BSC Agri Engineering Program

B.Sc.
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD
Approved in Syndicate on May 29, 2013

(Faculty of Agri. Engineering & Technology)
Curriculum of B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering
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Pakistan’s economy is primarily an agrarian based as agriculture sector is contributing about 21
% to its GDP, employing 45 % of its work force, and providing livelihood to more than 67 % of
its population, which is residing mostly in the rural areas. But, contribution of this sector of
economy is heavily dependent on adequate supply of irrigation water, state of the art modern as
well as low cost farm equipment and structures and safe environment. At the same time, it is
also needed to provide alternative energy sources and post harvest food preservation
technologies to ensure food security as post harvest losses in fruits and vegetables could reduce
production by 25-40%.
Keeping these issues in view, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad was established in 1963 in collaboration with Colorado State University,
USA. The Faculty is proud of its huge infrastructure, talented academia, well equipped
laboratories, and well developed Engineering software laboratories. Faculty has also been
recognized as a hub for academic professional and industry mechanization development. The
faculty has opened its doors to the public to boost its professional and industrial dialogue through
university industry linkage, outreach programs, internship for students and MOUs with
public/private sectors.
The overall objective of the faculty is to train manpower through teaching and research in the
field of irrigation and drainage, farm power and machinery, structures and environment, textile
technology and food engineering. The faculty is very actively engaged in offering courses at
undergraduate and postgraduate level to produce the skilled manpower specialized in managing
water resources, farm equipment, environment, food and textile engineering and technologies.
The faculty has recently launched new under and post graduate degree programs in Food
Engineering and Water Resources Engineering, respectively to open new horizons in post
harvest food and water resources management.
The specific objectives of the faculty include;
 Equipping the students with technical knowledge and skills required for the design,
operation, maintenance and evaluation of irrigation, power and mechanical systems used
in the industry and on agricultural farms;
 To abreast the students with mathematical, experimental and computational skills for
solving real time on field problems;
 To develop skills in the students required to design, develop and modify indigenous farm
and agro-industrial machines;
 To enhance students’ skills to design, develop and implement water saving irrigation
techniques with special focus on high efficiency irrigation systems;
 To integrate academic learning with practice orientated experience through internship for
career planning;
 To serve as hub between professionals, researchers, industry and farmers.
Vision
The Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology would like to be recognized nationally
and world over as a high seminary of learning pertinent to water and environment management,
farm mechanization, agro-processing, textile, bio-energy systems engineering in the 21st century.
The faculty is serving to bridge the gap between the researchers and farmers. The professionals
(teachers/researchers) aimed to excel imparting education and training pertaining to water
resources management and utilizing the water resources of the country in an efficient manner.
Faculty plans to impart professional education, training and produce skilled manpower at
graduate and postgraduate level in the field of Agricultural Engineering, Water Resources
Engineering and Textile Technology with special focus on resolving issues faced by the farming
community. Faculty plans to improve communication skills of engineers through subject, project
and thesis presentations, seminars and class discussions.
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Faculty professionals are working hard to develop and maintain collaboration with other national
and international institutions associated with Agricultural and Biological Engineering. A close
interaction is being created with different government and private organizations. It is worth
mentioning that most recently various MOUs have been signed with German and Chinese firms
to enhance expertise on alternative energy sources and bio gas generation.
The Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology has actively arranged national and
international conferences and seminars to share knowledge among the professional of various
countries and departments. This activity will be excelled in the future and more national and
international seminars/conferences/workshops will be arranged. Outreach programs will be
conducted for technology transfer to the farmers in collaboration with the private industry for
promoting new technologies developed in the faculty.
The faculty has focused to develop energy center with the partnership of national and
international organizations to formulate means to cop the current and forthcoming energy crises.
Establishment of agro environmental research center to address the reclamation of environmental
pollution from agriculture is also in planning phase. The development of centre of remote
sensing is also a future plan of the faculty in order to use state of the art remote sensing
techniques in agriculture and water resources management.
The up gradation of faculty laboratories to the standards that it can serve as certifying authority
in the fields of material testing, fiber testing, food grading and environment protection is also a
future vision of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology.
Mission
The mission of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology is to strengthen the
academic programs of the university and to cater future needs of the trained manpower in the
area of agricultural engineering specialized in water resources planning and management, farm
machinery, agro processing, food engineering, textile technology and environment management.
The faculty is ready to serve the nation by providing trained manpower to plan and execute the
public and private sectors projects pertaining to environment such as farm waste processing,
water quality management, improved farm structures.
Eligibility Criteria for admission in B.Sc. Agri. Engineering

1. Entrance Test with 50% pass marks
2. FSc.(Pre-Engineering) with 60 percent pass marks
3. Three year Diploma in the relevant fields
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Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology
Revised Scheme of Studies of B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering
Approved in Syndicate on May 29, 2013
First Semester
Course No. Title of the Course Credit Hrs
Major Courses
FMP-301 Metallurgy & Workshop Practices 3(2-1)
ID-301 Fluid Mechanics 3(2-1)
SEE-301 Engineering Drawing & Graphics 2(1-1)
Minor Courses
IS-202 or Islamic Studies or 3(3-0)
SSH-202a Ethics (for foreign student)
AGRON-319 Basic Agriculture for Engineers 3(2-1)
MATH-301 Linear Algebra & Calculus 3(3-0)
PY-301 Applied Physics 3(2-1)
Total Credit hours 20(15-5)
Second Semester
Major Courses
FMP-302 Manufacturing Engineering 3(2-1)
ID-302 Engineering Numerical Analysis 3(2-1)
SEE-302 Engineering Mechanics 3(2-1)
SEE-304 Computer Aided Design 2(1-1)
Minor Courses
ENG-101 English Composition and Comprehension 2(2-0)
AEE-302 Communication & Presentation Skills 3(2-1)
Third Semester
Major Courses
FMP-401 Engineering Thermodynamics 3(2-1)
FMP-403 Agricultural Processing Engineering 3(2-1)
Minor Courses
CHEM-401 Industrial Chemistry 3(2-1)
CS-401 Computer Programming and Applications in Engineering 3(2-1)
MATH-401 Differential Equations, Power Series, Laplace Transform 3(3-0)
RS-401 Sociology for Engineers 2(2-0)
Fourth semester
Major Courses
FMP-402 Instrumentation & Measurements 3(2-1)
FMP-404 Engineering Economics & Management 3(3-0)
ID-402 Fluid Flow Systems 3(2-1)
SEE-402 Mechanics of Materials 3(2-1)
Minor Courses
SSH-102 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)
STAT-402 Statistics and Probability 3(2-1)
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Fifth Semester
Major Courses
ID-501 Open Channel Hydraulics 3(2-1)
ID-503 Engineering Hydrology 3(2-1)
SEE-501 Surveying & Leveling 4(2-2)
SEE-503 Environmental Engineering 3(2-1)
Minor Course
SES-501 Soil Science 3(2-1)
Electives One Course is to be selected
FMP-503 Design of Agricultural Machinery 3(2-1)
FMP-505 Boiler Engineering and Power Plants 3(2-1)
ID-505 Water Management Engineering 3(2-1)
ID-507 Soil Dynamics 3(2-1)
SEE-505 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimation 3(2-1)
SEE-507 Environmental Management System in Industry 3(3-0)
Total Credit hours 19
Sixth Semester
Major Courses
FMP-502 Farm Machinery & Earth Moving Equipment 4(3-1)
FMP-504 Professional Ethics 2(2-0)
ID-502 Soil Mechanics 3(2-1)
ID-504 Soil & Water Conservation Engineering 3(2-1)
SEE-502 Farm Structures & Materials 3(2-1)
FMP-506 Energy Resources and Management 3(2-1)
FMP-508 Farm Machinery Management 3(2-1)
ID-506 Hydraulic Machinery 3(2-1)
ID-508 Ground Water Hydrology 3(2-1)
SEE-504 Water Supply and Sewerage 3(2-1)
SEE-506 Meteorology and Climate Change 3(2-1)
Seventh Semester
Major Courses
FMP-601 Farm Power 3(2-1)
ID-601 Irrigation Engineering 3(2-1)
SEE-601 Landscape Engineering 3(2-1)
AENG-601 Project & Report I 3(0-3)
FMP-603 Post Harvest Engineering 3(2-1)
ID-603 Farm Irrigation Systems 3(2-1)
ID-605 Water Quality Management 3(2-1)
SEE-603 Solid and Wastewater Treatment 3(2-1)
SEE-605 Engineering Materials 3(2-1)
SEE-609 Environmental Impact Assessment 3(3-0)
Eighth Semester
Major Courses
FMP-602 Machine Design 3(3-0)
ID-602 Drainage Engineering 3(2-1)
ID-604 GIS & Remote Sensing 3(2-1)
AENG-602 Project & Report II 3(0-3)
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AE-602 Economics for Engineers 3(3-0)
FMP-604 Industrial Engineering and Management 3(2-1)
FMP-606 Reverse Engineering in Agricultural Engineering 3(2-1)
ID-606 Irrigation Water Management Techniques 3(2-1)
ID-608 Project Planning and Management 3(2-1)
SES-602 Land Reclamation 3(2-1)
SEE-602 Water Quality and Pollution 3(2-1)
SEE-604 Rural Electrification 3(2-1)
Total Credit Hours=137
Note:
1. A supervised internship training to be arranged by the institution after six semester
as the requirement of the degree (Grades: Excellent, Good, Satisfactory)
2. Project and Report will be completed in two semesters i.e, 7th and 8th
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FMP-301 Metallurgy and Workshop Practices 3(2-1)
Production and properties of common engineering materials: Ferrous metals, iron ores,
properties and uses of pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron, steel, standard processes of
manufacturing of Iron and steel, open hearth process, basic oxygen processes, production
of ingots. Composition/properties and uses of plastics, rubber, fibre glass and composite
materials. Alloy steel and Irons: Effect of alloying elements, the AISI/SAE alloy steel and their
identification, corrosion resistant steel, steel for high temperature services, alloy steel.
Non-ferrous metals: Properties and uses of copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, nickel, and lead. Non-
ferrous alloys, copper alloys. Aluminum alloys, zinc base alloys, nickel base alloys. Lead-tin
alloys, iron-carbon equilibrium diagram. Heat treatment: Heat treatment theory and process, heat
treatment of steel, annealing, hardening, tempering, normalizing, surface hardening, quenching,
heat treatment equipment. Welding: Definition, types of welding process, survey of welding
equipment. Arc welding; Current rating,welding materials, arc welding processes,
inspection and testing of welded joints. Gas welding; Welding flames and materials, cutting of
metals, gas welding processes. Foundry: Definition, importance, advantages and disadvantages
of foundry, casting, hand moulding tools, characteristics of moulding sand, foundry cores,
properties of core and, crucibles, handling and care, copula furnace, construction, zone of copula
and its advantages. Safety and First Aid: Safety in the shop, mechanical and other accidents,
safety devices, safety methods, first aid equipment and methods, care and order in the workshop.
Practicals
1. Identification of tools and machines in the workshop.
2. Identification of different metals by spark tests and advance methods.
3. Demonstration of different heat treatment processes.
4. Practice of arc welding.
5. Practice of gas welding.
6. Safety and first aid in the workshop related to electrical, mechanical and other accidents.
7. Safety in the use of hand tools.
8. Visits to local foundries.
Suggested Readings
1. Abbaschian, R., L. Abbaschian, and R.E. Reed-Hill. (2008). Physical Metallurgy
Principles. Cengage Learning.
2. Chapman, W.A.J. (2004). Workshop Technology Part-I.and II. Viva Books Private Ltd.,
India.
3. Havey, D. Miner. (1999). Exploring Pattern Making and Foundry. The MacMillan Co.
N.Y., USA.
4. John, K C. (2011). Mechanical Workshop Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
5. Ostwald, P. H. and J. Munoz. (2002). Manufacturing Processes and systems. 9th edition
John wiley and Sons, New York. USA.
6. Sharma, S. (2010). Manufacturing Processes. I. K. International Pvt Ltd.
FMP-302 Manufacturing Engineering 3(2-1)
Turning and related operations: Lathe, construction, types of lathes, accessories, lathe operations,
turret lathe; construction, types, turret lathe tooling, chip formation, mechanism of chip
formation, cutting tool materials, tool failure and tool life. Shaping and planning: shaper;
classifications, functions, shaper drive mechanism, shaper speeds and machining times, planning,
construction and types, work set up, planer tools, metal bending and sheet rolling processes.
Drilling and reaming: Drilling; types and sizes, drill chucks. Counter boring, counter sinking,
reaming, drilling machine types, and estimating drilling time. Milling: Definition, milling
operations, milling cutters, milling machines types, size, accessories, dividing head, estimating
milling time. Gear manufacturing: Gear terminology, gear types, basic methods for machining
gears. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer – integrated manufacturing (CIM)
Systems: Machine tools control, numerical control system, computerized numerical control
system (CNC) programming for numerical control. Automatic machines, transfer machines,
computer aided- manufacturing (CAM), computer simulation of manufacturing process and
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system. Automated assembly use of mechanical hands/Industrial Robots, concept of computer-
integrated automation system (unmanned factory)
Practicals
1. Fabrication of various machine elements using lathe.
2. Making a slot on a shaft for a cotter pin using shaper and milling machines.
3. Cutting threads using milling and lathe machines
4. Making holes in machine parts using drilling machines.
5. Making bends of metal sheet using sheet rolling machines.
6. Fabrication of a given agricultural machinery part.
7. Local visits to agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Industries.
Suggested Readings
1. Chapman, W.A.J. 2004. Workshop Technology Part-I.and II. Viva Books Private Ltd.,
India.
2. Kalpakjin, S. and Schmid, R. S. 2004. Manufacturing engineering and technology.4th ed.
Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
3. Ostwald, P. H. and J. Munoz. 2002. Manufacturing Processes and systems. 9th edition,
John Wiley and Sons, New York. USA.
4. Pang, P.N.T. 2004. Essentials of Manufacturing Engineering Management. Universe,
Inc.
5. Qin, Y. 2010. Micro manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Elsevier Science B.V.,
Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York, USA.
6. Rao, P. N. 2005. CAD/CAM – Principles and applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill Co.
Ltd. New Delhi, India.
FMP-401 Engineering Thermodynamics 3(2-1)
Heating and expansion of gases; Units of heat, gases and vapors, constant volume and constant
pressure, P-V diagram, specific heat of gases, internal energy of gas, law of conservation of
energy, methods of heating and expanding gases and vapors, work done by gas in expanding.
Laws of perfect gases: The two laws of thermodynamics, the heating of gases, equations for
different types of heating methods. Air cycles: Cycles of operation, air standard efficiency of a
cycle, reversible process, reversible cycles, reversibility and efficiency, Carnot cycle, Otto cycle,
diesel cycle, mean effective pressure. Entropy of gases: Entropy and heat, T-S diagrams, Carnot,
Otto, diesel and dual combustion cycles on T-S diagrams. Air compressors: functions,
compressor types, reciprocating and rotary compressors, single and multistage compressors,
cylinder clearance, work done, compressor efficiency. Compound expansion: advantages of
compound expansion, tandem type of two- cylinder compound engine, receiver type compound
engine; combined indicator diagram for compound engine. Fuels: Combustion of fuels,
properties of fuels – viscosity, pour point, flash point, calorific value, API gravity, conversion of
volumetric analysis, analysis by weight, weight of carbon in burnt gases, weight of air required
for complete combustion of fuel, weight of flue gases per pound of fuel burnt, weight of excess
air supplied, method of analyzing flue gases, heat carried away by flue gases, volumetric analysis
of a gas, air fuel ratio for I.C. Engine. Refrigeration: Co efficient of performance, units of
refrigeration, air compression refrigeration, vapor compression refrigeration, refrigeration cycles,
rating, quality of refrigerant and general considerations, components of refrigeration system, heat
pumps.
Practicals
1. Study of working principles of two stroke and four stroke engines using models.
2. Demonstration of Joule's law.
3. Study of rotary and reciprocating air compressors and their characteristic curves.
4. Study of PV diagram of diesel/gasoline engines.
5. Analysis of engine flue gases for CO, CO2, NO2, etc.
6. Determination of energy content of different fuels using calorimeter.
7. Study of heat transfer using refrigeration and air conditioning cycle.
8. Measurement of fuel viscosity using viscometer.
9. Determination of flash point and fire point of different petroleum products.
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Suggested Readings
1. Eastop, T. D. 2004. Applied thermodynamics for engineering and technologists (5th ed.)
Pearson Education Singapore.
2. Jones, J.B. and Hawkais, G.A. 2002. Engineering Thermodynamics. John Willey and
Sons, Inc. N.Y., USA.
3. Lewitt E. H. 2002. Thermodynamics applied to heat engines, Issac Pitman and Sons,
London.
4. Sontagg, R. E. and G. J. Van Wylen. 2010. Fundamentals of thermodynamics (7th ed.),
John Willey and Sons, Inc. New York, USA.
5. Muthuraman, S. 2011. Engineering Thermodynamics: Study of Thermodynamic
Properties and Applications. VDM Publishing.
6. Mishra, D.P. 2012. Engineering Thermodynamics. CENGAGE Learning.
7. Chattopadhyay, P. 2011. Engineering Thermodynamics (Revised 1st ed.). Oxford
University Press, UK.
FMP-402 Instrumentation and Measurements 3(2-1)
Basic terminology and concepts related to instruments, instrument behavior application of

