Republic of the Philippines

Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Teaching Mathematics and Science has become a major issue in different

countries and regions. The Science and Mathematics education has deteriorated in

many places including Philippines. This is according to a report released by the

University of Philippines.

STEM (Science, Technology, engineering and Mathematics) education includes

a range of different experiences that involve some degree of connection. STEM

education integrate understanding of Science, Math skills, and the available technology

with the ability to perform engineering design process. Mathematics and Science

deemed fit to be a vehicle to bring STEM education, because both of these subjects is

the main subject and became the foundation for students to enter careers in the

disciplines of STEM. Students could have low performances because they are not

productive having the subject on what is the designated period of time in a day or what

period of time might be perfect in taking the science and math subject.

In order to analyze these claims, more empirical studies to determine the impact

of the preferred time on students in learning mathematics and science must be

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

conducted. This is why researchers wanted to find out when the students are most

interested in learning Science and Mathematics if it is either in afternoon or in morning

period.

To find the correct explanation, this study aims to determine the impact of the

preferred time on students in learning Mathematics and Science. Also, this research

wanted to find out when the students are most interested in learning Science and Math

if it is either in afternoon or in morning period.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Statement of the Problem

This study is conducted to determine the impact of time on students’ academic

performance in learning Science and Mathematics.

Specifically, this study was conceptualize to give elucidation to the following

questions:

1) What is the time schedule of the Grade 11 classes on the following subjects:

a) Science; and

b) Mathematics?

2) What are the student’s academic performance on the specified time:

a) Day (7:15 a.m. – 9:15 a.m.); and

b) Afternoon (3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.)?

3) What is the significant relationship between the time of learning on student’s

academic performance?

Hypothesis

Hₒ: Time has no impact on students’ academic performance in learning Science

and Mathematics.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

H1: Time has an impact on students’ academic performance in learning Science

and Mathematics.

Significance of the Study

Science and Mathematics are core subjects of most in demand courses here in

the Philippines. It is also the reason why most schools and students give more focus on

these subjects. However, Science and Mathematics are also the subjects where most of

the students performed poorly in academic strand. Therefore, the researchers came up

with this study to give further evaluation why most of students find Science and

Mathematics difficult, specifically to the time when these subject were best learned –

day time or afternoon time.

The result of the study will also be significant to the following:

Students. In this, students were able to know when the best time to learn Science

and Math better. It will help them to enhance their learnings and to actively engage their

selves on these subjects. It will also help them to have a better performance than

before.

Teachers. This study will give an idea to teachers who are majoring these

subjects to when is their students want to learn their subject more productively. It would

be beneficial to them to easily get the attention of their class when discussing.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Schools. This study could give an idea to schools in ways on how to increase the

quality of the performance of their students in Science and Mathematics.

Researchers. The findings of this study could give further knowledge to

researchers and could also answer their curiosity and interest about the time when

students are more interested in learning Science and Math in school.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the time period when students are most likely to

learn Science and Mathematics as their subjects. For the generalization of time, first

period in the morning and the last period in the afternoon will be utilize as are

comparative variables. Furthermore, this study will evaluate the Grade 11 students of

KNCHS- SHS as the respondents of this study that are taught under with the same

teacher. The gathering of data is center only to answer the problems given by the

researchers. This study is bound only to find out the significant relationship of the

variables. The researchers will use preferred time on studying Science and

Mathematics and the academic performance of the students as the variables of this

study. The materials and the respondents to be use in this study are bound only within

the vicinity of Koronadal City, South Cotabato. This study is expected to be finish until

October 2018.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter reviews the related literature, presents definition of terms, identifies

the variables, as well as, defines each them operationally that are suggestive in the

study.

Science

Science is a systematic and logical approach to discovering how things in the

universe work. It is also the body of knowledge accumulated through the discoveries

about all the things in the universe (Bradford, 2017). This statement would like to imply

that science is everywhere; by doing observations and researches towards the

existence of something, it deals with the means of science. Science explains our

everyday life such as doing some work that need some following procedures or

methods in doing so, there is this logical thinking in the process which is science-

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

related. Therefore, we cannot deny the fact that everything surrounds us has a

connection to the concept of science.

In addition, the word "science" is derived from the Latin word scientia, which is

knowledge based on demonstrable and reproducible data, according to the Merriam-

Webster Dictionary. True to this definition, science aims for measurable results through

testing and analysis. Science is based on fact, not opinion or preferences. The process

of science is designed to challenge ideas through research. One important aspect of the

scientific process is that it is focuses only on the natural world. Anything that is

considered supernatural does not fit into the definition of science.

According to Erickson (2013), science is curiosity in thoughtful action about the

world and how it behaves. It means that anyone can have an idea about how nature

works. Some people think their idea is correct because "it seems right" or "it makes

sense." But for a scientist, this is not enough. A scientist will test the idea in the real

world. An idea that predicts how the world works is called a hypothesis. If an idea, or

hypothesis, correctly predicts how something will behave, it is now a theory. If an idea

explains all the facts, or evidence, that have found, it is still a theory. "Scientific

method" usually means a series of steps that scientists follow to discover how nature

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

works. Science is the systematic enterprise of gathering knowledge about the universe

and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories.

Carpi (2011) also stated that science consists of two things: a body of knowledge

and the process by which that knowledge is produced. This second component of

science provides us with a way of thinking and knowing about the world. Commonly, we

only see the "body of knowledge" component of science. We are presented with

scientific concepts in statement form – Earth is round, electrons are negatively charged,

our genetic code is contained in our DNA, the universe is 13.7 billion years old – with

little background about the process that led to that knowledge and why we can trust it.

But there are a number of things that distinguish the scientific process and give us

confidence in the knowledge produced through it.

Moreover, a scientific way of thinking is something that anyone can use, at any

time, whether or not they are in the process of developing new knowledge and

explanations. Thinking scientifically involves asking questions that can be answered

analytically by collecting data or creating a model and then testing one's ideas. A

scientific way of thinking inherently includes creativity in approaching explanations while

staying within the confines of the data. Thinking scientifically does not mean rejecting

your culture and background, but recognizing the role that they play in your way of

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

thinking. While testable explanations are a critical component of thinking scientifically,

there are other valid ways of thinking about the world around us that do not always yield

testable explanations. These different ways of thinking are complementary – not in

competition – as they address different aspects of the human experience.

