Excel functions (by category)

support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/excel-functions-by-category-5f91f4e9-7b42-46d2-9bd1-63f26a86c0eb

Worksheet functions are categorized by their functionality. Click a category to browse its
functions. Or press Ctrl+F to find a function by typing the first few letters or a descriptive
word. To get detailed information about a function, click its name in the first column.

Our 10 most popular functions

Here are the 10 functions that people read about most.

Function Description

SUM Use this function to add the values in cells.

function

IF function Use this function to return one value if a condition is true and another
value if it's false. Here's a video about using the IF function.

LOOKUP Use this function when you need to look in a single row or column and
function find a value from the same position in a second row or column.

VLOOKUP Use this function when you need to find things in a table or a range by
function row. For example, look up an employee's last name by her employee
number, or find her phone number by looking up her last name (just like a
telephone book). Check out this video about using VLOOKUP.

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 Function Description

MATCH Use this function to search for an item in a range of cells, and then return
function the relative position of that item in the range. For example, if the range
A1:A3 contains the values 5, 7, and 38, then the formula
=MATCH(7,A1:A3,0) returns the number 2, because 7 is the second item
in the range.

CHOOSE Use this function to select one of up to 254 values based on the index
function number. For example, if value1 through value7 are the days of the week,
CHOOSE returns one of the days when a number between 1 and 7 is
used as index_num.

DATE Use this function to return the sequential serial number that represents a
function particular date. This function is most useful in situations where the year,
month, and day are supplied by formulas or cell references. For example,
you might have a worksheet that contains dates in a format that Excel
does not recognize, such as YYYYMMDD.

Use the DATEDIF function to calculate the number of days, months, or

years between two dates.

DAYS Use this function to return the number of days between two dates.
function

FIND, FIND and FINDB locate one text string within a second text string. They
FINDB return the number of the starting position of the first text string from the
functions first character of the second text string.

INDEX Use this function to return a value or the reference to a value from within a
function table or range.

Compatibility functions

In Excel 2010 or later, these functions were replaced with new functions that provide
improved accuracy and have names that better reflect their usage. You can still use them
for compatibility with earlier versions of Excel, but if backward compatibility isn't
required, you should start using the new functions instead. For more information about
the new functions, see Statistical functions (reference) and Math and trigonometry
functions (reference) .

If you're using Excel 2007, you'll find these functions in the Statistical or Math & Trig
categories on the Formulas tab.

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Function Description

BETADIST Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

function

BETAINV Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a

function specified beta distribution

BINOMDIST Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability

function

CHIDIST Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

function

CHIINV function Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared
distribution

CHITEST Returns the test for independence

function

CONCATENATE Joins two or more text strings into one string

function

CONFIDENCE Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

function

COVAR function Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired

deviations

CRITBINOM Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial
function distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

EXPONDIST Returns the exponential distribution

function

FDIST function Returns the F probability distribution

FINV function Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

FLOOR function Rounds a number down, toward zero

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Function Description

FORECAST Calculates, or predicts, a future value by using existing values.

function

FTEST function Returns the result of an F-test

GAMMADIST Returns the gamma distribution

function

GAMMAINV Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

function

HYPGEOMDIST Returns the hypergeometric distribution

function

LOGINV function Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution

function

LOGNORMDIST Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

function

MODE function Returns the most common value in a data set

NEGBINOMDIST Returns the negative binomial distribution

function

NORMDIST Returns the normal cumulative distribution

function

NORMINV Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

function

NORMSDIST Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

function

NORMSINV Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

function

PERCENTILE Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

function

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Function Description

PERCENTRANK Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

function

POISSON Returns the Poisson distribution

function

QUARTILE Returns the quartile of a data set

function

RANK function Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

STDEV function Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVP Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

function

TDIST function Returns the Student's t-distribution

TINV function Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

TTEST function Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

VAR function Estimates variance based on a sample

VARP function Calculates variance based on the entire population

WEIBULL Returns the Weibull distribution

function

ZTEST function Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

Cube functions

Function Description

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Function Description

CUBEKPIMEMBER function Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) property and

displays the KPI name in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable
measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly
employee turnover, that is used to monitor an
organization's performance.

CUBEMEMBER function Returns a member or tuple from the cube. Use to

validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY Returns the value of a member property from the cube.

function Use to validate that a member name exists within the
cube and to return the specified property for this
member.

CUBERANKEDMEMBER Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to

function return one or more elements in a set, such as the top
sales performer or the top 10 students.