instrumentation, functional elements of instruments, basic terms related to instrumentation, such as
threshold, resolution, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, response and error of instrument, uncertainty
analysis, and least square techniques, static and dynamic characteristics of instrumentation, signal
conditioning and recording devices. Principles and theory of electrical instruments: potentiometer,
wheat stone bridge, strain analysis; strain measurement; strain gauges, types and their applications.
Displacement, velocity and acceleration measurement: sensors and transducers, displacement
measurement sensors; potentiometer, LVDT, capacitance sensors, piezoelectric sensors, velocity
and acceleration sensors. Force and Torque Measurements: Force Measurements; Load cells.
Torque measurements; torque cells. Pressure Measurement: Gauge, vacuum and aB.Sc.olute
pressure, pressure measuring devices. Measurement of Temperature: Resistance thermometers,
thermocouples and radiation methods. Fundamentals of mechatronics: Introduction to electronics
and sensors used in agricultural machinery, interfacing the machine and computers for response,
controls and data logging, computer simulation of mechanical system.
Practicals
1. Measurement of Displacement by LVDT and Potentiometer;
2. Measurement of wind velocity.
3. Measurement of Force by Strain Gauges;
4. Calibration of pressure gauges with dead weight tester;
5. Measurement of Temperature by thermocouples;
6. Computer inter-facing for the depth and draft controls of tractors;
7. Visit to Mechatronics labs. of different institutions;
8. Study of depth sensors in Agricultural Machinery
Suggested Readings
1. Bakshi, U.A. and A.V. Bakshi. 2009. Instrumentation Engineering. Technical
Publications.
2. Bakshi, U.A. and A.V. Bakshi. 2010. Measurements and Instrumentation. Technical
Publications.
3. Dally, J. W., W. F. Riley and K. G. McConnel. 2003. Instrumentation for engineering
measurements, 2nd ed. John Willey and Sons, Inc. Singapore
4. Figliola, R. S. and D. E. Beasley. 2004. Theory and design for mechanical measurements.
(3rd ed.). John Willey and Sons (Asia) Pvt., Inc. Singapore
5. Kishore. 2009. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation. Pearson Education India.
6. Mahalik, N. P. 2003. Mechatronics, principles, concepts and applications. Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, India
7. Shetty, D. and R. A. Kolk. 2001. Mechatronics System Design. Vikas Publishing House,
Pvt., Ltd. New Delhi, India.
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FMP-403 Agricultural Processing Engineering 3(2-1)
Introduction: industrial processes, value addition, structure and composition of food grains and
fruits, engineering properties of agricultural materials - physical, mechanical and thermal
properties. Pumps: types of pumps used in the industries, pump selection, pump laws and
performance, viscosity effects. Fans: Classification as to type and design of fans, fan theory, fan
performance, factors affecting fan selection, general performance and laws, fans in series and
parallel, compression effect. Material handling and transportation equipment: Belt conveyors,
chain conveyors, bucket elevators, pneumatic conveyors, gravity conveyors, augers, and trailer/
trucks. Cleaning, Sorting and grading: Grade factors, washing types and methods of washing,
sorting fruits and vegetables, types of sorters, cleaning and sorting, grading, nuts and seeds, types
of grain cleaners/sorters, aerodynamics of small Practicals, types of separators, machine vision
and its applications in grading. Size reduction: Size reduction and screen analysis of solid foods.
Types of size reduction mills; fineness modulus, value of ground feed, size relationships, energy
requirements, size reduction procedures, reducing devices, performance and characteristics of
size reduction devices, mixing and types of mixers. Drying: Drying and dehydration, moisture
content determinations; primary methods, equilibrium moisture content, drying processes,
constant rate period, falling rate period, falling rate drying mechanism, dynamics of equilibrium
moisture content, effect of temperature upon the rate of drying, effect of air rate upon the rate of
drying, heat and mass balance limitation of the drying equipments, calculations, types of driers,
psychometric chart.
Practicals
1. Determination of internal friction and angle of repose.
2. Measurement of bulk density of grains;
3. Measurement of grain moisture content by oven method and moisture meter;
4. Selection of fans for aeration of bin.
5. Calculation of Fineness modulus of wheat flour;
6. Demonstration of sieves used for cleaning/grading;
7. Carrying out screen analysis of milling/grinding equipment;
8. Study of Psychometric chart to calculate heat transfer during aeration/drying;
9. Study of dehydration characteristics of fruits/vegetable by moisture content vs. time
curve and drying rate vs moisture content curve;
10. Visit to cold storage facilities;
11. Study tour to visit agricultural processing units and plants.
Suggested Readings
1. Dabhi, M.N. and N.K. Dhamsaniya. 2008. Agricultural Process Engineering. Agrotech
Publishing Academy, India.
2. Hanlon, J. F. 1992. Handbook of packaging engineering. 2nd ed. John Willey and Sons,
N.Y., USA.
3. Henderson, S.M. 2010. Agricultural Process Engineering. The AVI Publishing Company,
Inc. Westport, Connecticut. USA.
4. Myler, H. R. 1999. Fundamentals of machine vision. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
5. Pandey, H. H. K. Sharma, R. C. Chauhan, B. C. Sarkar and M. B. Bera. 2004.
Experiments in food process engineering. CB.SC. Publishers and distributers, New Delhi,
India
6. Sahay, K. M. and K. K. Singh. 2002. Unit operation of agricultural processing (2nd ed).
Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
7. Toledo, R.T. 2006. Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering. Food Science Text
Series.
FMP-404 Engineering Economics and Management 3(3-0)
Management Fundamentals: Management, Administration, Leadership, Relationship Vs Task

Management, Project and Program, Project Life Cycle, Trade Off. Line/Project Organization,
Functional Organization, Matrix and Mixed Organization. Role and Responsibilities, Career
Path, Special Demands on the Project Manager, Common Characteristics of a most effective
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Team, Selection of a Project Manager. Project Scheduling and Control: Network Techniques,
PERT, CPM & GRANT Charts, Use of Project management Software’s, Crashing of a Project,
Physical Assets Control, Human Resource Control, Financial Control. Marketing Management:
Selling versus Marketing, Role of a company: Leader, Follower, Challenger, Basics of
Marketing, Place, Price and Promotion. Role of a company in Market Place. Economics and
Accounting: Budgeting Methods, Cost Estimation, Assets, Liabilities, Capital and Revenue
Expenditure, Depreciation, Depletion, Amortization, Owner’s Equity Debentures, Loan
Financing, Accounting, Qaurds, Ledgers, Profit and loss statement.
Suggested readings
1. Anonymous. 2002. The Certified Quality Auditors HACCP Handbook. ASQ Food, Drug
and Cosmetic Division. ASQ Quality Press, Milwaukee Wisconsin, USA.
2. Mishra, R. 2008. Industrial Economics and Management Principles. Firewall Media
3. Swamy, N. 2007. Engineering Economics & Management, Dynaram Publications,
India.
FMP-502 Farm Machinery & Earth Moving Equipment 4(3-1)
Objective:
Teaching farm machines required for crop husbandry in addition to land leveling equipment.
Content:
Field Capacities and Cost Analysis: Implements Types, Factors affecting field capacity, Cost
analysis
Hydraulics Controls and Power Take Off (PTO) Drives : Components of a hydraulic system,
Types of hydraulic system, Single, Parallel & Series cylinder systems, Limit control, Automatic
position and Draft control, Hydrostatic Propulsion drives, PTO drives using two universal joints,
Three-joints PTO drives, Loads imposed on P.T.O. shafts, Recommended PTO load limits.
Tillage Force Analysis and Hitching: Forces acting upon a tillage implement, Mechanics of
tillage, Tillage tool design factors, Measuring & evaluating performance, Measuring draft of
implements, Vertical and horizontal hitching of trailed implement, Hitches for mounted
implements, Depth and draft control on hitches.
Tillage Implements:
(a). Primary tillage implements: Function & Types of Mold board plows, Components of a
mold board plow, Reaction of soils to mold boards, Pulverizing action, Turning & inversion,
Scouring, Forces acting upon a plow bottom, Effects of soil types, depth of plowing shape &
design, attachments & rear furrow wheel and speed on draft & performance. Functions,
components & types of Disk plows, Rotary plows, Chisel & subsurface plows.
(b). Secondary tillage implements: Functions, components & types of Harrows, Cultivators.
Land rollers and Pulverizers, Subsurface tillage tools & field cultivators.
Equipment for Sowing and Planting: Functions, components & types of planting equipments,
Seed metering devices, Maize drills, Calibration of seed drill. Broadcasting machines, Fertilizer
and insecticide placement. Transplanting machines, Spraying systems.
Grain and Seed Harvesting: Harvesting and threshing methods, Types and development of
Combines, functional elements of a combine, Flow path of material, Types and sources of seed
loss, Types of threshing cylinders, Threshing effectiveness, Cylinder adjustment, Testing of
Combines and its power requirements, Windrowing.
Earth Moving Equipments: Principles and working of Bulldozers, Soil scrapers and ditchers,
Crawler, Parts of Crawler, Comparison of wheel type and Crawler tractors.
Practicals:
Identification of Primary Tillage Implements.
1. Identification of Secondary Tillage Implements.
2. Determination of Field Capacity of Agricultural Field Implements under actual field
condition.
3. Determination of Field Efficiency of Agricultural Field Implements.
4. Determination of tractor Wheel Slip.
5. Calibration of grain drills in Laboratory.
6. Calibration of grain drills in Field.
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7. Study and operation of Tractor Hydraulic System.
8. Mini Project.
Suggested Readings:
1. Haycraft W. R. – 2002. The Story of the Earthmoving Equipment Industry. Library of
Congress cataloging .USA
2. Kepner, R. A, R. Bainer and E. L. Barger (1998). Principles of Farm Machinery, AVI
Publishing company, Inc. Westport, Connecticut.
3. Smith H. P. and L. H. Wilkes. (1996). Farm Machinery and Equipment, 6th Ed. McGraw-
Hill, Inc. USA
FMP-503 Design of Agricultural Machinery 3(2-1)
Philosophy of Design: Formulating of procedure, importance of machine design in Agricultural