Ideally, teaching the scientific method to students is teaching them how to think,

learn, solve problems and make informed decisions. These skills are integral to every

aspect of a student’s education and life, from school to career (University of Texas

Arlington, 2017).

For further understanding, it stated that science is everywhere. A student rides to

school on a bus, and in that instance alone, there are many examples of technology

based on the scientific method. The school bus is a product of many areas of science

and technology, including mechanical engineering and innovation. The systems of

roads, lights, sidewalks and other infrastructure are carefully designed by civil engineers

and planners. The smartphone in the student’s hand is a miracle of modern computer

engineering. Perhaps even more important than specific examples of science in our

lives are the ways we use scientific thought, method and inquiry to come to our

decisions. This is not necessarily a conscious thing. The human need to solve problems

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

can arise from curiosity or from necessity. The process of inquiry is how we find

answers and substantiate those answers.

Science education is one of the most important subjects in school due to its

relevance to students’ lives and the universally applicable problem-solving and critical

thinking skills it uses and develops. These are lifelong skills that allow students to

generate ideas, weigh decisions intelligently and even understand the evidence behind

public policy-making. Teaching technological literacy, critical thinking and problem-

solving through science education gives students the skills and knowledge they need to

succeed in school and beyond.

Mathematics

Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and

arrangement. Math is all around us, in everything we do. It is the building block for

everything in our daily lives, including mobile devices, architecture (ancient and

modern), art, money, engineering, and even sports (Hom, 2013). Every action people

had done, the concept of Mathematics was being utilize. Math as a branch of science, is

one of the important things that need to be learned by each of everyone. Our lives

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

revolved in Mathematics. Using numbers and its coordination, we used this knowledge

to understand and comprehend more the ideas and matters we deal in life.

Since the beginning of recorded history, mathematic discovery has been at the

forefront of every civilized society, and in use in even the most primitive of cultures. The

needs of math arose based on the wants of society. The more complex a society, the

more complex the mathematical needs. Primitive tribes needed little more than the

ability to count, but also relied on math to calculate the position of the sun and the

physics of hunting.

In connection with this statement is the rationalization of Hewis (2011) that for

more than two thousand years, mathematics has been a part of the human search for

understanding. Mathematical discoveries have come both from the attempt to describe

the natural world and from the desire to arrive at a form of inescapable truth from careful

reasoning. These remain fruitful and important motivations for mathematical thinking,

but in the last century mathematics has been successfully applied to many other

aspects of the human world: voting trends in politics, the dating of ancient artifacts, the

analysis of automobile traffic patterns, and long-term strategies for the sustainable

harvest of deciduous forests, to mention a few. Today, mathematics as a mode of

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

thought and expression is more valuable than ever before. Learning to think in

mathematical terms is an essential part of becoming a liberally educated person.

Also, Moursund (2007) explained that, a discipline (an organized, formal field of

study) such as mathematics tends to be defined by the types of problems it addresses,

the methods it uses to address these problems, and the results it has achieved. One

way to organize this set of information is to divide it into the following; Mathematics as

a human endeavour. For example, consider the math of measurement of time such as

years, seasons, months, weeks, days, and so on. Or, consider the measurement of

distance, and the different systems of distance measurement that developed throughout

the world. Or, think about math in art, dance, and music. There is a rich history of

human development of mathematics and mathematical uses in our modern society.

Next is Mathematics as a discipline. You are familiar with lots of academic disciplines

such as archaeology, biology, chemistry, economics, history, psychology, sociology,

and so on. Mathematics is a broad and deep discipline that is continuing to grow in

breadth and depth. Nowadays, a Ph.D. research dissertation in mathematics is typically

narrowly focused on definitions, theorems, and proofs related to a single problem in a

narrow subfield in mathematics. Lastly, Mathematics as an interdisciplinary language

and tool. Like reading and writing, math is an important component of learning and

"doing" (using one's knowledge) in each academic discipline. Mathematics is such a

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

useful language and tool that it is considered one of the "basics" in our formal

educational system.

Students require knowledge and skills that will help them live a full life in the

society of the 21st century, which is an information age. Knowledge of Mathematics is a

necessity for every individual if they are to contribute towards the prosperity of their

country. Mathematics pervades all aspects of life. It is not possible to live in the modern

world without making some use of mathematics. Many of the developments and

decisions made in industry and commerce, the provision of social and community

services as well as government policy and planning etc., rely to some extent on the use

of mathematics (Education bureau, 2017).

Therefore, Mathematics is valuable to help students develop necessary skills for

lifelong learning. The appropriate use of information technology (IT) in mathematics

learning should be emphasised. High technology items like computers and calculators

have profoundly changed the world of mathematics education. Students need to master

IT to adapt to the dynamically changing environment. With the help of IT tools,

meaningless drilling and obsolete topics are no longer essential and relevant in

mathematics learning. It is important for our students to acquire the foundations of

knowledge and skill, to develop the capabilities for learning how to learn, to think

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

logically, creatively and critically, to develop and use knowledge, to analyse and solve

problems, to access and process information, to make sound judgements and

communicate with others effectively. Students should be enabled to build up confidence

and positive attitudes towards mathematics learning, to value mathematics and to

appreciate the beauty of mathematics.

Time

Time plays a significant role in our lives. If we better understand the time value,

then it can gain experience and develop skills over time (Sandeep, 2018). Some people

say that time is money and that it plays a vital role in our lives. But it is more than that.

Money can be earned again but time runs continuously without stoppage. In spite of this

idea, there are still people who don’t value their time. As a result, they feel pressured

when there is a task given to them.

At its core, time is fairly elusive. We can't see it or sense it -- it just happens.

Human beings have therefore come up with ways to measure time that are totally

arbitrary and also fairly interesting from a historical perspective (Brain, 2000). Back in

history, illusion is what philosophers think of time, a dimension, a smooth-flowing

continuum, and an expression of separation among events that occur in the same

physical location. The fundamental unit of time in the International System of Units (SI)

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

is the second. One second elapses during the occurrence of exactly 9,192,631,770

(9.192631770 x 109) cycles of the radiation produced by the transition between two

levels of the cesium 133 atom. Other common units of time include the hour, the mean

solar day, and the synodic year (sun-based earth year). For centuries, people use

sunrise and sunset to gauge time, but with the development of the clock, attention

began to focus on the hours within a day as well. Time management is later introducing

in the 1950’s to address job related issues. Because of this there’s a lot of books that

has been develop to promote time management

As said by Bhalla (2018) we should respect the time and also understand the

value of time because the time gone is never going to come back in the other hand time

is students limited resource. Therefore, it should be used wisely. Students are

complaining and are becoming frustrated because of they can’t finish their tasks on time

due to insufficient time to perform all their tasks adequately.