CUBESET function Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by

sending a set expression to the cube on the server,
which creates the set, and then returns that set to
Microsoft Office Excel.

CUBESETCOUNT function Returns the number of items in a set.

CUBEVALUE function Returns an aggregated value from the cube.

Database functions

Function Description

DAVERAGE Returns the average of selected database entries

function

DCOUNT Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database

function

DCOUNTA Counts nonblank cells in a database

function

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Function Description

DGET function Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified
criteria

DMAX function Returns the maximum value from selected database entries

DMIN function Returns the minimum value from selected database entries

DPRODUCT Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the
function criteria in a database

DSTDEV Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected

function database entries

DSTDEVP Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of

function selected database entries

DSUM function Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that
match the criteria

DVAR function Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database

entries

DVARP Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected

function database entries

Date and time functions

Function Description

DATE function Returns the serial number of a particular date

DATEDIF function Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two
dates. This function is useful in formulas where you need to
calculate an age.

DATEVALUE function Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number

DAY function Converts a serial number to a day of the month

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Function Description

DAYS function Returns the number of days between two dates

DAYS360 function Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a
360-day year

EDATE function Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated
number of months before or after the start date

EOMONTH function Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before
or after a specified number of months

HOUR function Converts a serial number to an hour

ISOWEEKNUM Returns the number of the ISO week number of the year for a
function given date

MINUTE function Converts a serial number to a minute

MONTH function Converts a serial number to a month

NETWORKDAYS Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates

function

NETWORKDAYS.INTL Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates

function using parameters to indicate which and how many days are
weekend days

NOW function Returns the serial number of the current date and time

SECOND function Converts a serial number to a second

TIME function Returns the serial number of a particular time

TIMEVALUE function Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number

TODAY function Returns the serial number of today's date

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Function Description

WEEKDAY function Converts a serial number to a day of the week

WEEKNUM function Converts a serial number to a number representing where the

week falls numerically with a year

WORKDAY function Returns the serial number of the date before or after a
specified number of workdays

WORKDAY.INTL Returns the serial number of the date before or after a

function specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate
which and how many days are weekend days

YEAR function Converts a serial number to a year

YEARFRAC function Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole
days between start_date and end_date

Engineering functions

Function Description

BESSELI function Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)

BESSELJ function Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)

BESSELK function Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)

BESSELY function Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)

BIN2DEC function Converts a binary number to decimal

BIN2HEX function Converts a binary number to hexadecimal

BIN2OCT function Converts a binary number to octal

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Function Description

BITAND function Returns a 'Bitwise And' of two numbers

BITLSHIFT function Returns a value number shifted left by shift_amount bits

BITOR function Returns a bitwise OR of 2 numbers

BITRSHIFT function Returns a value number shifted right by shift_amount bits

BITXOR function Returns a bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two numbers

COMPLEX function Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex

number

CONVERT function Converts a number from one measurement system to another

DEC2BIN function Converts a decimal number to binary

DEC2HEX function Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal

DEC2OCT function Converts a decimal number to octal

DELTA function Tests whether two values are equal

ERF function Returns the error function

ERF.PRECISE Returns the error function

function

ERFC function Returns the complementary error function

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Function Description

ERFC.PRECISE Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x

function and infinity

GESTEP function Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value

HEX2BIN function Converts a hexadecimal number to binary

HEX2DEC function Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal

HEX2OCT function Converts a hexadecimal number to octal

IMABS function Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number

IMAGINARY function Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number

IMARGUMENT Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians

function

IMCONJUGATE Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number

function

IMCOS function Returns the cosine of a complex number

IMCOSH function Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number

IMCOT function Returns the cotangent of a complex number

IMCSC function Returns the cosecant of a complex number

IMCSCH function Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number

IMDIV function Returns the quotient of two complex numbers

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Function Description

IMEXP function Returns the exponential of a complex number

IMLN function Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG10 function Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG2 function Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number

IMPOWER function Returns a complex number raised to an integer power

IMPRODUCT Returns the product of from 2 to 255 complex numbers

function

IMREAL function Returns the real coefficient of a complex number

IMSEC function Returns the secant of a complex number

IMSECH function Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number

IMSIN function Returns the sine of a complex number

IMSINH function Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number

IMSQRT function Returns the square root of a complex number

IMSUB function Returns the difference between two complex numbers

IMSUM function Returns the sum of complex numbers

IMTAN function Returns the tangent of a complex number

OCT2BIN function Converts an octal number to binary

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Function Description

OCT2DEC function Converts an octal number to decimal

OCT2HEX function Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

Financial functions

Function Description

ACCRINT Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
function

ACCRINTM Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at
function maturity