Machinery, Reliability, Engineering Standards, User economics.
Tolerance Design and Statistics: Tolerance and allowances, application of statistics to
manufacturing.
Stresses: Stress failure theory, Designing for deflection, Strain determinations, Stresses caused
by impact.
Power Transmissions: V-Belt forces, kinematics and design procedure, Chain drive, Forces,
selection and design procedure. Universal Joints, description and functioning in Agricultural
Machinery.
Linkages in Farm Machinery: Velocity and acceleration determination, Four bar mechanism,
Machinery mechanism, Forces on plows and discs.
Hydraulic Power System: Hydrostatic drives and hydraulic pumps, Pump performance and
rating, Hydraulic motors performance and rating, Control valves, Hoses and fitting, Cylinders.
Design of Surfaces of Plow Bottoms: Design of moldboard plow and disk plow.
Stability of Plows: Force equilibrium and stability, Supporting elements, Plow stability in
horizontal plane, Procedure for measuring the quality and testing plows.
Practical
1. Chain and belt drives design and installation.
2. Determine the angular relation between the input and output of universal joints.
3. Analysis of thresher.
4. Calculate the forces in three-point hitch of tractor.
5. Visit to Farm Machinery Institute for Implement evaluation.
6. Assembling and disassembly of seed planter, sprayer and engine.
7. Analysis and construction of agricultural machines.
8. Design methods of a mould board plow.
9. Design methods of chisel plow.
10. Design methods of disc plow.
11. To Study the Different Hydraulic Systems using Hydraulic Circuit Trainer.
Suggested readings
1. Krutz, G., L. Thompson and P. Claar. (1984). Design of Agricultural Machinery. John
Wiley and Sons Inc. USA.
2. Bernacki, H. J. Haman, C. Kanafojski, Agricultural Machines, Theory and Construction,
Vol. I , U.S. Department of Commerce.
3. Shigley, J.E. and C. R. Mischhe, (2000). Mechanical Engineering Design. Fifth Edition.
McGraw Hill Publications Inc. USA.
FMP-504 Professional Ethics 2(2-0)
Objectives:
The objective of the course is to improve the ethical standards of students in engineering.
Contents:
Engineering ethics: Senses of Engineering Ethics – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry –
Moral dilemmas. Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg’s theory – Gilligan’s theory – Consensus and
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Controversy – Professions and Professionalism – Professional ideals and virtues – Theories
about right action – Self-interest – Customs and religion – Use of Ethical Theories
Engineering as social experimentation: Engineering as experimentation – Engineers as
responsible experimenters – Codes of Ethics – A Balanced Outlook on Law – The Challenger
Case Study.
Engineer’s responsibility for safety: Safety and risk – Assessment of safety and risk – Risk
Benefit Analysis – Reducing risk – The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl Case Studies
Responsibilities and rights: Collegiality and loyalty – respect for authority – collective
bargaining – confidentiality – conflicts of interest – occupational crime – professional rights –
employee rights – discrimination.
Global issues: Multinational corporations – environmental ethics – computer ethics – weapons
development – engineers as managers – consulting engineers – engineers as expert witnesses and
advisors – moral leadership – sample code of conduct.
Suggested Readings:
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering, McGraw Hill, New York,
1996
2. Charles D Fledderman, Engineering Ethics, Prentice Hall, New Mexico, 1999
3. Laura Schlesinger, How Could You Do That: The Abdication of Character, Courage, and
Conscience, Harper Collins, New York, 1996.
4. Stephen Carter, Integrity, Basic Books, New York 1996.
5. Tom Rusk, The Power of Ethical Persuasion: From Conflict to Partnership at Work and
in Private Life, Viking, New York, 1993
6. L. J. Brooks, P. Dunn , 2009, Business & Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives &
Accountants South western cengage ,UAS,
FMP-505 Boiler Engineering and Power Plants 3(2-1)
Boiler Engineering: Introduction, types, construction, mounting, accessories steam cycle, steam
nozzles, supersaturated expansion in nozzles, heat drop in saturated and supersaturated
expansion, steam injector, steam turbine, work done, velocity diagram, work done in blading,
velocity compounding, pressure compounding, impulse turbine, heat account for boiler and
turbine, amount of fuel burnt, acceptance tests, analysis and calorific value of fuel, analysis of
flue gases, amount of steam produced, pressure and quality of steam, design of boiler and
pressure control system devices. Properties of steam, enthalpy of water, dryness fraction,
enthalpy of wet steam, use of steam tables, super heated steam, internal energy of steam.
Power Plants:Steam Plants: Introduction, general layout of modern steam plants, steam
generators, engines and auxiliary components, back pressure and pass out turbines,
deviation of actual cycle from ideal, turbine pump and condenser.
Gas Turbine and Power Plants: Introduction, the gas turbine cycle, modification in basic
cycle, isentropic efficiency of compressors and turbines, intercooling
and reheating, explosion type gas turbine with solar heating, development and
improvement in gas turbine. Jet propulsion plant, comparison of steam and gas power
plants.
Practical
1. Demonstration and inspection of different types of boilers.
2. Determination of calorific value of fuel
3. Analysis of flue gases using gas analyzer
4. Quality analysis of steam
5. Measurement of impulse force on vane of turbine
6. Assessment of power generation at output shaft
7. Visit to different power plants
8. Visit to sugar and textile industries to study boilers and steam power.
9. Visit to nuclear and steam power plants.
Suggested Readings:
1. Chattopadhyay, P. 2000. Boiler Operation Engineering. TATA McGraw HillPub. Co.
Ltd., New Dehli, India.
13
2. Kearton, W. J. 1999. Steam turbine theory and practice. 7th ed. CB Spublishers &
Distributors. New Delhi, India..
3. Granet, I. and M. Bluestein. 2001. Thermodynamics and heat power, Pearson
Education Asia.
4. Cengel, Y. A. R. H. Turner. 2005. Fundamentals of thermal fluid sciences. McGraw Hill
International.
FMP-506 Energy Resources and Management 3(2-1)
Introduction: Overview of various types of energy sources (renewable and Non-renewable)

and its use in the country. Energy management/audit with reference to:
fertilizer (organic/inorganic), chemical controls, irrigation, mechanization, post
harvest system and food consumption. Technological alternative for efficient energy
management in agriculture.
Energy reclamation from agricultural crops/wastes: Energy from biomass production.
Biogas, various types of biogas plants. Design, installation, operation and management of
biogas plants.
Solar Energy:Solar system, solar radiation, basic earth-sun angles, time derived solar
angles, estimation of solar radiation, radiation measurements, solar radiation
collectors, various uses of solar energy in domestic/agriculture, solar energy conservation
Wind energy: Wind energy potential in the country. Application of wind energy
(domestic / agriculture). Importance of vertical and horizontal axis for wind mills, wind operated
pumps for water lifting.
Practicals
1. Estimation of energy requirements for major crops.
2. Performance/ evaluation of biogas plants
3. Estimation of solar and wind energies
4. Study of different types of solar dryers
5. Performance/evaluation of wind mills.
6. Analysis of engine performance for energy conservation.
7. Measurement of energy contents in diesel, biomass, and vegetable oil with calorimeter.
Suggested Readings:
1. Sorensen, B. 2004. Renewable Energy. 2004. Elsevier Academic Press, UK
2. Singh, M. P. 2005. International Encyclopedia of energy. DAYA Publishing House,
Dehli, India
3. Board, N. Handbook on biogas and its application. National Institute of Industrial
Research, Dehli, India
4. Pimental, D. 1993. Hand Book of Energy Utilization in Agriculture. CRC Press Inc.
Florida, USA.
5. Rai. G. D. 2001. Solar energy utilization. Khanna Publishers, N. Dehli, India
6. Stout, B.A., 1990. Hand Book of energy for world agriculture. Elsevier Applied Science
Ltd.
FMP-508 Farm Machinery Management 3 (2-1)
Machine performance: Machines capacities; time efficiency; machine manoeuvrability; field

patterns, factors effecting machine performance.
Power performance: Tractor power; draw bar power; PTO power, hydraulic power, power
measurement; tractor tests, Nebraska Tractor Tests.
Ergonomics: Introduction, operator skill, operator aids for control, machine sensors, GPS
role in machine control, operator safety and environment Machinery Management: Machinery
costs – ownership costs, operating costs, and timeliness costs; machinery selection and
replacement.
Optimization: optimum use of machine, estimation of power for a machine, part load operation,
break even point, linear programming.
Hay and Forage harvesting: Mechanics of cutting plants; mowers; mover conditioners,
balers; impact cutting; curing and preservation of forage; wind rowing.
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Grain harvesting: Introduction, methods and equipment, reaper and
windrowing; types of threshers, threshing cylinders, threshing losses, combine harvesting:
types of cutting heads and tracks for different crops(wheat, rice, maize, sunflower),
functional processes – gathering, cutting, pickup, feeding, threshing, separation, cleaning;
combine losses and adjustments, performance evaluations.
Special crop machines: Cotton harvester; maize harvester; sugarcane harvester;
potato harvester.
Precision Farming: Introduction, precision farming methods, precision
equipment- laser land levelling, sensors, variable rate application, role of GIS and GPS in
precision farming
Practicals:
1. Measurement of Drawbar and PTO power of a tractor.
2. Calculation of field capacity of selected farm machinery.
3. Demonstration of reaper and thresher.
4. Demonstration of combine harvester.
5. Measurement of combine losses.
6. Measurement of maturity level of crop.
7. Thresher and Combine adjustments to solve grain breakage problem.
8. Study of cost analysis of combine harvesting.
9. Demonstration of laser land leveller and its adjustments.
10. Demonstration of GPS for precision farming.
Suggested Readings:
1. Hunt, D. 2003. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Iowa State University Press,
Ames, Iowa, USA.
2. Kepner, R. A., R. Bainer,and E.L. Barger. 2000 Principles of Farm Machinery,
John Willey and sons, N.Y
3. Suresh, R. and S. Kumar. 2004. Farm power and machinery engineering.
Standard Publishers, New Delhi, India
4. Klenin Popov & Sakun, 1995. Agricultural Machines. Kolos Publishers
Moscow, U.S. S.R.
FMP-601 Farm Power 3(2-1)
Objective:
Providing instructions relating components of I.C. engine, tractor components and its mechanics
Contents:
Introduction: History of engine development, engine cycles, principles of operation, types of
engines.
Principal parts of engine: Functions, construction, cylinder, cylinder heads, liner, crank case,
piston, connecting rod, crank shaft, clutch, flywheel, valves and their operation, valve
mechanism.
Fuels and combustion: Types of engine fuels, fuel tests and their significance, gasoline tests,
antiknock test, octane number, volatility, Reid vapour pressure, sulphur content, gun content,
heat values, gasoline additives. Engine emissions and their analysis.
Fuel System: major components of fuel systems (petrol / diesel), carburettor, fuel injection
pump, injector/nozzles, electronic fuel injection, governing system, trouble shooting, calibration
of fuel injection pump.
Ignition system: Types of ignition, spark, magneto and compression ignition, induction coils,
distributor, spark plug, contact-breaker points, condenser, trouble shooting.
Cooling system: Types, principle of operation, parts of air/water cooling system, line diagram,
radiator, thermostat, water pump, fan, engine heating, repair and maintenance, types of coolants.
Lubrication system: Types, principle of operation, components of lubrication systems, line
diagram, types of lubricants, trouble shooting.
Electrical System: A.C. and D.C. voltage, alternator/dynamo, battery, battery charging and
maintenance, self starter, electrical gauges and controls, line diagram, repair and maintenance.
15
Intake and exhaust system: Air intake system, air cleaner, supper charger, turbo charger, inter-
cooling, and construction of intake and exhaust manifolds, mufflers, flue gases.
Mechanics of the Farm Tractor Chassis: Force Analysis, Soil reaction, Draw bar pull, Stability of
tractors, Tipping and lateral stability
Clutch and Brakes: Transmission, Differentials, Power take-off, Pulley drives, Power lift and
hydraulic controls. Tractors tests and performance
Farm Management: Farm planning for efficient use of resources and attainment of business goals
and farm accounting.
Practicals:
1. Study of main components of engine and engine types.
2. Study of valve system and its adjustments.
3. Demonstration of fuel system, cooling system and electrical system of tractor.
4. Measurement of air pressure/air fuel ratio in each cylinder of engine.
5. Fuel injector, pump adjustment and calibration.
6. Demonstration of engine lubrication system.
7. Servicing of a single cylinder diesel engine.
8. Removal of air lock of a diesel engine.
9. Battery testing for charging/discharging.
10. Engine diagnostics-analysis of engine emissions using gas analyzer, multi-scan, etc.
11. Tour to tractor industry (Millat Tractors Limited, Al-Ghazi Tractors, Ltd)
Suggested Readings:
1. Single,R.K.2004. Internal Combustion Engines. S.K.Katana & Sons, Dehli, India.
2. S.C. Jain and C.R. Rai. 2000. Farm Tractor Maintenance and Repair, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
3. Halderman, J. C. D. Mitchell. 2005. Automotive Engines: theory and servicing.5th ed.
Pearson Prentice Hall, Singapore.
4. Promersberger and Bishop. 1996. Farm Power. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey U.S.A
5. Paul W.G. James, H.Smith Jr and E.J.Ziruys. 1995. Fundamentals of Internal Combustion
Engines, 4th Ed. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company (Pvt) Ltd. New Dehli.
FMP-602 Machine Design 3(3-0)
Objectives:
Discussion of design and loading of Power Transformers and Induction motors is introduced and
electrical equipment installation; commissioning, testing and troubleshooting practices are
discussed.
Contents:
Introduction: Meaning of Mechanical Engineering Design, Phases of design, Design
considerations, Safety and product reliability, Codes and standards, evaluation and presentation
Design of Simple Machine Components: Design of shafts, torsion of circular shafts, horsepower
transmitted by the shafts, design of clutches, bearings, gears, flange couplings, pulleys and
connecting rod
Design of Fasteners and Connections :Different types of fasteners. Thread standards and
definitions, Mechanics of power screws. Bolts strength and selection of units, Bolt preload,
torque requirement, Bolted, riveted and welded joints loaded in shear, Keys pins, and retainers
Elements of Rotary Power Transmission : Belts, Stresses in belts, Chain and sprocket drives,
Gears drives, Flexible shafts, Bearings
Suggested Readings:
2. Parkinson, A.C. (1968). A First Year Engineering Drawing, sixth Ed., Sir Issac Pitman
& Sons Ltd. London.
3. Spotts, M.F. (1978). Design of Machine Elements. Englewood Cliff Prentice Hall,
London.
16
4. Yoshimi Itō ,(2008) Modular design for machine tools. Library of Congress cataloging
.USA
FMP-603 Post Harvest Engineering 3(2-1)
Introduction: Importance of cereal grains and other food products, food preservation, the
food cycle, important factors of food production.
Properties of Cereals: Cereal grains and their structure, physical properties, biochemical
properties.
Factors Affecting Grain Stability: Physical factors, biological factors, chemical factors, thermal
factors.
Post harvest Losses: Forms and measurement of post harvest losses, measures to
control losses.
Pre-storage handling of Food Products: Physiological maturity, harvesting, threshing,
collection, transportation, and receiving system.
Drying and Aeration: principle of drying, solar drying, artificial drying, types of dryers,
components of dryers, factors affecting drying rate, natural aeration, artificial
aeration, methods of aeration, air conditioning/refrigeration.
Storage: Basic requirements for a storage structure, classification of storage structure, types
of Public storage structures, storage structure design, temporary and permanent storage
facilities, Non-conventional storage facilities, considerations in selecting type of storage
structure, problems in grain storage, stored grain pests, control methods.
Grades and Standards: Importance of grades and standards, food quality, establishing
grades and standards, assessing the grade, grade factors and their importance, grading
equipment, representative sampling, WTO and its regulation regarding quality control.
Practicals
1. Measurement of moisture content of grain, fibre, and other food products
2. Measurement of size, shape, density, specific gravity, porosity, angle of repose,
coefficient of friction, hardness test.
3. Thermal properties of biological materials; specific heat,
thermal conductivity.
4. Study of air conditioning and refrigeration plants.
5. Study of storage structures and their specifications.
6. Visits to public / private storage structures.
Suggested Readings:
1. Sahay, K. M. and K. K. Singh. 2002. Unit operation of agricultural processing.
2nd ed. Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
2. Pandey, H. H. K. Sharma, R. C. Chauhan, B. C. Sarkar and M. B. Bera. 2004.
Experiments in food process engineering. CBS Publishers and distributers, New
Delhi, India.
3. Toledo, R.T. 1980. Fundamentals of food processing engineering. AVI Pub. Co., Inc.
Westport Connecticut.
4. Mohsenin, N.N. 1980. Thermal properties of food and agricultural materials.
Gordon and Breach, N.Y., USA.
5. Mclean, K.A. 1980. Drying and storing combinable crops. Farming Press, Ltd.
Wharfedale Road, Ipswich, Suffolk
FMP-604 Industrial Engineering and Management 3(2-1)
Introduction: Industrialization and industrial policies of Pakistan; Classification of agro-based