In line with this, Kaushar (2013) found that time management plays a vital role in

students’ academic performance. The researcher also argued that lack of time

management skills act as the barrier to better academic performance. Thus, it is

important for the students to know how to manage their time, keeping their selves focus

on issues essential and to give priority to the most important things to be finished up to

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

the least is a must. Proper time management develops effective study habits, critically

analyzing problems and assignments, and knowing the time when they are more

productive.

Though mishandling of time is the reason why students are always late. In

various parts of the world, high schools have begun implementing later start times, a

response to complaints from parents and educators who say teenagers need more

sleep and have trouble getting to class on time. They also feel difficult to cope up in

school especially to their major subjects like math and science. Academic scholars

studied the relationship between time of day and student learning to better understand

the opportune time for teaching core subjects such as science and math or

administering high-stakes standardized tests and is continually looking for ways to boost

student achievement.

Moreover, Sharma (2016) stated that time management is important for students

to do the study with focus. Time management is the students’ key to get high marks.

The characteristics that they acquire during schools’ time and home are the ones that

they will be bringing throughout the future. Time management shapes the mind of an

individual into the direction of discipline. In addition, the good time management like

setting goals, meeting deadlines, using time management aids such us list making,

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

coping with change, making plans, and effectively organizing one’s time has a positive

influence on teenagers’ academic achievement.

Academic Performance

The academic performance is defined by students’ reporting of past semester

CGPA/GPA and their expected GPA for the current semester. The grade point average

or GPA is now used by most of the tertiary institutions as a convenient summary

measure of the academic performance of their students. The total score or grade point

which is attained by distance learners, it is measured using a trimester’s grade point

average (GPA) and an academic year’s cumulative grade point average (CGPA).

People often consider grades first when defining academic performance. This includes

schools, who rank students by their GPA, awarding special designations such as

valedictorian and salutatorian for those who graduate first and second in their class.

Student performance in a case method course may be assessed along a variety of

dimensions including class participation, individual written work on papers and exams,

and group activities such as projects and presentations (Igi, 2018).

Scholarship organizations and universities also start by looking at the grades of a

one student, as do some employers, especially when they are hiring recent graduates.

Grades carry more weight in some industries, especially technical professions such as

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

law, medicine and finance. Other industries place less importance on GPA, particularly

creative professions such as writing or art and occupations such as sales where people

skills are more crucial than technical knowledge. Universities and employers consider

these scores along with other measurements and may forgive a less-than-perfect GPA

for students who perform well on these tests. Some tests, such as the Law School

Admission Test (LSAT) and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), determine if a

student is accepted into graduate school. Law firms and medical facilities also place

great importance on these scores and may eliminate anyone who scores below a

certain number (Williams, 2018).

School systems mostly define cognitive goals that either apply across multiple

subject areas (e.g., critical thinking) or include the acquisition of knowledge and

understanding in a specific intellectual domain (e.g., numeracy, literacy, science,

history). Therefore, academic achievement should be considered to be a multifaceted

construct that comprises different domains of learning. Because the field of academic

achievement is very wide-ranging and covers a broad variety of educational outcomes,

the definition of academic achievement depends on the indicators used to measure it.

Among the many criteria that indicate academic achievement, there are very general

indicators such as procedural and declarative knowledge acquired in an educational

system, more curricular-based criteria such as grades or performance on an

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

educational achievement test, and cumulative indicators of academic achievement such

as educational degrees and certificates (Steinmayr, et al., 2018).

According to Bell (2018) tracking of academic performance fulfills a number of

purposes. Areas of achievement and failure in a student's school career need to be

evaluated in order to foster improvement and make full use of the learning process.

Results provide a framework for talking about how students fare in school and a

constant standard to which all students are held. Performance results also allow

students to be ranked and sorted on a scale that is numerically obvious, minimizing

complaints by holding teachers and schools accountable for the components of every

grade. Academic success is important because it is strongly linked to the positive

outcomes we value. Adults who are academically successful and with high levels of

education are more likely to be employed, have stable employment, have more

employment opportunities than those with less education and earn higher salaries, are

more likely to have health insurance, are less dependent on social assistance, are less

likely to engage in criminal activity, are more active as citizens and charitable volunteers

and are healthier and happier (Regier, 2011)

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Time in learning Science
Students’ academic
and Mathematics 2
performance
(Day or Afternoon)
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Extraneous Variable
o Age of students
o Gender of students
o Academic strand
o Students learning interest

The conceptual framework of the study focuses on the time in learning science

and mathematics as the independent variable and on the students’ academic

performance as the dependent variable. This part explains the relationship of variables

which the independent variable affects the dependent variable. Result of the study

maybe altered by certain extraneous variables which the researchers cannot control.

These are the age, gender, academic strand, and students learning interest.

Definition of Terms

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

For clearer understanding of the study, the following terms were defined as they

used in the study.

Arbitrary – refers to an event that is not planned or chosen for a particular reason.

Cumulative – refers to increasing or becoming better or worse over time through a

series of additions.

Deteriorated – refers to becoming worse at time passes.

Elusive – refers to something that is hard to capture or find.

Mathematics – refers to the science of numbers, quantity, and shapes, and the relation

between them.

Science – refers to the knowledge about or study of the natural world based on facts

learned through experiment and observation.

CHAPTER III

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Since the goal of this study was to determine the relationship of time in learning

Science and Mathematics and the academic performance of the students, the

researchers used a quantitative approach appropriate to this goal. Furthermore, the

researchers chose non-experimental since this study were illimitable to gather the data

needed to find out the specified time for learning Science and Mathematics because the

case is considered the situation that is observed and its occurrence. The data gathered

was achieved through checklists and by using the grades of the students. In order to

assess the academic performances of the students, level of proficiency had been used

to summarize the academic performances of the students. This level of proficiency is

divided to five classifications which are, outstanding, very satisfactory, satisfactory, fairly

satisfactory and did not meet the expectations. The questions were organized to all the

participants.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Locale of the Study

The researchers conducted the study at Koronadal City National Comprehensive

High School Senior High located at Rizal St, Poblacion, Koronadal City, South

Cotabato.