AMORDEGRC Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a

function depreciation coefficient

AMORLINC Returns the depreciation for each accounting period

function

COUPDAYBS Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period
function to the settlement date

COUPDAYS Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the
function settlement date

COUPDAYSNC Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next
function coupon date

COUPNCD Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
function

COUPNUM Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date
function and maturity date

COUPPCD Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
function

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Function Description

CUMIPMT Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods

function

CUMPRINC Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
function

DB function Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using

the fixed-declining balance method

DDB function Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using
the double-declining balance method or some other method that you
specify

DISC function Returns the discount rate for a security

DOLLARDE Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price,

function expressed as a decimal number

DOLLARFR Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar

function price, expressed as a fraction

DURATION Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest

function payments

EFFECT Returns the effective annual interest rate

function

FV function Returns the future value of an investment

FVSCHEDULE Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series
function of compound interest rates

INTRATE Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security

function

IPMT function Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period

IRR function Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

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Function Description

ISPMT function Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment

MDURATION Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an

function assumed par value of $100

MIRR function Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash
flows are financed at different rates

NOMINAL Returns the annual nominal interest rate

function

NPER function Returns the number of periods for an investment

NPV function Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of
periodic cash flows and a discount rate

ODDFPRICE Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first
function period

ODDFYIELD Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period

function

ODDLPRICE Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last
function period

ODDLYIELD Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period

function

PDURATION Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a

function specified value

PMT function Returns the periodic payment for an annuity

PPMT function Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given
period

PRICE function Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic
interest

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Function Description

PRICEDISC Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
function

PRICEMAT Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest
function at maturity

PV function Returns the present value of an investment

RATE function Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity

RECEIVED Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
function

RRI function Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment

SLN function Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SYD function Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a

specified period

TBILLEQ Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill

function

TBILLPRICE Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
function

TBILLYIELD Returns the yield for a Treasury bill

function

VDB function Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period
by using a declining balance method

XIRR function Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is
not necessarily periodic

XNPV function Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not
necessarily periodic

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Function Description

YIELD function Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a
function Treasury bill

YIELDMAT Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
function

Information functions

Function Description

CELL function Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents

of a cell

ERROR.TYPE Returns a number corresponding to an error type

function

INFO function Returns information about the current operating environment

Note: This function is not available in Excel for the web.

ISBLANK function Returns TRUE if the value is blank

ISERR function Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A

ISERROR function Returns TRUE if the value is any error value

ISEVEN function Returns TRUE if the number is even

ISFORMULA Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a

function formula

ISLOGICAL function Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value

ISNA function Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value

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Function Description

ISNONTEXT Returns TRUE if the value is not text

function

ISNUMBER function Returns TRUE if the value is a number

ISODD function Returns TRUE if the number is odd

ISREF function Returns TRUE if the value is a reference

ISTEXT function Returns TRUE if the value is text

N function Returns a value converted to a number

NA function Returns the error value #N/A

SHEET function Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet

SHEETS function Returns the number of sheets in a reference

TYPE function Returns a number indicating the data type of a value

Logical functions

Function Description

AND Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE

function

FALSE Returns the logical value FALSE

function

IF Specifies a logical test to perform

function

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Function Description

IFERROR Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise,

function returns the result of the formula

IFNA Returns the value you specify if the expression resolves to #N/A, otherwise
function returns the result of the expression

IFS Checks whether one or more conditions are met and returns a value that
function corresponds to the first TRUE condition.

NOT Reverses the logic of its argument

function

OR Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE

function

SWITCH Evaluates an expression against a list of values and returns the result
function corresponding to the first matching value. If there is no match, an optional
default value may be returned.

TRUE Returns the logical value TRUE

function

XOR Returns a logical exclusive OR of all arguments

function

Lookup and reference functions

Function Description

ADDRESS Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet

function

AREAS function Returns the number of areas in a reference

CHOOSE Chooses a value from a list of values

function

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Function Description

COLUMN Returns the column number of a reference

function

COLUMNS Returns the number of columns in a reference

function

FILTER function Filters a range of data based on criteria you define

FORMULATEXT Returns the formula at the given reference as text

function

GETPIVOTDATA Returns data stored in a PivotTable report

function

HLOOKUP Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the
function indicated cell