industries, management, operations research, system engineering, statistics, ergonomics,
manufacturing engineering, ISO and WTO regulations. Production System Design: Mill and
Plant Layout; Line Diagrams; Flow Diagrams, Work measurement, General
Terminologies used in physical measurements. Product System control: Inventory control,
production control, production planning, quality control, statistical process control charts,
sampling plan, total quality management. Industrial Management: Definition of Management;
Functions of Management: Personal Management; human resource development, Policy
17
Formulation and decision Making. Materials Purchase and Stores Management. Cost
Management. Production Routing, Scheduling and Dispatch Management. Operations Research:
introduction, linear programming, graphical and algebraic method, transportation algorithm,
assignment algorithm, queuing theory and simulation. Engineering Economy: Pricing, costing,
interest calculation, present worth, future worth, annual rate of return, annual cost method, return
on investment, payback method, cost control engineering. Industrial Safety Engineering: Safety
Measures, Accidents Causes, Job Safety Analysis. Machine Guards and Safety Equipment;
Control of Noise, Contaminants and Radiation/heat etc. Health hazards and Safety
Management. Health and Safety Policies. Industrial Environmental Communication and
Pollution: Industrial Environmental Education; Factors Affecting Environment of different
industries; Environmental Planning, Monitoring and Control Strategies of Recycling Materials
for Ecological balance. What is Pollution; Sources of Pollution, e.g. Natural Sources, Industrial
Sources, Point Sources and Non-Point Sources. Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Soil,
Water, Air and human health. Effect of Unplanned Technological growth on Environmental
Pollution.
Practicals
1. Study of organizational structures of selected industries.
2. Study of plant/factory layout principles.
3. Estimation of air, water, and soil pollutants of selected industries.
4. Study of different types of cleaners and conveyors.
5. Evaluation of different storage techniques.
6. Visit to local vendor Industries.
7. Student projects
Suggested Readings
1. Hicks. P. 1994. Industrial engineering and management (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill
International Edition. N. Y.
2. Kumar, B. 2001. Industrial Engineering, Khanna Publishers, Nath Market, Delhi,
India.
3. Patil, S.B. 2008. Industrial Engineering and Management. Technical Publications PUNE.
4. Reddy, C.N.M. 2007. Industrial Engineering and Management. New age International
Publishers, India.
5. Telsang, M. 2004. Industrial engineering and production management. Tata McGraw
Hill. N. Delhi.
FMP-606 Reverse Engineering in Agricultural Engineering 3(2-1)
Objective:
 Optimization of mechanical inputs
 Providing ingenious and indigenization solutions to problems
 Economization / cost reduction
Content:
Overview : Definition and scope
Steps Involved in Various Stages of Reverse Engineering; Analysis of functionality of the
design: a) List of functional attributes of the machine/part. b) Attributes to be added/Modified
by re-engineering;
Exploding/Disassembling the Sub-assembly and Making the BOM (Bill of Materials); Materials
Scanning for each Component: Physical Properties, Hardness and Tensile testing, Chemical
testing- Materials Spectrometry, Functional validation of materials selection and performance,
Recommended Improvement and/or modification in Materials etc;
Metrological Probing in Reverse Engineering: Scanning of the parts, 3-D drawings with various
design softwares
Creating the Computer Aided Dimensional Parameter: Creating the Manufacturing processes by
closely analyzing the manufacturing requirements of each part;
Practicals:
18
1. Drafting the Modified Parts: Create 2D drafts or 3D models of the parts in the BOM.
(Depending on the Criticality or the Manufacturability of the parts) in BOM. (use Solid-
works).
2. Create the complete Drawing folder for the BOM
3. Create assembly model in Solidworks. Perform actual Assembly.
4. Create Request for quote (RFQ) package for local vendors
5. Test of Modified Functional Paramters.
Suggested Readings
1. Krutz, G., L. Thompson and P. Claar. (1984). Design of Agricultural Machinery. John
Wiley and Sons Inc. USA.
2. Bernacki, H. J. Haman, C. Kanafojski, Agricultural Machines, Theory and Construction,
Vol. I , U.S. Department of Commerce.
4. Donald H. Nelson and George Schneider, JR. 2001, Applied manufacturing process
planning. Prentice- Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 USA.
ID-301 Fluid Mechanics 3(2-1)
Objective: To study the fundamentals of fluid mechanics including statics and kinematic,
concept of energy, momentum, forces and flow measurement.
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics: Definition and branches of fluid mechanics, distinction

between solid and fluids, Properties of fluids: density, viscosity, surface tension, specific weight,
specific gravity, etc., bulk modules of elasticity, compressibility of fluids. Fluid statics: Pressure
variations in a fluid, pressure measuring devices, gauges and manometers, buoyancy and stability
of submerged and floating bodies, forces on plane and curved surfaces, center of pressure. Fluid
kinematics: Types of flow, dimensions of flow, streamlines, path lines, flow patterns for different
references, continuity equation, source flow, sink flow, flow nets, uses and limitations of flow
net. Pipe flow: pipe flow equations, head losses in pipes flow; friction losses due to ends, elbows,
reducers, etc; pressure distribution along pipe line; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, major
and minor energy losses in pipes, branching pipes, flow distribution in pipes place in series and
in parallel; pipe network analysis. Energy Consideration in Steady flow: General equations of
steady flow, heads, Bernoulli’s equation and its Practical applications, hydraulic and energy
grade lines, power consideration in fluid flow, cavitations, head losses, solution of flow
problems. Momentum and forces in fluid flow: Impulse-momentum principle and application,
force exerted on a stationary and moving bodies (flat and curved), relation between absolute and
relative velocities, reaction of a jet, jet propulsion, torque in rotating machines. Fluid Flow
Measurements: Orifices, weirs, notches and venture meter, pitot tube, coefficient of contraction,
velocity and discharge, derivation of their discharge formulae and their applications.
Practicals
1. Demonstration of various parts of hydraulic bench.
2. Experimental study of laminar and turbulent flow.
3. Experimental study of tube gauges and dead weight pressure gauges.
4. Calibration of orifices by various methods.
5. Calibration of Venturimeter.
6. Calibration of rectangular and triangular notch.
7. Verification of Bernoulli’s theorem.
8. Determination of meta-centric height.
9. Viscosity of a given fluid by viscometer.
10. Drag on a small sphere.
Suggested Readings
1. Çengel, Y.A. 2010. Fluid Mechanics. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, India.
2. Daughterty, R.I., J.B., Franzini, and E.J. Finnemore. 1995. Fluid Mechanics with
Engineering Application, McGraw Hill Book Co. Singapore.
19
3. Franzini, J.B. and Finnemore, E.J. 2003. Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Application.
McGraw Hill Book Co., Singapore.
4. Jain, A.K. 1990. Fluid Mechanics: A Text Book for Engineering Students. Khana
Publishers, New Delhi, India.
5. Streeter, V.L. 1988. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw Hill Inc., New York. Potter, M.C., C.
David and B.H. Ramadan. 2011. Mechanics of Fluids. Si Version. Cengage Learning.
ID-302 Engineering Numerical Analysis 3(2-1)
Finite difference, Forward, backward and central difference and its operators form, Interpolation
and extrapolation; Linear and higher order interpolating polynomials, Newton’s Gregory forward
and backward difference interpolation formulas and its utilization as extrapolation, Lagrange
interpolation and extrapolation, Numerical differentiation based on differences, Numerical
integration; Trapezoidal and Simpson’ approximations, Trapezoidal and Simpson’s
extrapolations by Romberg integration process, Numerical Solution of non-linear equations;
Bracketing and iteration methods and its applications as multiple root methods, Direct solution of
the system of linear equations; Gauss-elimination, Direct and indirect factorization, symmetric
factorization, tridiagonal factorization, Iterative methods like Jacob’s iteration and Gauss-Seidel
iteration, Numerical solution of initial value problems; Single-Step methods like Euler’s method,
Euler’s modified method, Runge-Kutta method and its comparison with Taylor’s series
expansion, Multi-steps methods like Adams Bashforth and Modulation two and three step
methods, Higher order differential equations, system of differential equations, Numerical
solution of linear and nonlinear boundary value problems.
Practicals
Numerical solution techniques will be elaborated and demonstrated.
Suggested Readings
1. Bhat, R.B. and S. Chakraverty. 2004. Numerical Analysis In Engineering. Alpha Science
International.
2. Moin, P. 2010. Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis. Cambridge University
Press.
3. Sastry, S.S. 2005.Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ID-402 Fluid flow systems 3(2-1)
Pumps: Purposes, pump components, pump classification centrifugal, jet, positive displacement,
turbine pumps, submersible pumps, propeller and mixed flow pumps and gas or air lift pumps;
types of impellers (open, semi-closed, closed), terminology in pumping systems-specific speed,
priming, pumping energy, total dynamic head pump problems and their remedies.
Characteristic curves: TDH-Q curve, cavitations; net positive suction head; umps location,
affinity laws, pump testing, maintenance of pumps, system head curves and its components for
pumps selection, pumps in parallel, pumps in series. Pumping system head and power
requirements; Suction lift, well draw down, friction head loss, operating head seasonal variation
in system head curve, pumps selection, prime mover electric, diesel and their selection,
feasibility of prime mover selection, determining pumping head, brake horsepower; water horse
power; input horse power; pumping plant efficiency.
Practicals
1. Study of components of various pumps;
2. study of pump characteristics;
3. determination of pumps efficiency;
4. determining operating conditions and input horse power for pumps installed in parallel;
5. determining operating condition and input horse power for pumps installed in series;
6. laboratory study of losses in pipe flow;
7. visit to study the pumping system and pipe flow of a selected industry.
20
Suggested Readings
1. Ahmad, N. 1995. Groundwater Resources of Pakistan, Shahzad Nazir Publisher,
Gulberg-III, Lahore, Pakistan.
2. Ahmad, N. 1995. Tubwell Theory and Practices, Shahzad Nazir Pubishers, Gulberg-III,
Lahore, Pakistan.
3. Saleh, J. 2002. Fluid Flow Handbook. McGraw Hill Professional, USA.
4. Tranini, J. B. and E. J. Fennimove. 2003. Fluid Mechanics with Engineering
Applications, McGRaw Hill Book Co., Singapore.
ID-501 Open Channel Hydraulics 3(2-1)
Objective:
To study the basic concepts of fluid flow, principles of energy and momentum, and
characteristics of different hydraulic structures used in open channel.
Contents:
Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow: Types, state and regimes of flow, channel flow types, channel
geometry, measurement of velocity in channel, velocity distribution in channel and its
coefficients, pressure distribution in channel, effect of slope on pre4ssure distribution.
Energy and Momentum Principle: Basic equations, specific energy, specific energy and alternate
depths, E-Y relationship, criteria for a critical state of flow, computation of critical flow, control
of flow, application of flow control in rectangular channel, momentum in open channel flow,
specific momentum, hydraulic jump, M-Y relationship.
Uniform Flow: Establishment of uniform flow. The Chezy’s and Manning’s equations, resistance
coefficient estimation, normal depth and velocity, normal and critical slopes, free board, best
hydraulic section, determination of section dimensions.
Rapidly Varied Flow: Characteristics of varied flow, sharp crested weir, aeration of the nappe
crest shape and discharge over spillway, type and characteristics of the hydraulic jump, jump as
energy dissipater, flow through sudden transitions.
Practicals:
1. Determination of discharging in open channel through different methods.
2. Development of stage-discharge curve (Y-Q Relationship)
3. Development of hydraulic jump
4. Flow through/over different hydraulic structures
5. Determination of critical flow, critical depth, alternative depth
6. Determination of Chezy and Manning n for a rectangular prismatic channel
7. Plotting flow profile of an open channel
Suggested Readings:
1. Chow, V.T. (1990). Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw Hill International Book
Company.
2. French, R. H. (1996). Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw Hill International Book
Company.
3. Henderson, F.M. (1990). Open Channel Flow. McMillan Publishing Co.
ID-502 Soil Mechanics 3(2-1)
Objective:
Developing an understanding about the physical properties of soils and their application in
agricultural engineering.
Contents:
Soil Formation: Soil and its Constituents, Weathering of Rocks and Types of Soils, Description
and identification of soil (Visual-Manual Procedure), Mineralogy of Solids.
21
Physical Properties: Water Content, Void Ratio, Porosity, Degree of Saturation, Specific Gravity,
Unit Weight and their determination, Atterberg limits, Sieve Analysis, Hydrometer and Pipette
Analysis, Stoke’s Law, Grain Size distribution
Classification of Soils: Grain Size Classification; Bureau of Soils, M.I.T. Unified, AASHTO and
ASTM Classification systems. Textural Classification by Triangular Chart, Unified Soil
Classification, AASHTO Soil Classifications.
Permeability and Seepage: Definition, Hydraulic Gradient, Darcy’s Law, Factors affecting
Permeability, Permeability of stratified soils, Laboratory and Field determination of coefficient
of Permeability, Seepage Force, Quick Sand Condition, Flow nets, Boundary Conditions,
Graphical Method of Flow net construction, Determination of Quantity of Seepage, Two
Dimensional Flow, Laplace Equation, seepage through Earth Dams, Design of Filters
Compaction: Purpose and theory of Compaction, Moisture Content and Dry Density relationship,
Standard Proctor Compaction Test, Modified Proctor compaction Test, Degree of Compaction
and its determination in the Field. Methods of compaction in the field; Factors affecting
compaction of soils.
Vertical Stresses in Soils: Definition, Stresses caused by self weight of soil, Geostatic stresses,
stresses caused by Point Loads and Uniformly distributed Loads: Boussinesq and Westergarrd
theories, Pressure bulb, Stress distribution diagram on horizontal and vertical, Stress at a point
outside loaded area, Newmark’s charts and 2:1 Method
Soil Exploration: Importance of Soil Exploration, Soil Exploration methods, Probing, Test
Trenches and Pits, Auger boring, wash boring, rotary boring, Percussion drilling and
Geophysical methods, Sol Samples, Disturbed and Un-disturbed samples, In-situ Tests (SPT,
CPT and PLT).
Practicals
1. Identification of Soil (Visual and Manual)
2. Determination of Moisture Content of Soil
3. Determination of Specific Gravity of Soil
4. Determination of Liquid Limit of Soil
5. Grain Analysis of Soil (including both Mechanical and Hydrometer Analysis)
6. Determination of Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soil
7. Determination of Shrinkage Limit of Soil
8. Classification of Soil according to AASHTO and USCS
9. Modified/Proctor Compaction Test
10. Constant Head Permeability Test (Granular Soil)
11. Falling Head Permeability (Granular and Fine Grained Soils)
Suggested Readings:
1. Jumikis, A.R. 1994. Soil Mechanics, D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., Princeton, New
Jersey.
2. Terzaghi, K. 1997. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
3. Mckeyes, E. 1989. Agricultural Engineering Soil Mechanics. Elsevere New York.
4. Smith, G.N. 1990. Elements of Soil Mechanics. BSP Professional Books, Oxford.
ID-503 Engineering Hydrology 3(2-1)
Objective:
 To acquaint the students with the basic components hydrologic cycle and their analysis.
 Introduce a stream flow components, flood routing, and hydrology model.
Contents:
Hydrologic processes: Introduction, Hydrologic cycle and its components, importance of
hydrology, climatic factors, estimation of precipitable water, snowcover and snow fall, stream
flow, water stage, discharge, interpretation of stream flow data evaporation and transpiration,
Evapotranspiration and its estimate using different methods.
Hydrologic Analysis: Hydrograph and its characteristics, run off and its components, recessions,
hydrograph separation, rainfall-runoff relations, phenomenon of runoff estimating the volume of
storm runoff, estimating snow melt runoff, seasonal and annual runoff relations, hydrograph of
runoff unit hydrograph its derivation and application, overland flow.
22
Hydrologic routing: Introduction, river routing level pool routing, linear reservoir model,
Muskingam method.
Hydrologic Models: definition, classification of models, development, calibration, verification
and application of models.
Practicals:
1. Demonstration of weather recording instruments and practice in taking actual data from
weather stations including a visit to weather station.
2. Measuring runoff in the field by different techniques.
3. Development of unit hydrograph and its use.
4. Frequency analysis of rainfall data.
5. Measuring infiltration rate in the field.
Suggested Readings:
1. Awan, N.M. 1981. Surface Water Hydrology, National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
2. Linsely, R.K., Kohler, J.L.H. Paulhyus 1996. Hydrology for Engineers, SI. Edition,
McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd.
3. Ward, R.C., Robinson, M. 1990. Principles of Hydrology, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
London.
4. Wilson, E. M. 1990. Engineering Hydrology, Macmillan Civil engineering
hydraulics.N.Y.
ID-504 Soil & Water Conservation Engineering 3(2-1)
Objective:
Understanding the process of soil degradation and its protection affectivity soil moisture and
agriculture productivity.
Contents:
Water Erosion: Erosion agents. Geologic and accelerated erosion. Damages caused by soil
erosion. Water erosion and its types. Factors affecting water erosion. Sedimentation and
pollution in relation to water erosion. Water erosion prediction equation. Erosion control
practices.
Wind Erosion: Factors affecting wind erosion. Types of soil movement. Mechanics of wind
erosion. Wind erosion control principles. Wind erosion prediction equation.
Rainfall and Runoff: Rainfall intensity and duration. Infiltration, Factors affecting runoff.
Damages caused by floods. Water harvesting.
Cropping System and Agronomic Measures for Erosion Control: Watershed management, Plant
cover, Crop rotation, Strip-cropping, Conservation tillage, Contour cultivation, Land capability
classification.
Terracing: Field terrace. Classification of terraces. Broad base terraces. Bench terraces. Terrace
design. Planning the terrace system. Terrace construction and maintenance.
Vegetated Outlets: Use of vegetated outlets and water courses in the control of erosion. Design
of vegetated outlets. Water-way construction and maintenance.
Conservation Structures: Drops Spillways, Chutes and Pipes Spillways; their requirements,
components and limitations.
Water Conservation: Definition of drought, Effects of drought. Water stored in soil. Decreasing
runoff. Reducing evaporation. Reducing deep percolation. Preventing losses from storage.
Practicals:
1. Measurements of soil loss from splash erosion by rainfall simulator.
2. Measurements of soil loss using universal soil loss equation.
3. Demonstration of moisture conservation techniques.
4. Field visit to areas with water and wind erosion prevailing.
Suggested Readings:
1. Suresh, R. 2000. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. Standard publishers
Distributors, 1705-B Nai Sarak, Delhi, India.
23
2. Kirkby, M.J. 1980. Soil Erosion. John Willey & Sons, New York.
3. Linsely, R.K. and Franzini, Joseph. 1996. Water Resources Engineering. McGraw Hill.
FAO.
4. Frederick, R.T. and J. A. Hobbs. 1991. Soil and Water Conservation. Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
5. Schwab G. O., D.D Fangmeier, W. J. Elliot and R. K. Frevert. (2002). Soil and Water
Conservation Engineering, 4th edition. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.
6. Frederick, R.T. and J. A. Hobbs. (1991). Soil and Water Conservation. Prentice hall,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (USA)
ID-505 Water Management Engineering 3 (2-1)
Water Course Design and Improvement: Introduction, Planning for watercourse improvement.
Design criteria. Hydraulics of watercourse design, Different cross sections of watercourse, Water
course design. Materials and procedures, Moghas, Construction of unlined and lined
watercourses, OFWM structures (conveyance, control).
Precision Land Leveling: Precision land leveling, Objective, Advantages and disadvantages of
land leveling, Farm assessment and layout, Traditional survey layout procedure. Adjustment of
borrow and fill, procedure for sloping fields, Land leveling maintenance.
Water Storage Tanks: Sizing a water storage tanks, Considerations in sizing water storage tanks,
General criteria, Design of storage tanks, construction of water storage tank, Preparatory works,
Materials and procedures, Concrete base, Brick or stone walls, Concrete walls, Back filling.
Stone pitching, Quantities.
Water Harvesting: Introduction, Goals and objectives, Site selection, Area appraisals,
Topographical surveys, Land use plane and work plane, Land development and conservation
structures, Leveling, terracing, improved bunds, improved tillage, field spillways, water ways,
diversion ditches, Storage structures, Water balance, Site investigation, Water retention
dams/ponds.
Agronomy Practices for Water Management: Development of Crops and Cropping Systems,
Principles of Crop Management, Management of land and Soil, Seed and Sowing, Fertilizers and
Nutrients, Crop protection, Harvest and Post-harvest Technology Centers, Objectives, Selection,
and conduction of Farm Demonstration Centers, Extension Methods.
Conjunctive Use of Water: Conjunctive use of saline groundwater. Effects of sediment and
salinity on conjunctive use of water.
Practicals:
Flow measurements, water course survey, water course design,
Suggested Readings:
1. On Farm Water Management Field Manuals, (Revised 1996-97)
a. Vol. IV Watercourse Design and Improvement.
b. Vol.V: Land Development Precision Land Leveling and level Border Design.
c. Vol.VI Irrigation Agronomy.
d. Vol.VII Water Storage Tanks.
e. Vol. X Water Harvesting and Spate Irrigation
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (Federal Water Management cell)
Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.
2. Hoffman, G. J, T.A. Howell and K.H. Solomon, (1992). Management of Farm Irrigation
Systems. ASAE.
ID-506 Hydraulic Machinery 3 (2-1)
Introduction: Definition, types and uses of hydraulic machinery.

