a metaphor is “Alex is a chicken”. Literally, this sounds so very
absurd. But this is a metaphor which suggests that Alex is a coward, or frightened. It
compares or implies that Alex is a chicken to bring out the symbolism. Some other
examples are ‘love is a battlefield”, “all the world’s a stage”, “that technology is a
dinosaur” etc.
 While a simile and metaphor seem to be very similar, there is one basic difference
between the two. In a simile, the comparison happens with the help of the words
“as” and “like”. A metaphor will not have either of those two words.
3] Personification
 Another very interesting figure of speech is personification. In this, we personify or
represent a non-human entity as human. We give an inanimate object or an
intangible idea of some human qualities such as emotions, or gestures or even
speech. this is done to portray the object as alive and help the listener or reader paint
a vivid picture. Again, if we take the words at their literal meaning they will sound
absurd.
 “The wind howled as the storm grew stronger”. Here we have taken an object, the
wind, and personified it as a living thing by claiming it howled. Other such examples
could be, “time ran away from him”, “the boat danced in the puddle”, “the car died
in the middle of the road” etc.

4] Hyperbole
 Hyperbole in the Greek language translates to ‘excess’. And that is what it does, it
exaggerates. We use hyperboles to emphasize the importance or overstate
something. This exaggerates claims and statements are never meant to be taken at
their literal meaning. They are used to create a strong and lasting impression
 An example would be “Since he has been away from home he has gotten  as thin as
a toothpick“. Obviously, he has not gotten as thin as a toothpick, we only exaggerate
to emphasize on how thin he has become. Some other examples are, “Those shoes
cost a king’s ransom”, “For the millionth time, clean the kitchen”, “his grandfather is
older than the hills”.

5] Onomatopoeia 
 This is a figure of speech where words or phrases indicate sounds. Often to bring
about more imagery and better describe a setting, authors use words to involve all
five of our senses. Onomatopeia refers to those words that imitate the sounds of an
object or person.

 For example “The bees buzzed around in the garden”. Here the word ‘buzzed’ is
indicating the sound coming from the bees. Some other examples are “the leaves
were rustling”, “the door was squeaking”, “he closed the book with a thud” etc.
 PARTS OF SPEECH

What are parts of speech?

They are eight categories of words defined in terms of their purpose, place, meaning, and use
within sentences. The categories are: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions,
conjunctions, and interjections.
 EXAMPLES OF EIGHT (8) PARTS OF SPEECH
Nouns
Nouns name a person, place, thing idea, or quality. They can act as the subject or object of a
sentence.
 Baking is my favorite activity.
 Florida has nice weather in the winter
 The whole troop of Girl Scouts is here.
 She does a lot of hiking in the summer.
 Brazil is beautiful this time of year.

Pronouns
Pronouns take the place of nouns to simplify speech and writing. They can otherwise
function in the same way as nouns, serving as subjects and objects in sentences.
 I will be there.
 The bag is yours.
 Anybody can do this.
 These are for you.
 She is the smartest kid in class.

Verbs
Verbs express action or a state of being. It is because of the former that verbs are often
called "action verbs," but non-action verbs can be used to represent a state of being, need,
sense, or preference.
 My grandma grows roses.
 Janine lives in Minneapolis.
 Let's walk to the park.
 The air conditioning unit desperately needs repair.

Adjectives
Adjectives modify or describe a noun. These words ascribe an attribute to the noun being
modified.
 The sleepy bear hibernated all winter.
 It's a long drive, but it's worth the trip.
 Should I buy the blue jeans or purple sweater?
 Chinese food is my favorite.
 This leather couch is easy to clean
Adverbs
Adverbs modify or describe a verb, adjective, or another adverb or word group. This
modification provides information relating to time, place, manner, cause, degree, or
circumstance.
 Joe grumpily got out of bed.
 Sara ran very quickly to school.
 Cautiously we approaced the accident.
 The rabbit magically appeared.
 I am extremely disappointed in you.

Prepositions
Prepositions are used to indicate relationships, often spatial, between nouns and
pronouns. They indicate how one noun, noun phrase, or pronoun relates to another.
 Between you and me, I wouldn't trust Andy.
 The coffee shop is across the street.
 Put the carrots in the refrigerator, please.
 Against all odds, she won.
 Wait until the traffic clears

Conjunctions
Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, and clauses. They coordinate the words
together so they make sense as a cohesive thought, sentence, or paragraph.
 You'll need to study all night if you want to pass tomorrow's test.
 Go to the store and buy some milk.
 Kristopher doesn't have enough experience. Therefore, we will not hire him.
 I can’t go unless you take me
 She didn’t arrive yet.

Interjections
Interjections are words used as exclamations to show feelings. They're usually abrupt,
interrupting the speech for emotional effect.
 Bah, who cares what they think anyway?
 If Cody asked me out on a date, gosh, that'd make my day.
 I spilled the coffee everywhere. Oops!
 Whoa, just hang on a minute.
 Yuck! This tastes awful.