HYPERLINK Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a

function network server, an intranet, or the Internet

INDEX function Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array

INDIRECT Returns a reference indicated by a text value

function

LOOKUP Looks up values in a vector or array

function

MATCH function Looks up values in a reference or array

OFFSET Returns a reference offset from a given reference

function

ROW function Returns the row number of a reference

ROWS function Returns the number of rows in a reference

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Function Description

RTD function Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM
automation

SORT function Sorts the contents of a range or array

SORTBY Sorts the contents of a range or array based on the values in a

function corresponding range or array

TRANSPOSE Returns the transpose of an array

function

UNIQUE Returns a list of unique values in a list or range

function

VLOOKUP Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to
function return the value of a cell

XLOOKUP Searches a range or an array, and returns an item corresponding to

function the first match it finds. If a match doesn't exist, then XLOOKUP can
return the closest (approximate) match.

XMATCH Returns the relative position of an item in an array or range of cells.

function

Math and trigonometry functions

Function Description

ABS function Returns the absolute value of a number

ACOS function Returns the arccosine of a number

ACOSH function Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number

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Function Description

ACOT function Returns the arccotangent of a number

ACOTH function Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number

AGGREGATE Returns an aggregate in a list or database

function

ARABIC function Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number

ASIN function Returns the arcsine of a number

ASINH function Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number

ATAN function Returns the arctangent of a number

ATAN2 function Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates

ATANH function Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number

BASE function Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix
(base)

CEILING function Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple
of significance

CEILING.MATH Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest

function multiple of significance

CEILING.PRECISE Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of

function significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is
rounded up.

COMBIN function Returns the number of combinations for a given number of

objects

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Function Description

COMBINA function Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given
number of items

COS function Returns the cosine of a number

COSH function Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

COT function Returns the cotangent of an angle

COTH function Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number

CSC function Returns the cosecant of an angle

CSCH function Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle

DECIMAL function Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a

decimal number

DEGREES function Converts radians to degrees

EVEN function Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer

EXP function Returns e raised to the power of a given number

FACT function Returns the factorial of a number

FACTDOUBLE Returns the double factorial of a number

function

FLOOR function Rounds a number down, toward zero

FLOOR.MATH Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest

function multiple of significance

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Function Description

FLOOR.PRECISE Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest

function multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the
number is rounded down.

GCD function Returns the greatest common divisor

INT function Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

ISO.CEILING Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to

function the nearest multiple of significance

LCM function Returns the least common multiple

LET function Assigns names to calculation results to allow storing intermediate

calculations, values, or defining names inside a formula

LN function Returns the natural logarithm of a number

LOG function Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base

LOG10 function Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number

MDETERM Returns the matrix determinant of an array

function

MINVERSE Returns the matrix inverse of an array

function

MMULT function Returns the matrix product of two arrays

MOD function Returns the remainder from division

MROUND function Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple

MULTINOMIAL Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers

function

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Function Description

MUNIT function Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension

ODD function Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer

PI function Returns the value of pi

POWER function Returns the result of a number raised to a power

PRODUCT Multiplies its arguments

function

QUOTIENT Returns the integer portion of a division

function

RADIANS function Converts degrees to radians

RAND function Returns a random number between 0 and 1

RANDARRAY Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However,

function you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum
and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or
decimal values.

RANDBETWEEN Returns a random number between the numbers you specify

function

ROMAN function Converts an Arabic numeral to Roman, as text

ROUND function Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

ROUNDDOWN Rounds a number down, toward zero

function

ROUNDUP Rounds a number up, away from zero

function

SEC function Returns the secant of an angle

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Function Description

SECH function Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle

SERIESSUM Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula

function

SEQUENCE Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array, such as 1, 2,

function 3, 4

SIGN function Returns the sign of a number

SIN function Returns the sine of the given angle

SINH function Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number

SQRT function Returns a positive square root

SQRTPI function Returns the square root of (number * pi)

SUBTOTAL Returns a subtotal in a list or database

function

SUM function Adds its arguments

SUMIF function Adds the cells specified by a given criteria

SUMIFS function Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria

SUMPRODUCT Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array

function components

SUMSQ function Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments

SUMX2MY2 Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding

function values in two arrays

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Function Description

SUMX2PY2 Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values

function in two arrays

SUMXMY2 Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding

function values in two arrays

TAN function Returns the tangent of a number

TANH function Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number

TRUNC function Truncates a number to an integer

Statistical functions

Function Description

AVEDEV function Returns the average of the absolute deviations of

data points from their mean

AVERAGE function Returns the average of its arguments

AVERAGEA function Returns the average of its arguments, including

numbers, text, and logical values

AVERAGEIF function Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the

cells in a range that meet a given criteria

AVERAGEIFS function Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells

that meet multiple criteria

BETA.DIST function Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

BETA.INV function Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution

function for a specified beta distribution

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Function Description

BINOM.DIST function Returns the individual term binomial distribution

probability

BINOM.DIST.RANGE function Returns the probability of a trial result using a

binomial distribution

BINOM.INV function Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative
binomial distribution is less than or equal to a
criterion value