Figure 1. Location Map of the Study. KNCHS. 2018.

Koronadal National Comprehensive High School was established in 1947,

occupying at first a dense cogonal area of 79,000 square meters all the greeneries of

shrubs and shaded trees as its landscape. The late Mr. Martin Dideles supervised the

first teaching staff of the school

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

The first principal to serve the school was Mr. Basilico Baptista. More teachers

were added as enrollment increased. The school started with 184 students in 1974, and

today it is the second home of more than 7,000 students from first to fourth year levels.

KNCHS, a premier secondary institution of learning, stands to build dreams and

aspirations for the search of newer and broader perspective in the field of education and

will continue to strive for better quality education.

Participants of the Study

The target population of this research defined to include the students of

Koronadal Comprehensive High School. The participants were Grade 11 students of the

Senior High School that can provide the data needed of the researchers that were

stated in the problem. These students were chosen based on the criteria given by the

researchers where they must have the subjects Science and Mathematics with specified

time under with the same teachers as asked in problem of the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

First, the researchers asked permission from the principal of Koronadal National

Comprehensive High School. Then the researchers looked for teachers in the same

school and grade level who were handling Science or Mathematics with specified time

discussed in the problem. The researchers asked data from these teachers that were

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

needed to answers the problem given by the researchers. The data gathered were

identified for both Science and Mathematics. After, the data were input in the device

prepared by the researchers for the interpretation and tabulation of the results. The

gathering of data was done the same in Science and Mathematics.

Thereafter, the results and answers were carefully examined, interpreted, and

tabulated by the researchers.

Permission from the School Principal of KNCHS or his

next-in-command

Permission from the Teachers for needed data

Identification of data for Science and Mathematics

Input of Data

Analysis and Interpretation of the Gathered Data

Figure2. Flowchart of the Data Gathering Procedure.KNCHS.2018.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Statistical tool

The researchers used a comparative study which is to compare the given time

periods in learning Science and Mathematics and the students’ academic performance.

Moreover, in selection of the participants the researchers used set criteria with

accordance in the problem statement.

Research Instrument

The instrument that this study used checklists where the needed data for testing

the academic performances of the students were already provided. The draft of the data

was drawn out based on the researchers’ data collection and setting only the objectives

relevant to the study. In the preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the

designing of good data collection instrument were considered. For instance, the levels

of proficiency in both Science and Mathematics were toned down to accommodate the

academic performance of the respondents.

Using a device as for the copy of their grades in specified time were provided to

accommodate to free formatted views related to both subjects. In this way, the

instrument is authorized to obtain valid result from the students. Preference for the use

of subject-completed instrument is premised on several research objectives such as a)

time schedule of the students in Science and Mathematics b) academic performance in

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Science and Mathematics, and c) the significance difference of time in the students’

academic performance. In addition, the instrument was validated by former subject

teachers before it laid on to the study.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presented the analysis and interpretations of data that were used to

answer the questions set forth in the study.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of time on students’

academic performances in learning Science and Mathematics. The analyzation of data

would give an implication to which students are expected to learn better in Science and

Mathematics, either in morning class or in afternoon class.

Table 1 presented the time schedule of Grade 11 classes in Science and

Mathematics.

Table 1. Time Schedule of Grade 11 Classes in Science and Mathematics

Subjects Sections Time Period Subject Teacher

ABM 2-Pacioli 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 Joanna Divedor

Earth and Life a.m.

TVL 1- Bugatti 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 Joanna Divedor
Science
p.m.
ABM 3 - Hamilton 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 Faith Manansala

General Mathematics a.m.

TVL 3 – Aviso 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 Faith Manansala

p.m.

Table 1 shows the class schedule of participants that had been selected by the

researchers which met the criteria set in choosing the desired participants. It was

presented in the table the focused subjects of this study, Earth and Life Science as for

the Science and General Mathematics as for the Mathematics field. Each subject is

divided into two time periods with chosen sections having 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 a.m. as the

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

first period and 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. as the last period that were taught by same

teachers to be more valid in the results. This is also to imply that there is a relationship

between the time period of these sections and to the students’ academic performances.

Moreover, it is more credible to determine if the time really affects the students’

academic performance if both sections were under with the same subject teacher.

Table 2 presented the summary of students’ academic performance in specified

time which been broke down into four tables to represent each subject with morning and

afternoon schedules.

Table 2. Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in Specified Time

Subjects Time Level of Percentage per Total Total

Period Proficiency Sex (%) Number Percentage
(Academic of (%)
performance) Students
Male Female
7:15 Outstanding 71.43 56.41 32 60.30
a.m. to Very Satisfactory 7.14 35.90 15 28.30
9:15
Satisfactory 14.29 7.69 5 9.43
a.m.
Fairly 7.14 0 1 1.89
Satisfactory
Did not meet the 0 0 0 0
expectations
Earth and Life 3:30 Outstanding 2.86 6.67 2 4.00
Science p.m. to Very Satisfactory 48.57 66.67 27 54.00
(Science) 5:30
Satisfactory 14.29 20.00 8 16.00
p.m.
Fairly 31.43 6.67 12 24.00
Satisfactory
Did not meet the 2.86 0 1 2.00
expectations

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

7:15 Outstanding 14.29 19.44 9 18.00

a.m. to Very Satisfactory 50.00 47.22 24 48.00
9:15
Satisfactory 35.71 27.78 15 30.00
a.m.
Fairly 0 5.56 2 4.00
Satisfactory
Did not meet the 0 0 0 0
expectations
General 3:30 Outstanding 0 0 0 0
Mathematics p.m. to Very Satisfactory 12.12 0 4 7.55
(Mathematics 5:30
) Satisfactory 36.36 45.00 21 39.62
p.m.
Fairly 45.45 55.00 26 49.06
Satisfactory
Did not meet the 6.06 0 2 3.77
expectations

Table 3 presented the significant relationship between the time of learning and

students’ academic performances that represent Science and Mathematics with

different results.

Table 3. Significant Relationship Between Time of Learning and Student’s

Academic Performances.