Steady incompressible flow in pressure conduits: Laminar and turbulent flow in circular pipes,
major and minor energy losses in pipes, branching pipes, pipes in series, pipes in parallel and
pipe network analysis.
Similitude and dimensional analysis: Geometric, kinematic, and dynamic
similarity, dimensionless numbers like Reynolds number, Froude number etc., and their
application, application of similitude and dimensional analysis in hydraulic model studies.
24
Similarity laws and factors for turbo-machines: Efficiency, similarities, restriction
on use of similarity laws, peripheral-velocity factor, specific speed.
Hydraulic turbines: Definition, types of turbines, suitability of turbines,
components of turbines, inlet and outlet velocity diagrams, guide blade angle, inlet and
outlet vane angles WHP and BHP of turbine, hydraulic, mechanical and overall efficiency
of turbines, factors influencing the performance of turbines.
Practicals:
1. Impact of jet on stationary flat and curved vanes.
2. Measurement of various losses through pipes and pipe fittings.
3. Verification of Reynolds number.
4. Components and operational characteristics of various pumps.
Suggested Readings:
1. Clot Industries 1979. Hydraulic Handbook, 3601 Fairbank Avenue, Kanasa City,
Kansas 661100, USA.
2. Franzini, J.B. and Finnemore, E.J. 2003. Fluid Mechanics with
Engineering Application. McGraw Hill Book Co., Singapore.
3. Jain, A.K. 1990. Fluid Mechanics: A Text Book for Engineering Students.
4. Khana Publishers, New Delhi, India.
5. Streeter, V.L. 1988. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw Hill Inc., New York.
5. Franzini, J.B. and Finnemore, E.J. 2003. Fluid Mechanics with
Engineering Applications. McGraw Hill Book Co. Singapore.
ID-507 Soil Dynamics 3 (2-1)
Retaining Walls: Definition, purpose and classification, forces acting on earth retaining
structures. Lateral earth pressure. Coulomb's earth pressure theory, assumptions, deficiencies
in Coulomb's earth pressure theory. Methods of force projection, active earth pressure,
derivation of active earth pressure, passive earth pressure, derivation of passive earth pressure,
stress distribution diagram. Surcharge, various kinds of surcharge.
Earth Pressure: Kinds of lateral earth pressure, Rankine earth pressure theory, stability of slopes,
stability analysis infinite and finite slope.
Bearing Capacity of Soil: Definition of bearing capacity. Factors affecting bearing capacity,
classification of foundations. Stability requirements of a foundation, methods
of determining bearing capacity, load and settlement,
soil loading test.
Practical
1. Determination of consolidation under given load.
2. Determination of shear strength of soil.
3. Coulomb’s earth pressure theory.
4. Methods of force projection.
Suggested Readings:
1. Jumikis, A.R. 1994. Soil Mechanics, D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., Princeton,
New Jersey.
2. Terzaghi, K. 1997. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
3. Mckeyes, E. 1989. Agricultural Engineering Soil Mechanics. Elsevier New York.
4. Smith, G.N. 1990. Elements of Soil Mechanics. BSP Professional Books, Oxford.
ID-508 Ground Water Hydrology 3 (2-1)
Introduction: Basic concepts of Ground Water and Soil water, Types of subsurface water, Water
Potential, Aquifer types, Soil water movement and Ground water movement, Forms and origins
of Ground water, Aquifer functions, Porosity, Storage coefficient, Hydraulic conductivity,
transmissivity.
25
Ground Water Movement: Darcy’s Law and its applications, Observation wells, Peizometers,
Flow nets, Streamlines, Equipotential lines, Steady and non-steady flow.
Contamination in Ground Water (The teacher will elaborate this topic to the students)
Well Hydraulics: Steady flow in confined and un-confined aquifers, Steady flow in confined
with uniform recharge, Unsteady flow in un-confined aquifer, Wells near aquifer boundaries,
Multiple well system, Specific capacity, Well losses, Well efficiency and aquifer testing.
Construction of Tube Wells: Well drilling methods, selecting and setting of screens, design and
placing of gravel pack, methods of well development, Tube well performance tests.
Practicals:
1. Water level measurements by electrical sounding.
2. Determination of groundwater flow rates and direction.
3. Determination of well losses and well efficiency.
4. Design of gravel packing for specific conditions.
5. Determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers.
6. Demonstration of an available groundwater computer model.
Suggested Readings:
1. Johnson, 1988. “Ground Water & Wells” Johson and Co. USA
2. Ranghunath, H.M. 1987. “Ground Water” Willy Eastern Ltd. Singapur
3. Bouwer, H. 1996. “Ground water Hydrology” Mc Graw Hill Inc. New York
4. Ahmad, N. 1985. “Ground water Resources of Pakistan” Shahzad Nazir
Publisher, Gulberg-III, Lahore
ID-601 Irrigation Engineering 3(2-1)
Objectives:
 To enrich the students with the importance, development and management issues of
irrigation network of Pakistan
 Application of various field application methods, design of irrigation channels through
different approaches.
Contents:
Introduction: Definition, necessity of irrigation, water resource and irrigation system of Pakistan,
Indus Basin Treaty, water budget of Pakistan
Water Requirement of Crops: Functions of irrigation, preparation land for irrigation, crop period,
base period, duty and delta, relationship between duty and delta, factors affecting duty, depth and
frequencies of irrigation, Kharif-Rabi ratio, optimization of irrigation water, irrigation efficiency,
uniformity coefficient, consumptive use of water, effective rainfall, net irrigation requirements,
gross irrigation requirement, estimation of consumption use, Blaney Criddle, Hargreaves
Methods, assessment of irrigation water wharges
Methods of Irrigation: Classification of irrigation methods, factors affecting the choice of
irrigation methods, surface methods, sub-surface irrigation methods
Hydraulic Structures: Introduction: Dams, weirs, and barrages. Classification of dams, Gravity
dams, Forces acting on a gravity dam, Modes of failure, Principal and shear stresses, Stability
analysis, Elementary profile of a gravity dam, Practical profile of a gravity dam, Limiting height
of a gravity dam, Profile of high masonry gravity dam.
Water conveyance structures: Introduction: Canals, distributaries, minors, and water courses. ,
Basic definitions, alignment of canal, water distribution system, required canal capacity, seepage
losses, empirical formula for channel Losses, channel section for minimum seepage losses.
Design of irrigation channels: Design of stable channel, regime channels, Kennedy’s theory,
Lacey’s theory, estimation of transported sediment, bed load equations, design procedure for
unlined non-erodible irrigation channel, maintenance of irrigation channels
Practicals:
1. Study of characteristics of various irrigation structures in the near by area.
2. Design and layout of a canal for a given command.
3. A field visit to canal irrigation system and structures.
4. Design of outlets.
26
5. Computer aided design of a watercourse for a command area.
6. Sampling and measurement of sediments in canal water.
Suggested Readings:
1. Irrigation Engineering & Hydraulic Structures by Santosh Kumar, Garg, 10th revised
Edition, 1993
2. Irrigation & Water Power Engineering by Dr. B.C. Punmia, Dr. Pande B.B. Lal
3. Siddiqui, I. H. 2003. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. Royal Book Company, BG-
Rex Centre Fatima Jinnah Road, Karachi.
4. Iqbal Ali. 2001. Irrigation Engineering, Oxford University Press, London.
5. Withers, Bruce & Vipond, S. 1980. Irrigation Design and Practice, Batsford Academic
and Education Limited London.
6. Aisenbrey, A.J., Hayes, R.B., Warren, H.J., and Young, R.B., 1983. Design of small
canal structures, USBR, Denver Colorado, USA.
7. Ahmad, N. and Chaudhry, G.R. 1988. Irrigated Agriculture of Pakistan, Shahzad Nazir
Publisher, Gulberg-III, Lahore.
8. Ahmad, N. 1993. Water Resources of Pakistan, Shahzad Nazir Publisher, Gulberg-III,
Lahore.
9. Michal, A.M. 2003. Irrigation Theory and Practice, Vikas Publishing House (Pvt) New
Delhi, India.Arora, R.K. Irrigation and Water Power Engineering.
ID-602 Drainage Engineering 3(2-1)
Objectives:
Providing knowledge and skills required on drainage systems, types, requirements and design of
drainage systems, operation & maintenance.
Contents:
Introduction: Definition of agricultural drainage, drainage system terms, scope and benefits.
Elements of drainage design, types of drainage problems, differences in drainage in humid and
arid areas, crop requirements. Surface and Subsurface drainage principles, theories of open
drain/ditch and subsurface drainage systems, design criteria.
Drainage Investigations: Reconnaissance. Preliminary survey. Design survey. Investigations for
surface and subsurface drainage. Auger hole test, Piezometer test. Single well draw down test.
Shallow well pump test. Ring permeameter test. Test pit method. Test for determining infiltration
rate.
Drainage Requirements: Plant processes. Raw materials, Plant structure, Factors controlling
production. The soil environment and aeration requirement. Diagnosis and improvement of salt
affected soils, Plant response to salinity, Soil response to excess water and salinity, Situation in
which drainage problems exist.
Drainage System: Investigation procedure, Moisture holding capacity in the root zone, annual
irrigation schedule, deep percolation from irrigation, sources causing high water table conditions,
determination of barrier zone and drain locations.
Surface Drainage: Surface drainage system, type and functions of surface drainage ditches, land
forming, joint surface and subsurface drainage system.
Sub-Surface Drainage: Planning subsurface drainage system, Use of vertical drainage system.
Design, installation, and construction of subsurface drains, Maintenance of buried drains. Open
ditches for drainage. Interceptor and mole drains; Design and construction.
Operation and Maintenance of Drainage System: Buried Pipe drainage system, open drainage
system, drainage water disposal ponds, drainage observation well, policy and basic requirements,
weed control and embankment stability.
Practicals:
1. Verification of Darcy’s Law by laboratory methods
2. Measurement of seepage losses.
3. Determination of water table,
4. Saturated hydraulic conductivity by piezometers,
5. Auger hole, planning of a subsurface drainage system and outlet with design of a
sump;
27
6. Visit of Drainage Projects.
7. Computation of leaching requirement and drainage coefficient of a drainage basin.
8. Total coliform test in drinking water by multiple fermentation tube method.
Suggested Readings:
1. Siddique, I. (2009). Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Oxford University Press.
2. Luthins, J. N. (1978). Drainage Engineering, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company
Huntington, New York.
3. Drainage Manual. (1978). First Edition. A Water Resource Technical Publication U.S.
Deptt. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington.
4. Ahmad, N. (1993). Drainage of Irrigated Lands of Pakistan, Miraj Din Press, Urdu
Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.
ID-603 Farm Irrigation Systems 3 (2-1)
Farm Irrigation Systems and Systems Design Fundamentals: Functions of farm irrigation
systems, Types of farm irrigation systems such as diversion methods, conveyance methods, and
application methods, Design of farm irrigation systems, Data for design, Water source evaluation
and determination of daily design requirements.
Crop Water Requirements: Plant soil relationship, Evapotranspiration, Determination of
evapotranspiration and irrigation scheduling.
Surface Irrigation: Different methods of surface irrigation, furrow irrigation, border irrigation
and basin irrigation, Surface irrigation process, Effectiveness of surface irrigation i.e. uniformity,
application efficiency etc. Design of surface irrigation system, Infiltration data for surface
irrigation, Design of furrow, border and basin irrigation systems.
Sprinkle Irrigation System: Advantages and disadvantages of the system, Types of sprinkle
system, Components of sprinkle system, Design of set-move including its layout, number of
lateral operated per irrigation set and sprinkle selection.
Trickle Irrigation: Advantages and disadvantages of trickle irrigation, Problems associated with
trickle irrigation, Trickle irrigation methods, Trickle irrigation system components, Trickle
irrigation laterals, Mainlines and manifolds, Control heads and control of trickle irrigation
clogging.
Practicals:
1. Design and layout of surface irrigation methods for a given field.
2. Field evaluation of surface irrigation system.
3. Design and evaluation of sprinkler irrigation system for a given field.
4. Design and evaluation of drip irrigation system
5. Evaluation of surface irrigation system using appropriate computer
6. Software (BASCAD etc.)
7. Preparing irrigation schedule of cropped field.
Suggested Readings:
1. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Sminth, M. (1998) Crop evapotranspiration,
Guideline for computing water requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage paper No 56,
2. James, L. G. (1988). Principles of Farm Irrigation System Design. John Wiley and Sons,
New York.
3. Walker, W. R. and G. V. Skoegerboe, (1987). Surface Irrigation Theory and Practices.
Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
4. Bliesner, R.D., Keller, J. (2001) Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation, The Blackburn Press.
5. Hoffman, G.J., Evans, R.G., Jensen, M.E., and Martin, D.L. (2007) Design and Operation
of Farm Irrigation Systems, 2nd Edition, ASAE.
28
ID-604 GIS & Remote Sensing 3(2-1)
Objective:
Understanding basic principles of Global Information System (GIS) & Remote Sensing (RS),
and their applications in the field of agricultural engineering.
Contents:
Displaying Data: Creating map, Adding tabular data to a map, Symbolizing data. Labeling,
Charting and Map projection. Layout.
Querying Data: Getting attributes of features, Attribute of particular feature, Feature near other,
Fall inside polygon, Intersect other feature. Aggregation of data.
Data Creation: Creating and editing spatial data. Registration and digitization. Working with
images and aerial photographs. Working with CAD in GIS environment.
Analyzing Data for Specific Purposes: Creating suitability map for various purposes. Soil,
rainfall and water pollution map for various parameters. Use of GRID data for groundwater
sources.
Creation of Surface Model: Creating 3D shapes. Advanced visualization. Representing surfaces
with TINs. Creation of TINs. Creation of Slope and Aspect theme. Making contours lines.
Analyzing surface runoff patterns. Measuring areas and volumes.
Practicals:
1. Land use/Land cover,
2. water quality monitoring,
3. land degradation,
4. monitoring of environmental pollution,
5. crop production,
6. water resources,
7. weather analysis and forecasting.
Suggested Readings:
1. Arc View 3.x, Arc GIS 9.3 and Map Info
2. ERDAS Imagine 9.1 and Differential GPS set.
3. Panda B.C. 2004. Remote Sensing: Principle and Application. Viva Books (Pvt.) Ltd.
New Dehli
4. John R. J. 2006. Remote Sensing of the Environment. Pearson Education. New Delhi
5. Keith, C.C. , Bredley O. Parts and Michael P.C.. 2004. Geographic
6. Information Systems and Environmental Modelling.
7. Johan R. Jensen, 2006. Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource
Perspective, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
ID-605 Water Quality Management 3(2-1)
Introduction: Definition and concepts, irrigation and drainage water quality, water quality
terminology, water quality objectives, quality criteria and standards for irrigation water
carcinogenic/non carcinogenic substances, water quality status in Pakistan.
Water treatment: Water pollution and their sources, water treatment techniques i.e. coagulation,
softening, mixing and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration etc.
Draingage Effluents and Management Techniques: Sources of drainage water, characteristics,
quality of drainage water, alternates for disposal of drainage water drainage water reuse
techniques, crop management, soil management techniques, chemical management techniques,
drainage and leaching fractions, concepts of preferential flow.
Agricultural chemicals and Groundwater Contamination: Agricultural chemical, their uses,
trends and properties concept of nitrate nitrogen and pesticides transport; through the soils,
behavior of agricultural chemicals in flooded/water logged soils, management practices to avoid
groundwater contamination.
Practicals:
1. Analysis of drainage water for irrigation purposes.
2. Waste water analysis for BOP, COD and other chemicals.
3. Visit to waste water treatment plants, drainage system and drainage reuse sites
29
4. Use of computer software to assess non-point source pollution.
Suggested Readings:
1. Mckenzie L. David A. Cornwell 2006. Introduction to Environmental Engineering.
2. Ruth F. W. 2007. Environmental Engineering, Elsevier, New Delhi
3. Tyagi, O.D. and M. Mehar, 1990. Environmental Chemistry, Report No.103.
Agriculture and groundwater quality. Form Council for Agricultural Science and
Technology.
ID-606 Irrigation Water Management Techniques 3(2-1)
Introduction: Concept of water management and its developments in Pakistan, components of