CHISQ.DIST function Returns the cumulative beta probability density

function

CHISQ.DIST.RT function Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-

squared distribution

CHISQ.INV function Returns the cumulative beta probability density

function

CHISQ.INV.RT function Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of

the chi-squared distribution

CHISQ.TEST function Returns the test for independence

CONFIDENCE.NORM function Returns the confidence interval for a population

mean

CONFIDENCE.T function Returns the confidence interval for a population

mean, using a Student's t distribution

CORREL function Returns the correlation coefficient between two

data sets

COUNT function Counts how many numbers are in the list of

arguments

COUNTA function Counts how many values are in the list of

arguments

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Function Description

COUNTBLANK function Counts the number of blank cells within a range

COUNTIF function Counts the number of cells within a range that meet
the given criteria

COUNTIFS function Counts the number of cells within a range that meet
multiple criteria

COVARIANCE.P function Returns covariance, the average of the products of

paired deviations

COVARIANCE.S function Returns the sample covariance, the average of the

products deviations for each data point pair in two
data sets

DEVSQ function Returns the sum of squares of deviations

EXPON.DIST function Returns the exponential distribution

F.DIST function Returns the F probability distribution

F.DIST.RT function Returns the F probability distribution

F.INV function Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

F.INV.RT function Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

F.TEST function Returns the result of an F-test

FISHER function Returns the Fisher transformation

FISHERINV function Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation

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Function Description

FORECAST function Returns a value along a linear trend

Note: In Excel 2016, this function is replaced with

FORECAST.LINEAR as part of the new
Forecasting functions, but it's still available for
compatibility with earlier versions.

FORECAST.ETS function Returns a future value based on existing (historical)

values by using the AAA version of the Exponential
Smoothing (ETS) algorithm

FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value

function at the specified target date

FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel

function detects for the specified time series

FORECAST.ETS.STAT function Returns a statistical value as a result of time series

forecasting

FORECAST.LINEAR function Returns a future value based on existing values

FREQUENCY function Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array

GAMMA function Returns the Gamma function value

GAMMA.DIST function Returns the gamma distribution

GAMMA.INV function Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative

distribution

GAMMALN function Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma

function, Γ(x)

GAMMALN.PRECISE function Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma

function, Γ(x)

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Function Description

GAUSS function Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal

cumulative distribution

GEOMEAN function Returns the geometric mean

GROWTH function Returns values along an exponential trend

HARMEAN function Returns the harmonic mean

HYPGEOM.DIST function Returns the hypergeometric distribution

INTERCEPT function Returns the intercept of the linear regression line

KURT function Returns the kurtosis of a data set

LARGE function Returns the k-th largest value in a data set

LINEST function Returns the parameters of a linear trend

LOGEST function Returns the parameters of an exponential trend

LOGNORM.DIST function Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

LOGNORM.INV function Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative

distribution

MAX function Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments

MAXA function Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments,

including numbers, text, and logical values

MAXIFS function Returns the maximum value among cells specified

by a given set of conditions or criteria

MEDIAN function Returns the median of the given numbers

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Function Description

MIN function Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments

MINA function Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments,

including numbers, text, and logical values

MINIFS function Returns the minimum value among cells specified

by a given set of conditions or criteria.

MODE.MULT function Returns a vertical array of the most frequently

occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range
of data

MODE.SNGL function Returns the most common value in a data set

NEGBINOM.DIST function Returns the negative binomial distribution

NORM.DIST function Returns the normal cumulative distribution

NORM.INV function Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative

distribution

NORM.S.DIST function Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORM.S.INV function Returns the inverse of the standard normal

cumulative distribution

PEARSON function Returns the Pearson product moment correlation

coefficient

PERCENTILE.EXC function Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range,

where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive

PERCENTILE.INC function Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

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Function Description

PERCENTRANK.EXC function Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a

percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set

PERCENTRANK.INC function Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data

set

PERMUT function Returns the number of permutations for a given

number of objects

PERMUTATIONA function Returns the number of permutations for a given

number of objects (with repetitions) that can be
selected from the total objects

PHI function Returns the value of the density function for a

standard normal distribution

POISSON.DIST function Returns the Poisson distribution

PROB function Returns the probability that values in a range are

between two limits

QUARTILE.EXC function Returns the quartile of the data set, based on

percentile values from 0..1, exclusive

QUARTILE.INC function Returns the quartile of a data set

RANK.AVG function Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RANK.EQ function Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RSQ function Returns the square of the Pearson product moment

correlation coefficient

SKEW function Returns the skewness of a distribution

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Function Description

SKEW.P function Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a

population: a characterization of the degree of
asymmetry of a distribution around its mean