Subjects Pair of t-computed t-value Relationship

variables value

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Science Time and 7.025851433 1.66 There is a

Students’ significant

Academic difference.

performance
Mathematics Time and 9.662572374 1.66 There is a

Student’s significant

academic difference.

performance

Table 3 shows that there is a significant relationship between the time and the

academic performances of students in both Science and Mathematics. It shows that the

t-computed value exceeds the tabular value which means that alternative hypotheses is

accepted. This is to imply that time has an impact on students’ academic performance.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations

for this study.

Summary

Science and Mathematics are foundations of most in demand courses here in the

Philippines. These subjects are focus of most academic strands where students have

also a difficulty in learning which resulted to low academic performances of most

students. Many factors could give implications to this, and one of these is the time

where students are more likely have an interest in learning the subjects. Therefore, this

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

study is conducted to determine the impact of time in learning Science and Mathematics

on students’ academic performance. This study evaluated the time periods of Grade 11

students specifically the first period in the morning and the last period in the afternoon

with questions:

The researchers gathered data through the checklists of students’ academic

performance under with the same teacher that met the time period of this study had set.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the time of learning

Science and Mathematics and the academic performances of the students. The

summary of the academic performances of the students give an implication that

students are more likely to have a high academic performance if the subject is being

taught in the morning.

Findings

There are two classes that were under with the same teacher that been used for

each subjects (Science and Mathematics) to have a comparative analysis between the

academic performances of students with respect of their time on learning. The

researchers obtained the results with accordance to the variables that been used in the

study. The results for learning Science in morning and afternoon classes showed a

significant relationship to the academic performances of the students. The summary of

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

the academic performances of students for learning Science in morning period (7:15

a.m. to 9:15 a.m.) resulted for a high outstanding level of proficiency garnering 60.38 %

of 53 students. In contrast, the summary of the academic performance of students for

learning Science in afternoon period (3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.) resulted for a poor

academic performance with only 4 % of 50 students have an outstanding performance

and one male student that did not meet the expectation level. However, the satisfactory

level of proficiency of this class had reached to 94%. The computed academic

performances of these two classes with specified time in learning Science summarizes

that Grade 11 students are more productive in learning Science in morning period.

On the other hand, the researchers utilized same method as to present the

results for learning Mathematics in morning and afternoon period. The summary of the

results for morning period (7:30 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.) showed that out of 50 students, there

are 48% in the class that reached the very satisfactory level, 30% in the satisfactory

level, 4% meet the fairly satisfactory level, and none of the class did not meet the

expectation. For the afternoon period, results for learning Mathematics showed that out

of 53 students, none of the students met the outstanding level of proficiency, and

47.17% of the students had reached above the satisfactory level. The findings also give

that 52. 83% of the students are below the fairly satisfactory level and 3.77 % of this did

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

not meet the expectation. The summation of these findings implied that for learning

Mathematics, Grade 11 students are more productive in morning period.

In line with these results, the grades of the students were test by means of

statistics and the t-test showed that the alternative hypothesis had been accepted for

this study that there is a significant difference between time of learning Science and

Mathematics and students’ academic performance.

Conclusions

On the basis of the findings of the study, these conclusions are formed:

1. There is a significant relationship between the time of learning Science and

Mathematics and the academic performance of the students.

The alternative hypothesis is accepted because it was not only supported by the fact

that there is a difference between the two recognized variables but also by the outcome

of the t-test that in Science the t-computed value is 7.025851433 which exceed in the

given tabular value of 1.66. The outcome in Mathematics also showed a great

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

difference between the t-computed value of 9.662572374 from the given tabular value

of 1.66.

2. The time of learning Science and Mathematics really had an impact on students’

academic performances.

The data results revealed that the time period of most students in learning Science and

Mathematics had greatly affect their academic performances. Knowingly, teaching

Science and Mathematics in the morning is more efficient for students to have great

academic performance than in the afternoon. Thus, the alternative hypothesis is

accepted.

3. After getting the academic performance of the students, both subjects got high

percentage of students that exceeds from the satisfactory level of proficiency in

the morning class.

Out of 53 students 98.11 % of them reached the satisfactory level of their academic

performance in Science when it was taught in the morning period. While in

Mathematics, out of 50 students 96 % of them reached the satisfactory level of their

academic performance when the subject is being taught in the morning period.

4. There are three identified external factors which had affect the academic

performances of students in each subjects — varying interest of students on the

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

subject being learned, the strand where students were under, the gender, and

the age.

Recommendations

With reference to the conclusions and findings of the study, the following

recommendations are proposed:

1) Have more comparative classes that were under with the same teacher teaching

Science and Mathematics for the strengthening of the results of the study.

2) The researchers must apply the time periods of 7:15 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and 10:00

a.m. to 12:00 n.n. as for morning classes and 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. and 3:30

p.m. to 5:30 as for afternoon period for the gathering of data of students’

academic performances to show more effective impact of time with the

dependent variables.

3) For further development of the study, similar studies which will compromise all

other variables not included in this study be conducted.

REFERENCES

Sandeep, J. (2018). Importance of time. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://www.iaspaper.net/importance-of-time/

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Bhalla, S. (2018). Effect of time management skills on students’ academic

performance. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

http://www.myeducorner.com/author/shruti-bhalla/

Kaushar, F. (2013). Importance of time management. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

vhttps://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/time

Sharma, G. (2016). Value of time. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/time1.htm

Bradford, E. (2017). Live science: What is science? Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.livescience.com/20896-science-scientific-

method.html

Erickson, J. (2013). What is science? Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/whatisscience_01

University of Texas Arlington. (2017). Understanding science: How science really

works. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122science2.html

Hom, R. (2013). Live science: What is mathematics? Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.livescience.com/38936-mathematics.html

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Education Bereau. (2017). Archived: What is mathematics? Retrieved August 18, 2018

from https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/EarlyMath/whatis.html

Hewis, J. (2011). What is mathematics? Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://www.fordham.edu/info/20603/what_is_mathematics

Igi, G. (2018). What is academic performance. Retrieved from:

https://www.global.com/dictionary/academic-performance/42383

Williams, M. (2018). Student performance. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://www.hbs.edu/teaching/case-method/providing-assessment-and-

feedback/Pages/student-performance.aspx

Steinmyar, R. et al. (2018). Student academic performance. Retrieved August 18, 2018

from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/edri/2017/1789084/

Bell, M. (2018). Academic performance. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

http://www.philippinesbasiceducation.us/2013/03/science-and-mathematics-

education-what.html?m=1

Regier, J. (2011). Academic performances. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from

https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/STEM-science-technology-engineering-

and-mathematics

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

APPENDIX A

September 28, 2018

FERNANDO L. NEQUINTO
SHS- Asst. Principal II for Academics
Koronadal National Comprehensive High School
City of Koronadal

Dear Sir Nequinto:

Greetings of Joy and Peace!