water management. Water distribution: Irrigation system management, warabandi-types, rotation
system advantages and disadvantages, constraints of warabandi.
Soil-water plant Relationship: Soil moisture and its types, soil moisture characteristics, field
capacity, wilting point, total available water, management allowed deficit, infiltration rate,
hydraulic conductivity.
Efficiencies: Definition, conveyance, application and storage efficiencies, irrigation efficiency,
irrigation system efficiency. Land Leveling: Importance of land leveling in water management,
topographic survey, system layout, determining cuts and fills, land leveling equipment,
laser land leveling and use of total station. Discharge Measurement: Units of measurement,
equipment and methods of measurement, interpretation of discharge data, water losses.
Watercourse Design and Maintenance: Hydraulics of open channel flow, flow profiles, design of
watercourse for a command, watercourse structures, cleaning and maintenance of watercourses.
Watercourse Construction: Construction requirements and procedure, materials for
construction, construction machinery, cost of watercourse lining and improvement. Lining of
Watercourse: Materials of lining, lining techniques, cost estimate of lining
Practicals:
1. Determination of field capacity and wilting points of a soil sample.
2. Land leveling of a given field and cost estimate.
3. Field visits of earthen and lined water courses.
4. Flow measurement in a watercourse and interpretation of data.
Suggested Readings:
1. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998. Crop
evapotranspiration (Guidelines for computing crop water requirements),
FAO 56, Rome, Italy.
2. OFWM. 1991. OFWM Field Manual 1-4, Federal Water Management
Cell. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3. Jensen, M.E, 1981, Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation System.
ASAE, Monograph, USA
ID-608 Project Planning and Management 3(2-1)
Project Planning, Scheduling and Controlling by Deterministic Models: project planning