SLOPE function Returns the slope of the linear regression line

SMALL function Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set

STANDARDIZE function Returns a normalized value

STDEV.P function Calculates standard deviation based on the entire

population

STDEV.S function Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVA function Estimates standard deviation based on a sample,

including numbers, text, and logical values

STDEVPA function Calculates standard deviation based on the entire

population, including numbers, text, and logical
values

STEYX function Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value

for each x in the regression

T.DIST function Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the

Student t-distribution

T.DIST.2T function Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the

Student t-distribution

T.DIST.RT function Returns the Student's t-distribution

T.INV function Returns the t-value of the Student's t-distribution as

a function of the probability and the degrees of
freedom

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Function Description

T.INV.2T function Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

T.TEST function Returns the probability associated with a Student's

t-test

TREND function Returns values along a linear trend

TRIMMEAN function Returns the mean of the interior of a data set

VAR.P function Calculates variance based on the entire population

VAR.S function Estimates variance based on a sample

VARA function Estimates variance based on a sample, including

numbers, text, and logical values

VARPA function Calculates variance based on the entire population,

including numbers, text, and logical values

WEIBULL.DIST function Returns the Weibull distribution

Z.TEST function Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

Text functions

Function Description

ASC function Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within

a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters

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Function Description

ARRAYTOTEXT Returns an array of text values from any specified range

function

BAHTTEXT Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format

function

CHAR function Returns the character specified by the code number

CLEAN function Removes all nonprintable characters from text

CODE function Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string

CONCAT Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, but it doesn't
function provide the delimiter or IgnoreEmpty arguments.

CONCATENATE Joins several text items into one text item

function

DBCS function Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a

character string to full-width (double-byte) characters

DOLLAR Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format

function

EXACT function Checks to see if two text values are identical

FIND, FINDB Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)

functions

FIXED function Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals

LEFT, LEFTB Returns the leftmost characters from a text value

functions

LEN, LENB Returns the number of characters in a text string

functions

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Function Description

LOWER function Converts text to lowercase

MID, MIDB Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at
functions the position you specify

NUMBERVALUE Converts text to number in a locale-independent manner

function

PHONETIC Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string

function

PROPER Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value

function

REPLACE, Replaces characters within text

REPLACEB
functions

REPT function Repeats text a given number of times

RIGHT, RIGHTB Returns the rightmost characters from a text value

functions

SEARCH, Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)

SEARCHB
functions

SUBSTITUTE Substitutes new text for old text in a text string

function

T function Converts its arguments to text

TEXT function Formats a number and converts it to text

TEXTJOIN Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, and includes
function a delimiter you specify between each text value that will be
combined. If the delimiter is an empty text string, this function will
effectively concatenate the ranges.

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 Function Description

TRIM function Removes spaces from text

UNICHAR Returns the Unicode character that is references by the given

function numeric value

UNICODE Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to the first
function character of the text

UPPER function Converts text to uppercase

VALUE function Converts a text argument to a number

VALUETOTEXT Returns text from any specified value

function

User defined functions that are installed with add-ins

If add-ins that you install contain functions, these add-in or automation functions will be
available in the User Defined category in the Insert Function dialog box.

User-defined functions (UDFs) are not available in Excel for the web.

Function Description

CALL function Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource

EUROCONVERT Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a

function euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro
member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary
(triangulation)

REGISTER.ID Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or
function code resource that has been previously registered

Web functions

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Web functions are not available in Excel for the web.

Function Description

ENCODEURL Returns a URL-encoded string

function

FILTERXML function Returns specific data from the XML content by using the
specified XPath

WEBSERVICE Returns data from a web service

function

Version markers indicate the version of Excel a function was introduced. These functions
aren't available in earlier versions.

Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may
differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows
RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.

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Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers
community.

See Also
Excel functions (alphabetical)

Overview of formulas in Excel

How to avoid broken formulas

Detect errors in formulas

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