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

We are the students from Grade 12- Quantum and we are tasked to conduct a
Quantitative Research as a part of our requirements for the subject Practical research II.
We would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to conduct our study
entitled “Impact of Time on Students’ Academic Performance in Learning Science
and Mathematics” here in the premises of our school, KNCHS.

We are hoping for your positive response.

Respectfully yours,

Michelle A. Hechanova Chrizel S. Samsona Kate Triennah A. Mejia

Noted:
Marisol S. Esponga
Teacher-Practical Research II

Approved:
FERNANDO L. NEQUINTO
SHS- Asst. Principal for Academics
APPENDIX A

September 28, 2018

JOANA S. DIVEDOR
Earth and Life Science -Teacher

Dear Ma’am Divedor:

Greetings of Joy and Peace!

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

We are the students from Grade 12- Quantum and we are tasked to conduct a
Quantitative Research as a part of our requirements for the subject Practical research II.
We would like to ask permission to allow us to gather the data of your students with
accordance to our research study entitled “Impact of Time on Students’ Academic
Performance in Learning Science and Mathematics” here in the premises of our
school, KNCHS.

We are hoping for your positive response.

Respectfully yours,

Michelle A. Hechanova Chrizel S. Samsona Kate Triennah A. Mejia

APPENDIX A

September 28, 2018

FAITH S. MANANSALA
General Mathematics -Teacher

Dear Ma’am Manansala:

Greetings of Joy and Peace!

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

We are the students from Grade 12- Quantum and we are tasked to conduct a
Quantitative Research as a part of our requirements for the subject Practical research II.
We would like to ask permission to allow us to gather the data of your students with
accordance to our research study entitled “Impact of Time on Students’ Academic
Performance in Learning Science and Mathematics” here in the premises of our
school, KNCHS.

We are hoping for your positive response.

Respectfully yours,

Michelle A. Hechanova Chrizel S. Samsona Kate Triennah A. Mejia

APPENDIX B

Table1. Earth and Life Science List of Students’ Grades

Table 1.1. Earth and Life Science List of Students’ Grades of Pacioli
SEX AVERAGE GRADE DESCRIPTION

1 M 77 Fairly Satisfactory
2 M 90 Outstanding
3 M 93 Outstanding
4 M 92 Outstanding
5 M 96 Outstanding
6 M 90 Outstanding
7 M 83 Satisfactory
8 M 93 Outstanding
9 M 92 Outstanding
10 M 91 Outstanding
11 M 89 Very Satisfactory
12 M 84 Satisfactory
13 M 93 Outstanding
14 M 93 Outstanding

2
 Sex AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
GRADE

M 75.00 Fairly Satisfactory

1
M 87.00 Very Satisfactory
2
Republic of the Philippines
M 87.00 Very Satisfactory
3 Region XII
City
4
Schools DivisionVery
M 88.00
ofSatisfactory
Koronadal
Department
M 88.00
of Education
Very Satisfactory
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE
5 HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
M City88.00
of Koronadal
Very Satisfactory
6

15 F 93 OutstandingM 89.00 Very Satisfactory

16 F 89 Very Satisfactory
7
17 F 87 Very Satisfactory
18 F 91 OutstandingM 82.00 Satisfactory
19 F 89 8
Very Satisfactory
20 F 89 Very Satisfactory
M 84.00 Satisfactory
21 F 92 Outstanding
9
22 F 92 Outstanding
23 F 92 OutstandingM 84.00 Satisfactory
24 F 89 1
Very Satisfactory
25 F 90 0
Outstanding
26 F 91 Outstanding
M 85.00 Very Satisfactory
27 F 92 Outstanding
1
28 F 85 1
Very Satisfactory
29 F 90 Outstanding
M 75.00 Fairly Satisfactory
30 F 92 Outstanding
1
31 F 82 2
Satisfactory
32 F 89 Very Satisfactory
M 85.00 Very Satisfactory
33 F 90 Outstanding
1
34 F 89 Very Satisfactory
3
35 F 84 Satisfactory
M 85.00 Very Satisfactory
36 F 91 Outstanding
1
37 F 88 4
Very Satisfactory
38 F 91 Outstanding
M 85.00 Very Satisfactory
39 F 93 Outstanding
1
40 F 94 Outstanding
5
41 F 88 Very Satisfactory
M 86.00 Very Satisfactory
42 F 90 Outstanding
1
43 F 89 Very Satisfactory
6
44 F 87 Very Satisfactory
45 F 91 Outstanding M 86.00 Very Satisfactory
1
46 F 89 Very Satisfactory
7
47 F 92 Outstanding
48 F 84 1
SatisfactoryM 76.00 Fairly Satisfactory
49 F 91 8
Outstanding
50 F 88 M
Very Satisfactory 71.00 Did Not Meet
1
51 F 94 Outstanding Expectations
9
52 F 90 Outstanding
53 F 92 Outstanding M 84.00 Satisfactory
2
Table 1.2. Earth and Life 0
Science List of Students’
M 77.00 Fairly Satisfactory
Grades of Bugatti 2
1

M 76.00 Fairly Satisfactory

2
2
Very
4 87.O
F Satisfactory M 75.00 Fairly Satisfactory
1 O 2
3
4 86.0 Very
F M 78.00 Fairly Satisfactory
2 0 Satisfactory 2
4
4 87.0 Very
F M 75.00 Fairly Satisfactory
3 0 Satisfactory 2
5
4 90.0
F Outstanding 2 M 86.00 Very Satisfactory
4 0
6
4 89.0 Very M 84.00 Satisfactory
F 2
5 0 Satisfactory 7

4 89.0 Very M 86.00 Very Satisfactory

F 2
6 0 Satisfactory 8

4 87.0 Very M 88.00 Very Satisfactory

F 2
7 0 Satisfactory 9
4 84.0 M 87.00 Very Satisfactory
F Satisfactory 3
8 0
0
M 78.00 Fairly Satisfactory
3
1
M 75.00 Fairly Satisfactory
3
2