activities, Rectangular bar chart, CPM, developing a critical path schedule, determining the
minimum total cost of a project, Manual versus computer analysis of critical path methods,
preparing a execution schedule, scheduling resources, delivering Materials, scheduling laborers,
Financing the project, Job layout, Project control during construction, keeping equipment
records, Project supervision. construction cost control, cost control records. Project Planning,
Scheduling and Controlling by Probabilistic Models: PERT project Evaluation & Review
Technique, Statistical tools as mean variance. Standard Deviation. Probability distribution, beta
courses, center limit, Use of computer software in project management and planning. claims and
arbitration: claims, escalation, indexation, arbitration and litigation. Factors Affecting the
Selection of Equipment and Tools: standard types of equipment, special equipment, the cost of
owning and operating equipment, depreciation cost, straight line depreciation, decline balance
method, sum of the year, digit method, Investment costs, operating costs, economical life of
construction equipment, cost of depreciation and replacement, Maintenance and repair costs,
30
down time costs, economical cost of equipment, sources of construction equipment. .labour
problems, labour organization, prevention and settlement of disputes.
Practical
Preparing a PC-I project proposal for a small irrigation project
Suggested Readings:
1. Guidelines of the Planning Commission on Project Planning Execution and
monitoring.
2. Kerzner, H. (2009) Project Management: A system Approach to Planning, Scheduling
and Controlling, Wiley, ISBN-100470278706
SEE-301 Engineering Drawing & Graphics 2(1-1)
Objective:
 To enable the students to prepare agricultural and structural drawings manually as well as
using computer.
Introduction:
Introduction to engineering drawing, various types of lines, basic geometrical constructions,
conic sections, theory of orthographic projection, dimensioning & lettering, Introduction to
tolerance, projections off points, projections of straight lines, Projections of planes and solids in
simple position, sectioning of solids, Isometric projections, development of surfaces.
Practicals:
1. Introduction to drawing instruments and their use, various scales,
2. practice of orthographic projection missing lines in orthographic projection,
3. Drawing three views of different objects,
4. Practice of Dimensioning and Lettering,
5. Practice of Sectioning,
6. Conversion of orthographic projection into isometric view,
7. Creating drawings of Engineering Fasteners like Rivets, Cotters Joints, threads etc.
Suggested Readings:
1. French, T.E. and Vierch, C.J. 2000. A Manual of Engineering Drawing, McGraw Hill
Book Co. New York.
2. Mikey P.G. and E.W. Zimmers. 2006. CAD/Cam computer Aided Design and
Manufacturing. Pearson Education. New Dehli.
Parkinson A.C. 1998. A First year Engineering Drawing, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd.,
England.
3. McMahon and Browne, 2001, CADCAM: Principles, practice and manufacturing
management, Addison Wesley Longman (Singapore)Pte.Ltd.,India Branch
4. Jeyapoovan T., 2005. Engineering Drawing & Garaphics using AutoCAD, Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
SEE-302 Engineering Mechanics 3(2-1)
Concept of measurement of mass, force, time and space, Systems of units, Fundamentals &
Derived units, Conversion of units, required Accuracy of results, General Principles of Statics,
Vector addition, Subtraction and Products, Resultant of Distributed (Linear & Non-linear) force
Systems, General conditions of equilibrium of Co-planer forces, Laws of Triangle, Parallelogram
and Polygon of forces, Types of beams, Supports and Loads, Simple cases of Axial forces, Shear
forces and Bending Moment diagrams, Problem involving friction on Flat surfaces, Geometrical
Properties of Plane Areas, Work, Energy, Power, Impulse, Momentum, Conservation of
Momentum and Energy, Rectilinear and Curvilinear motions, Tangential and Normal
Components of Acceleration, Simple Harmonic motion
Practicals:
1. To verify the law of polygon of forces,
2. the law of parallelogram of forces,
31
3. the principles of moments,
4. the co-efficient of friction between surfaces.
5. Special numerical problems and assignments.
6. Moment of inertia of fly wheel mounted on wall and a wooden block by suspension.
7. Efficiency of various models of machines.
8. Modulus of rigidity of metal bar by static and dynamic methods.
9. Special numerical problems and assignments.
Suggested Readings:
1. Bansal R.K., 2004 Engineering Mechanics and strength of materials,Mehar Offset press,
New Delhi, India.
2. Khurmi R.S. 2006. Strength of Materials, Rajandar Ravindra Printers (Pvt) Ltd., New
Delhi India.
3. Kumar, K. L., 2006. Engineering Mechanics Third addition, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi India.
4. Meriam, J.L. and L.G. Kraige. 2005. Engineering Mechanics. Vol. I, Statics. John Willy
and Sons, Co., New York.
5. Mukherjee, S. and A.R. 2011. Elements of Engineering mechanics. PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd., India.
6. Singal, S. 2009. Engineering Mechanics. I. K. International (Pvt) Ltd., India.
7. Singer, F.L. 2000. Engineering Mechanics. Harper and Row Publishers, New York, USA.
SEE-304 Computer Aided Design 2(1-1)
Drawing Sketches. Working with drawing Aids. Basic Dimensioning and Tolerancing. Model
Space view ports, Paper space view ports and Layouts. Plotting Drawing. Hatching Drawing.
Working with Blocks. Working with Advanced Drawing Options. Technical Drawing with
AutoCAD. Isometric Drawing. The User Coordinate System. Getting Started with 3D. Creating
Solid Models. AutoCAD on the Internet
Practicals
Drawing and working problems on AutoCAD Mechanical Power Pack Package
Suggested Readings:
1. Autocad 2004. Autocad Mechanical Power Pack, Autodesk New York, USA.
2. AutoCAD 2005 A problem –Solving Approach Autodesk Press Sham Tickoo.
SEE-402 Mechanics of Materials 3(2-1)
Stress and strains: Stress at a point, components of stress, analysis of plane stress, principle
stresses, maximum shear stress, Mohr’s circle. Axial loading: Stress due to axial forces, strain,
properties of material under axial loading. Bending: Bending stress in beams, shear and bending
moment diagrams. Combined loading: Stresses due to axial, bending and torsional loading.
Deflection: Moment curvature relationship, deflection of beams by the method of double
integration. Deflection of beams: Double integration method with singularity function, area
moment method, torsion: shearing stress and angle of twist, hollow and circular shafts.
Buckling; pin ended column, eccentrically loaded column, initially curved column, critical loads
and critical stresses. Curved beans, stresses in curved bars, cylinder and spheres: stresses in thin
and thick walled cylinders, Fatigue loading analysis and design.
Practicals:
1. Practical exercises related to axial loaded,
2. bending torsions and deflection of beams.
3. Buckling curved bars, strain gauges and fatigue loading,
4. special numerical problems and assignments.
Suggested Readings:
1. Gere, J.M. and B.J. Goodno. 2012. Mechanics of Materials. Cengage Learning.
2. James M. Gere, Barry J. Goodno. 2011. Mechanics of Materials. Cengage Learning.
32
3. Hannah J. and R. C. Stephens, 1999. Mechanics of Materials: Advance theory and
Examples, Vinod Vasishtha, India.
4. Muvdi, B.B. and J.W. Mcnabb. 2001. Engineering Mechanics of Materials. Macmillan
Publishing co. New York.
5. Sarkar B. K. 2006. Strength of Materials, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Pvt. Ltd. New,
Delhi.
SEE-501 Surveying & Leveling 4(2-2)
Objectives:
• To enable students to understand theory and practice of land surveying and leveling.
• To develop skills to use modern survey instruments for above objective.
Contents:
Introduction: Surveying instruments; Chains, Tapes, Steel Bands, their Types and Uses
Chain Surveying: Ranging and chaining of survey Lines. Fieldwork and plotting of chain survey.
Compass Surveying : Prismatic Compass and Surveyor Compass, Uses, Bearing, Local
Attraction, Fieldwork and Plotting
Plane Table Surveying: Parts and Accessories, Methods of Surveying, Two Point and Three
Point Problems
Leveling :General Principle, Types of Levels and their temporary and Permanent Adjustments,
Methods of Leveling, Reduction of Level, Precise Leveling and Trignometric Leveling
Theodolite: Types and uses of Theodolites, Temporary and Permanent Adjustments,
Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical angles
Tachometrical Surveying: Methods of Tachometric Surveying. Fieldwork and computations.
Traversing: Traversing with Prismatic Compass, Theodolite and Plane Table, Computations and
Adjustments of Traverse, Transformation of Co-ordinates
Omitted Measurements: Calculation of Areas and Volume, Earth work calculation, D.M.D
method, Simpson rule and Trapezoidal rule
Practicals:
1. Practice on measurement of distances and introduction to measuring instruments
2. Chain Surveying and plotting
3. Compass Traversing
4. Plane Table by methods of radiations and intersections
5. Two Points Problem
6. Three Points Problem
7. Level adjustments by Two-Peg method
8. Profile and Cross-Sectioning
9. Theodolite Traversing
Suggested Readings:
1. Brinker, A.C. and Taylor, W.C. 2002. Elementary Surveying. International Text Book
Co. Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA.
2. Ramsay, J.P. Wilson. 2000. Land Surveying. Macdonald and Evans Ltd. Estover,
Plymouth PL 6 7PZ.
3. . Gpoi, Madhu and Sathikumar, 2007. Advanced Surveying, Dorling Kindersley (india)
Pvt.Ltd.
4. Alak D.E., 2000. Plane Surveying, Rajendra Ravindra Prints (Pvt).LTD. New Dehli.
5. Duggal S. K., 2006. Serveying volume 2, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Ltd.
New Delhi.
SEE-502 Farm Structures & Materials 3(2-1)
Objectives:
 To develop ability of students to understand and carry out specified farm structure
 To familiarize about the characteristics of material used in agricultural engineering
related structured
Contents:
33
Heat flow through Walls Insulation: Rate of heat transmission through building materials,
conductance, combined conductance coefficient, Equation for heat flow through non-
homogenous walls, combined ceiling and roof coefficient.
Ventilation: Air flow and quantity of moisture, Air flow required in heat transfer, Estimating Air
flow required to prevent condensation, Air flow required to maintain prescribed chemical
composition, Heat balance equation, Exposure ratio, Ventilating systems, Ventilation by Wind
forces, Stack ventilation Systems, Construction practices, Forced draft systems.
Dairy Building: Functional planning, Environment, Sanitation, Space requirements for animals
and traffic, arrangement of space, Other considerations, Milking Parlors, Pen vs Stall Barns,
Storage or feed, Milk and manure etc, Insulation and ventilation.
Poultry Housing: Functional planning, Production practices, Environment, Space requirements,
Arrangement or space, Insulation and ventilation, other considerations.
Storage of Fruits and Vegetable Crops: Condition for storage, Refrigerated vs Common Storage,
Economic aspects of storage, Characteristics of Common storage, Refrigerated storage,
Refrigerating Load, Modified Atmosphere Storage, Types of Evaporators, Coil Temperature vs
Relative Humidity and Equipment capacity, Air movement, Storage management.
Storage of Grains: Destructive agents, Respiration of grains, Indices of quality, Moisture and
Temperature changes in stored grains, Moisture properties of grains, Functional requirements,
Conditioning moist grains, Storage structure, Equipment for grain handling and processing.
Practicals:
1. To draw the layout plan of old and new agricultural engineering workshop.
2. Different materials used in farm structure their properties and their requirement.
3. To draw the layout plan of dairy farm and its requirements.
4. To draw the layout plan of horse farm and its requirement.
5. To draw the layout plan of poultry farm and its requirement.
6. Design problems of farm structures and godowns.
7. Numerical problems related to capacity of farms, size of farm.
8. Numerical problems related to agricultural processing.
9. Design problems of grain storage structures.
10. Storage of milk and its processing at dairy farm and numerical problems related to it.
11. Animal shelters in farm their types and size according to the size of animal.
12. Cost estimation of farms.
Suggested Readings:
1. French T.E. 2010. Agricultural Drawing and design of farm structures. Nabu Publisher,
USA
2. Kruegher W.C. 2011. Farm Structures and Equipments-with information on farm house,
wells, water piping, , heating System and livestock Houses. Kent Press, Canada
3. Branes, Amaurice M. and Mander C., 2000, Farm Building Construction, Farming Press,
England.
SEE-503 Environmental Engineering 3(2-1)

Objectives:
 Teaching various aspects of environmental science and engineering.
 To familiarize students with the basic principles of environmental engineering.
Contents:
Basic definitions, Importance of environmental control in agriculture, Pollution and their
classification, Environmental monitoring and control.
Water Pollution: Irrigation water quality, criteria and standard. Sources and types of pollution,
agricultural practices and water pollution, solute transport phenomenon, judicious use of water to
avoid leaching, land and water management techniques for controlling water pollution, subsoil
contamination
Air Pollution: Types of air pollutants, sources of air pollution, global warming, ozone depletion,
hazardous substances, World's carbon pollution. Horizontal and vertical dispersion of pollutants,
cleaning the atmosphere, measurements of particulates, gases and their control.
Noise Pollution: Sound pressure level, frequency and propagation, Acoustic environment and
health effects of noise, measuring noise, noise control.
34
Practicals:
1. Measurements of pH. colour, odour, BOD, COD, solids, nitrate of water and waste water
etc.
2. Design of Green House and Plant Environment Control System.
3. Measurement of dust and fume in the air.
4. Measurement of noise level.
5. Case studies exercises and assignments.
6. Total coliform test in drinking water by multiple fermentation tube method.
Suggested Readings:
1. Agarwal, S.K. 2002. Pollution Management V Noise Pollution.
2. Basak, N. N. 2003. Environmental Engineering.
3. Bhatia, S.C. 2001. Environmental Pollution Control in Chemical Industries.
4. Khandela, M.C. 2004. Environmental Protection & Development
5. Kumar, A. 2004. Industrial Pollution and Management
6. Masters, G.M. 2004. Introduction to Environmental Engineering.
7. Neelima R. and D.K. Markandey. 2005. Environmental Analysis and Instrumentation.
8. Man Chand Khandela, 2004, Environmental Protection and Development, Aavishkar
Publishers, India.
SEE-504 Water Supply and Sewerage 3(2-1)
Introduction: overview of water supply and sanitation in Pakistan; Health Aspects of Water
Supply and Sanitation; Water availability standards. Water Supply: sources of water, Choices of
water sources (spring, wells etc) and their protection. Design and construction of Tubewells, Dug
wells and handpumps.
Forecasting population, Consumption for various purposes, Factor effecting consumption,
Analysis Impurities in water, Physical tests, chemical tests, Bacteriological tests. Economics of
community water supply, Planning and design of low cost water supply schemes. Water
Treatment and Distribution : sedimentation tank, Coagulation, Flocculation, Usual coagulants,
Mixing devices, Filtration, Filter sand, Classification of filters, disinfections, Chlorination.
Sanitation: purpose of sanitation, Site for sewage treatment work, Water borne and helminth
diseases and their control, Health and water chemistry, Planning and design of low cost
sanitation. Composting and biogas, sanitation and irrigation, Agriculture and aqua cultural reuse.
Practicals:
1. Assessment of water supply demand of a community
2. Design of a water supply project Determination of physical, and chemical characteristics
of drinking water
3. Determination of Bacteriological characteristics (Coliform count) of water and waste
water
4. Visit to a drinking water treatment plant.
Suggested Readings:
1. Prescott, A. 2010 Sewerage: The Designing, Construction and Maintenance of Sewerage
Systems. New York, John Wiley and Sons
2. Stephens. 2009. Sewage Treatment Uses, Process and Impact. Nova Sciences Publishers,
UK
3. Steel, W. Ernest. 1999. Water supply and Sewerage. McGraw Hill Book Co. USA.
SEE-505 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimation 3(2-1)
Scope: Scope of civil engineering works; General practice in government departments for
schedule of rates and specifications; Rate analysis; Specifications for various items of
construction.
35
Bill of Quantities (B.O.Q) & Measurement Book (M.B): Types and methods of estimates,
Working out quantities, rates and cost analysis of construction materials; Valuation, depreciation
and sinking fund.
Contents and preparation of bills of quantities for different projects like irrigation, roads,
sanitary, building etc. and maintaining of Measurement Books. Measurement, specification
and costing of excavation and back filling, mass concrete retaining walls, beams, concrete piles,
steel or wooden truss or steel framed gantry, estate road, sewer and water main pipe works,
Priced bill of quantity.
Tendering: Preparation of civil engineering contracts and tender documents. Introduction to

claims and conflicts resolution e.g. escalation, indexation, arbitration and litigation.
Practical:
Evaluation of proposals and contracts.
Suggested Readings:
1. E.W. Steel and Terence J. Mc GHEE, Estimating & Costing,
2. S. Dutta, Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering, 22ndPP ed. S. Dutta &Co. Lakhnow
3. D.D.Kohli, Estimating, Costing and Accounts, 9thPP ed. S.Chand & Co. PvtLtd.
4. Keith Collier, Fundamentals of construction. Estimating & Cost Accounting, Mc Graw
Hill Book Co.
SEE-506 Meteorology and Climate Change 3(2-1)
The Principles, Aims and Scope, Elements of Climate and Weather. Dynamics of Earth’s
Atmosphere. Radiation and Heating of the Atmospheric System, Atmospheric Moisture. The
Dynamics of Pressure and Wind Systems, Condensation and the Precipitation Process, Seasonal
Variations in Temperature Daylight, Radiation, Seasonal Variation in Rainfall and Evaporation.
Equipment and Maintenance of a Standard Meteorological Station, Measurement of Air
Pressure, Wind Speed, Wind; Direction, Radiation and Sunshine Duration.
Measurement of Evaporation and Evapotranspiration and the Maintenance of a Standard
Meteorological Station, Climate and Agriculture in the Tropics.
Practicals:
Determination of Pressure, Temperature, Humidity, Sunshine hours, Precipitation, Wet and Dry
bulb thermometer and other weather parameters in a weather station.
Suggested Readings:
1. Ayoade, J.O. (2004).Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics. Ibadan: Spectrum
Books Limited.
2. Ayoade, J.O.(2002).Introduction to Agro Climatology. Ibadan: Vantage Publishers.
3. Vinay K. (2009). Metrology and Measurement. Tata McGraw Hill Ltd. New Delhi
4. Ojo,O.et al (2001) .Fundamentals of Physical and Dynamic Climatology Lagos:SEDEC
Publishers.
SEE-507 Environmental Management System in Industry 3(3-0)
Environmental Management System, benefits of an EMS, ISO 14000, principles behind the
ISO 14000 series, trade issues associated with ISO 14000, ISO 14001 audits, Guidelines for
Self-monitoring and Reporting by the Industry , Guidelines for Industrial Effluents and Gaseous
Emissions, Categorization Of Industries, Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997),
Legislation For Environmental Control. Cleaner Production Techniques for Industries.
Suggested Readings:
1. Crognale, G. 1999. Environmental Management Strategies: The 21st Century
Perspective. Air and Waste Management Association, Sewickley, PA , USA.
2. Patrol L. 2010. Environmental Management System. Pearson Education, New Delhi.
3. ISO 14000 Standards Manual
36
4. Pak EPA Act, 1997
SEE-601 Landscape Engineering 3(2-1)