3 M 86.00 Very Satisfactory

3
M 91.00 Outstanding
3
4 2
F 75.00 Fairly Satisfactory
3
5
F 87.00 Very Satisfactory
3
6
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

4 75.0 Fairly
F
9 0 Satisfactory

77.0 Fairly
50 F
0 Satisfactory

Table2. General Mathematics List of Students’ Grades

Table 2.1. General Mathematics List of Students’ Grades of Hamilton

SEX AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
GRADE

Fairly
1 M 76
Satisfactory
2 M 85 Very Satisfactory
3 M 76 Fairly

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Satisfactory
Did Not Meet
4 M 74
Expectations
5 M 82 Satisfactory
6 M 84 Satisfactory
Fairly
7 M 77
Satisfactory
8 M 87 Very Satisfactory
Fairly
9 M 77
Satisfactory
1
M 86 Very Satisfactory
0
1 Fairly
M 77
1 Satisfactory
1 Fairly
M 76
2 Satisfactory
1
M 84 Satisfactory
3
1 Fairly
M 78
4 Satisfactory
1 Fairly
M 77
5 Satisfactory
1
M 82 Satisfactory
6
1
M 80 Satisfactory
7
1 Fairly
M 77
8 Satisfactory
1
M 80 Satisfactory
9
2 Fairly
M 79
0 Satisfactory
2 Fairly
M 75
1 Satisfactory
2 Fairly
M 76
2 Satisfactory
2
M 82 Satisfactory
3
2
M 81 Satisfactory
4
2
M 82 Satisfactory
5
2 Fairly
M 76
6 Satisfactory
2 Fairly
M 77
7 Satisfactory
2
M 88 Very Satisfactory
8
2 Fairly
M 77
9 Satisfactory
3
M 82 Satisfactory
0
3
M 83 Satisfactory
1
3
M 83 Satisfactory
2
3 Did Not Meet
M 70
3 Expectations
3
F 80 Satisfactory
4
3
F 84 Satisfactory
5
3
F 83 Satisfactory
6
3 Fairly
F 76
7 Satisfactory
3
F 83 Satisfactory
8
3
F 84 Satisfactory
9
4 Fairly
F 76
0 Satisfactory
4 F 79 Fairly

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

1 Satisfactory
4
F 84 Satisfactory
2
4
F 81 Satisfactory
3
4 Fairly
F 75
4 Satisfactory
4 Fairly
F 75
5 Satisfactory
4 Fairly
F 75
6 Satisfactory
4 Fairly
F 77
7 Satisfactory
4 Fairly
F 76
8 Satisfactory
4 Fairly
F 78
9 Satisfactory
5 Fairly
F 75
0 Satisfactory

Table 2.2. General Mathematics List of Students’ Grades of Aviso

Sex AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
GRADE

1 M 77 Fairly Satisfactory
2 M 90 Outstanding
3 M 93 Outstanding
4 M 92 Outstanding
5 M 96 Outstanding
6 M 90 Outstanding
7 M 83 Satisfactory
8 M 93 Outstanding
9 M 92 Outstanding
1
M 91 Outstanding
0
1
M 89 Very Satisfactory
1
1
M 84 Satisfactory
2
1
M 93 Outstanding
3
1
M 93 Outstanding
4
1
F 93 Outstanding
5
1
F 89 Very Satisfactory
6
1
F 87 Very Satisfactory
7
1
F 91 Outstanding
8
1
F 89 Very Satisfactory
9
2
F 89 Very Satisfactory
0
2
F 92 Outstanding
1
2
F 92 Outstanding
2
2
F 92 Outstanding
3
2
F 89 Very Satisfactory
4
2
F 90 Outstanding
5
2 F 91 Outstanding

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

6
2
F 92 Outstanding
7
2
F 85 Very Satisfactory
8
2
F 90 Outstanding
9
3
F 92 Outstanding
0
3
F 82 Satisfactory
1
3
F 89 Very Satisfactory
2
3
F 90 Outstanding
3
3
F 89 Very Satisfactory
4
3
F 84 Satisfactory
5
3
F 91 Outstanding
6
3
F 88 Very Satisfactory
7
3
F 91 Outstanding
8
3
F 93 Outstanding
9
4
F 94 Outstanding
0
4
F 88 Very Satisfactory
1
4
F 90 Outstanding
2
4
F 89 Very Satisfactory
3
4
F 87 Very Satisfactory
4
4
F 91 Outstanding
5
4
F 89 Very Satisfactory
6
4
F 92 Outstanding
7
4
F 84 Satisfactory
8
4
F 91 Outstanding
9
5
F 88 Very Satisfactory
0
5
F 94 Outstanding
1
5
F 90 Outstanding
2
5
F 92 Outstanding
3

APPENDIX C

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and rechecked the

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH entitled “Impact of Time on Students’ Academic

Performance in Learning Science and Mathematics” of Michelle A. Hechanova,

Kate Triennah A. Mejia and Chrizel S. Samsona Senior High School (SHS) students

of KNCHS under the strand of Science, Technology, and Mathematics (STEM), as to its

syntax, semantics and other related requirements.

This certification is granted to meet the requirements for the MANUSCRIPT

FINAL PRINTING.

Issued this 18th day of October 2018 at Koronadal National Comprehensive High

School (KNCHS), Rizal Street, Zone IV, City of Koronadal, Province of South Cotabato.

Margie O. Mejia

Grammarian

APPENDIX D

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and rechecked the

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH entitled “Impact of Time on Students’ Academic

Performance in Learning Science and Mathematics” of Michelle A. Hechanova,

Kate Triennah A. Mejia and Chrizel S. Samsona Senior High School (SHS) students

of KNCHS under the strand of Science, Technology, and Mathematics (STEM), as to its

syntax, semantics and other related requirements.

This certification is granted to meet the requirements for the MANUSCRIPT

FINAL PRINTING.

Issued this 11th day of October 2018 at Koronadal National Comprehensive High

School (KNCHS), Rizal Street, Zone IV, City of Koronadal, Province of South Cotabato.

Leonil Lubaton

Statistician

APPENDIX E

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

COMPUTATION/ FORMULA

Formula for T-test:

X 1−X 2
T computed= ¿¿

Where:

X1 = mean of the average grades for morning period

X2 = mean of the average grades for afternoon period

n1 = Population of students for morning period

n2 = Population of students for afternoon period

s1 = variance for morning period

s2 = variance for afternoon period

APPENDIX F

CURRICULUM VITAE

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Chrizel Samsona
Prk. Kaunlaran, Brgy. Sto. Nino
Koronadal City, South Cotabato

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: October 3, 2000

Place of Birth: Bo.2, Koronadal City
Age: 18 years old
Mother: Maria Hazel Samsona
Father: Norberto Samsona
Siblings: Melanie Samsona
Annie Babe Samsona
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Dialect: Hiligaynon

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

2017-2018 Koronadal National Comprehensive High School (Senior High School)

2012-2018 Koronadal National Comprehensive High School (Junior High School)
2011-2012 Sto. Nino Elementary School

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Michelle Hechanova
Prk. Baldostamona, Brgy Zone IV
Koronadal City,South Cotabato

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: December 31, 1999

Place of Birth: Koronadal City
Age: 18 years old

Mother: Gemma A. Hechanova

Father: Hector M. Hechanova
Siblings: Chary Faith A, Hechanova
Hazel Grace A. Hechanova
Religion: Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Dialect: Hiligaynon

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

2017-2018 Koronadal National Comprehensive High School (Senior High School)

2012-2018 Koronadal National Comprehensive High School (Junior High School)
2011-2012 Mary Land School Inc.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Kate Triennah A. Mejia

Prk. Yellowbell, Brgy. Sta. Cruz
Koronadal City, South Cotabato

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: August 24, 2001

Place of Birth: Davao City
Age: 17 years old
Mother: Iris Mejia
Father: Dahl Ferdinand Mejia
Sibling/s: Jaime Christian Mejia
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Dialect:

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

2017-2018 Koronadal National Comprehensive High School (Senior High School)

2012-2018 Cotabato City National High School Main/ Koronadal National
Comprehensive High School
2011-2012 Don E. Sero Elementary School

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Impact of Time on Students’ Academic Performance in Learning Science and

Mathematics

A Research Presented
To the Faculty of Senior High School
Koronadal National Comprehensive High School

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements for the Practical Research II
(Quantitative Research)

By

Chrizel S. Samsona
Kate Triennah A. Mejia
Michelle A. Hechanova

October 2018

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

The Researchers would like to express the gratitude to the persons behind the fulfilment
of this study. A warm gratefulness to the school principal, Valentin Dignadice for his
approval to continue the case and without him the study might not be made. Also to the
school itself, the Koronadal National Comprehensive High School for being the
sanctuary of knowledge and roof of the researchers.
A deep gratitude is sent to the adviser Marisol Espongja for guiding the researchers and
sustaining the wisdom needed in creating, building, enhancing and improving the study.
A special word was given to Mrs. Joana Divedor and Mrs. Faith Manansala who have
been the source of data of the researchers. A heart felt acknowledgement to the
respondents that have been part and contributed a lot to the success of the study.
To our family, friends and classmates, a great appreciation is expressed for helping and
supporting. For being there in time of difficulties and always there for support. Most of
all, to the most graciously loving Father Almighty God for keeping them safe throughout
the study.

THE RESEARCHERS,
Michelle Hechanova, Kate Mejia, and Chrizel Samsona

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES PAGES
Title page i
Acknowledgment ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Tables vii
List of Appendices viii
List of Figures ix
Abstract x

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Hypothesis 3

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

Significance of the Study 4

Scope Delimitation of the Study 5

CHAPTER II – REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Science 6
Mathematics 10
Time 13
Academic Performance 16
Conceptual Framework 19
Definition of Terms 20
CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY
Research Design 21
Locale of the Study 22
Participants of the Study 23
Data Gathering Procedure 23
Statistical Tool 25
Research Instrument 25
CHAPTER IV – PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Time Schedule of Grade 11 Classes in Science and Mathematics 27
Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in Specified Time 29
Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in Earth and Life 29
Science on 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 a.m.
Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in Earth and Life 30
Science on 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in General 31
Mathematics on 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 a.m.
Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in General 32
Mathematics on 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Significant Relationship Between Time of Learning and 33
Student’s Academic Performances.
CHAPTER V – SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 35
Findings 36
Conclusion 38
Recommendations 39

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

BIBLIOGRAPHY
References 40
APPENDICES
Appendix A 43
Appendix A 44
Appendix A 45
Appendix B 46
Appendix C
Appendix D 58
Appendix E 59
Appendix F 60

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

1 Time Schedule of Grade 11 Classes in 27
Science and Mathematics
2 Summary of Students’ Academic Performance 29
in Specified Time
2.1 Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in 29
Earth and Life Science on 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 a.m.

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

2.2 Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in 30

Earth and Life Science on 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.
2.3 Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in 31
General Mathematics on 7:15 a.m. to 9:15 a.m.
2.4. Summary of Students’ Academic Performance in 32
General Mathematics on 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.
3 Significant Relationship Between Time of Learning 33
and Student’s Academic Performances.

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Permission Letter 44
B List of Students’ Grades in 47
Mathematics and Science
C Critic reader Certification 57
D Statistician Certification 58
E Computation/Formula Used 59
F Curriculum Vitae 60

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

2
 Republic of the Philippines
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
Department of Education
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

1 Location Map of Study KNCHS 2018 22

2 Data Gathering Flow Process 24

ABSTRACT
Science and Mathematics are the core subjects of all in demand courses around the
world. Students can go for engineering, medicine, computer systems, and etc. which
need professionals all the time. However, these subjects were also on the first list were
most of the students had hard time on learning and result them to have low
performances. Therefore, researchers give focus on one of the factors for this matter
which is the time of learning these subjects. This study was conducted to determine the
impact of time in learning Science and Mathematics on students’ academic
performance.
This study presented the relationship between time and academic performances of the
students on learning Science and Mathematics. The researchers used the population of
the whole class in the Grade 11 as the variables that only met the needed data for the
study. The researchers make use of their grades that corresponds to the time period
given in the problem to arrive in the results of the statistical computation.
The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the time of learning
Science and Mathematics and the academic performances of the students. The
summary of the academic performances of the students give an implication that
students are more likely to have high academic performance and are more productive if
Science and Mathematics are taught in the morning period.