Theory:
Introduction, importance of landscaping, gardening and its design, principles and elements of
landscape design, landscape design materials, types of designs; formal and informal garden
designs, Chinese and Japanese gardening, rockeries, terrace, roof and water gardens, plants
suitable for various designs, landscape designs for public and private buildings, parks and
playgrounds etc., highway and roadside plantations, developmental cost estimates for landscape.
Practicals:
1. Visits to different parks and gardens,
2. landscape designs for private and community houses, schools, colleges, universities,
municipal and national parks, industrial areas and roadsides;
3. establishing various types of gardens.
Suggested Readings:
1. Preece R.A. 2000. Design on the landscape. CBS Publisher, New Dehli.
2. William M.M. 2010. Landscape Planning Environmental Applications Wiley publisher,
USA
3. Arora, J.S. 1992. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
4. Khan, M.A. and T.A. Bader. 1992. Landscape Designs, Student Manual. University
Printing Press, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. .
5. Raj, D. 2002. Floriculture and Landscaping. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi.
SEE-602 Water Quality and Pollution 3(2-1)
Introduction: Definition and concepts, irrigation and drainage water quality, water quality
terminology, water quality objectives, quality criteria and standards for irrigation water
carcinogenic/non carcinogenic substances, water quality status in Pakistan.
Water treatment: Water pollution and their sources, water treatment techniques i.e. coagulation,
softening, mixing and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration etc.
Drainage Effluents and Management Techniques: Sources of drainage water, characteristics,

quality of drainage water, alternates for disposal of drainage water drainage water reuse
techniques, crop management, soil management techniques, chemical management techniques,
drainage and leaching fractions, concepts of preferential flow.
Agricultural chemicals and Groundwater Contamination: Agricultural chemical, their uses,

trends and properties concept of nitrate nitrogen and pesticides transport ;through the soils,
behavior of agricultural chemicals in flooded/water logged soils, management practices to avoid
groundwater contamination.
Practicals:
1. Analysis of drainage water for irrigation purposes.
2. Waste water analysis for BOP, COD and other chemicals.
3. Visit to waste water treatment plants, drainage system and drainage
reuse sites Use of computer software to assess non-point source pollution.
Suggested Readings:
1. Mckenzie L. David A. Cornwell 2004. Introduction to Environmental
Engineering.
2. Ronald R. D. 2005. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Wiley
and Sons Ltd. Canada
3. Mark J. H. and M.J. Hammer. 2003. Water and wastewater Technologies. Prentic hal
of India. New Dehli.
37
SEE-603 Solid and Wastewater Treatment 3(2-1)
Introduction to water supply and wastewater. Why to treat water and wastewater. Water quality
parameters and standards. Sedimentastion and flocculation, Filtration, Chemical treatment and
softening; chemical treatment-adsorption and ion exchange. Disinfection, Wastewater screening,
primary treatment, biological reaction kenetics, stabilization ponds. Activated sludge treatment.
Trickling filters, biological contractors, nutrient removal sludge handling and sludge digestion.
Modern methods of water purification and treatment.
Practicals:
1. Visit of small, medium and large water treatment plants and writing of a report on the
functioning and maintenance of the plants.
2. Visit of wastewater treatment plants in urban areas and writing a report of the visit of
plants.
Suggested Readings:
1. Metcalf and Eddy. 2005. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company limited, New Dehli
2. Mara, D. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London, UK:
Earthscan, 2003. ISBN: 1844070190.
3. Viessman, W., Jr., and M. J. Hammer. Water Supply and Pollution Control. 7th ed.
Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. ISBN:
0131409700.
4. Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Hoboken, NJ:
Wiley & Sons, 1997. ISBN: 0471124443.
SEE-604 Rural Electrification 3(2-1)
Objective:
 To develop understanding regarding the concept / design of rural electrification project
and it usage in various agro based activates, farm structure and house etc.
Content:
Benefits of electricity in agriculture, elementary transmissions and distribution, transformation
voltage; basic principles, ratio of transformation, iron and copper losses; regulation, auto-
transformers, 3-phase transformers, delta star connections, scot connection, constructional
features and cooling of transformers; Electrical wiring practices: farmstead and farm houses;
Radiation: types of radiation and application in agriculture; Resistance heating: units advantages
and applications; Sensing elements and fundamentals of control: response to environmental
factor like temperature, pressure, humidity, radiation etc. Selection of motors: single and three
phase; Selection of electrical wires and distribution types; Electrical wiring, electrical
distribution systems, electrical panel boards, one-way and two-way wirings/connections, single
phase and three phase connections.
Electricity Fundamentals: Nature of electric current, resistance and voltage, effect of temperature
on resistance, specific resistance, Ohm’s Law, units of power, arrangements of resister in series
and parallel, Kirchoff’s Laws.
Electric Machines:DC Machines, AC Machines , Transformers,
Electric Instruments: Introduction to electric instruments, types & application of different electric
instruments (Potentio-meter, strain gauges, electric transducers)
Farmstead Distribution System: Electric load, types of distribution centers, locating the
distribution center, selection of wire for feeder lines.
Electricity for Water Supply and Cooling: Horsepower required for pumping, wiring devices and
control, energy cost of water system, refrigeration cycle and refrigeration Control, calculating the
product load and space load.
Electricity for Heating: Advantages & disadvantages of electric heating, electric heating
elements, electric heating equipment, under heat brooders, infrared brooders, electric hot bed.
Electrical Control and Special Equipments: Switches, relays, push buttons, thermostats, time
switches, floating switches, pressure switches, milk cooler, electric fences & feed processing
equipments.
38
Practicals:
1. Safety and precautionary measures of use of electrical appliances in the machinery
workshop and field.
2. Study of construction of panels of wiring systems.
3. Study of transformer types.
4. Use of motors for different operations in the machinery workshop at farm buildings.
5. Practice on repair and adjustment of electrical alliances. (motors, switches, fuses etc)
6. Electrical power tools and their application in agriculture and village homes.
7. Verification of Ohm’s Law
8. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Law
9. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
10. To study the construction of a transformer
11. To study the construction of D.C/A.C machine
12. Demonstration of an A.C Series and Parallel circuit
13. Study of the different types of wiring system
Suggested Readings:
1. Theraja, B. L. (2000). A Textbook of Electrical Technology, 21st Ed., Publication
Division of Nirja Const. & Development Co., Pvt. Ltd., Ram Nagar-India.
2. Golding, E.W. and F.C. Widdis. (1990). Electric Measurements and measuring
instruments, 5th edition. The English Language Book Society and Pitman Publishers.
3. Zerriffi & Hisham. 2011. Rural Electrification : Strategies for Distributed Generation.
Springer.
4. World Bank. 2008. Welfare Impact of Rural Electrification. World bank Publication
Press
SEE-605 Engineering Materials 3(2-1)
Stones: Classification and characteristics of good building stones. Tests of stones. Quarrying and
dressing of stones. Artificial stones and its varieties, preservation of stone work.
Tiles and Bricks: Different kinds of tiles. Manufacture and uses of tiles. Coloring and glazing of
tiles. Fire tiles and bricks. Qualities of good bricks. Refractory bricks and ceramics.
Lime and Cement: Classification of lime. Properties and applications of lime. Types of cement.
Manufacturing process of cement. Determination of initial and final setting time. Normal
consistency.
Concrete and Mortars: Aggregates for concrete and mortars. Types of concrete. Water cement
ratio. Workability of concrete. Compaction and curing of concrete. Types and uses of mortars.
Tests for mortars.
Timber: Classification of trees, growth of timber trees. Methods of seasoning and sawing. Decay
and preservation of timber, Laminated materials.
Metals: Composition and properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Effect of various heat
treatments on the properties of steel and its alloys. Methods of corrosion control.
Paints, Plasters and Varnishes: Composition, preparation, properties, tests and uses of paints,
plasters, varnishes and distemper.
Miscellaneous Materials: Composition, varieties, properties and uses of glass, plastics,
Laminates and adhesive. Properties and uses of asphalt, rubber and asbestos.
Practicals:
1. Measurement of angle of twist by using torque measuring apparatus
2. Universal testing machine
3. Torsion testing machine
4. Beam testing rig
5. Compression test by using hydraulic press
6. Cement testing machine
7. Measurement of deflection by Helical spring apparatus
8. Measurement of extension by Leaf spring apparatus
9. Charpay impact tester
10. Los angles abrasion testing machine
11. 7-Ton Hydraulic strut tester
39
12. To determine compressive strength of concrete
13. Brenile hardness tester
Suggested Readings:
1. Kenneth G.B. and M. Budinski. 2006. Engineering materials. Pearson Education. New
Dehli.
2. Syed D.H. 2006. Civil Engineering Material and Their Testing. Noresa publishing House.
India.
3. Varghese P.C. 2006. Building Materials. Prentice Hall of India, New Dehli.
4. Rajpot R.K. 2005. Engineering Material. S. Chand and Company Ltd. New Dehli.
SEE-609 Environmental Impact Assessment 3(3-0)
Introduction: EIA as a Tool for Sustainable Development, Process and Framework for EIA,
Guidelines and Legal Aspects, Environmental Settings, Methodologies of EIA, Assessing
Regional and Sectoral Level Impacts, Computational Modeling, GIS Applications, Knowledge
Based Expert Systems and Soft computing Applications, Environmental Management Plan ,
Challenges in Preparation of EIA Reports, Case Studies of Engineering Projects , Future of EIA
in Pakistan: Status, Problems and Remedial Actions
Suggested Readings:
1. Trivedi P.R. 2011 Environmental Impact Assessment. Viva Publication House, New
Dehli
2. Petts J. and W. Christopher. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment: Impacts and
Limitations. Wiley Blackwell, UK
3. Morris and Peter. 1995. Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. University
College Press, London.
AENG-601 Project & Report I 3(0-3)
Introduction to technical report writing, important components of technical writing,

selection/preparation of research topic, objectives, review of literature, methodology, data
processing, results, conclusions, summery, abstract, presentation of (data collected in the
field/laboratory) results in the form of graphs, tables, figures, and photographs, references and
appendices, report writing, presentation methods and skills.
Suggested Readings:
1. Awan, J. A. 2004. Technical writing. University of Agriculture press, Faisalabad.
AENG-602 Project & Report II 3(0-3)
Introduction to technical report writing, important components of technical writing,

selection/preparation of research topic, objectives, review of literature, methodology, data
processing, results, conclusions, summery, abstract, presentation of (data collected in the
field/laboratory) results in the form of graphs, tables, figures, and photographs, references and
appendices, report writing, presentation methods and skills.
Suggested Readings:
1. Awan, J. A. 2004. Technical writing. University of Agriculture press, Faisalabad.
40
LIST OF MINOR COURSES
For BSc AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Course No. Title of the Course Credit Hours

IS-202 or Islamic Studies or 3(3-0)
SSH-202a Ethics (for foreign student)
AEE-302 Communication and Presentation Skills 3(2-1)
CS-401 Computer Programming and Applications in 3(2-1)
Engineering
MATH-401 Differential Equations, Series, Laplace Transform 3(3-0)
IS-202 or SSH-202a Islamic Studies or Ethics for Non-Muslims 2(2-0)

(Attached at the end)
Composition: Adverb and Adjectives; their forms and use; Articles and their use, prepositions ;
Relative pronouns, clauses; Conditional sentences; Correction of sentences.
Comprehension: Getting the essential information; Effective communication; Comprehension
writing, rules, practice;
Order of importance: Application for job; Technical Report writing; Essay writing;
Critical Reading and Thinking: The Damned Human Race (Article); How to live to be 200
(Article)
Suggested Readings
1. Advance Publishers, 2010, Advance Essays for All, Advance Publishers, Muslim Centre,
Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
2. Ahmad, A. 2009, To The Point (English Grammar & composition for degree), To the
point publishers, 5-A. Yousaf Market, Ghazni Street, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
3. Atta –Ur-Rehman, S., 2010. Effective Business Communication and Report Writing,
Farrukh & Brothers, P.O Box 9025, Lahore.
4. Khan, N. and G.S. Qureshi 2011. A Selection of English Prose, The Carvan Book House,
Katchery Road, Lahore.
5. Khan, Z. R., 2009, Simple Grammar and Composition (B.Sc English), Simple Publishers,
14 - Iqra Centre, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.

Objective:
To learn fundamentals of algebra & calculus.
Contents:
Basic set theory: Complex numbers: Cartesian and polar form, De Moivre’s theorem, roots,
exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic and logarithmic functions’, complex powers.
Matrices: square matrices, determinants, reduced echelon form, rank, eigen-values, eigen-
vectors, Markov processes, mass transient problem, forecasting of weather and develop the
41
solution of system of differential equations for mechanical systems/electrical
systems/agricultural/civil engineering especially in public health engineering problem, linear
transformation, modeling and solution of system of linear equations.
Vector spaces: group, subgroup, ring, field, vector space, subspace, linear independent and
linearly dependent set of vectors, spanning set, basis for a vector space and its applications in
engineering.
Differential calculus: limit, continuity, derivative, total differential, higher order
differentiation, tangent and normal, Taylor series, Maclaurin series, extreme values, 1st and 2nd
derivative test, point of inflection and its applications in business and engineering.
Integral calculus: limit of sum, Riemann integration, evaluating integrals, definite integrals, area
under a curve and other applications of integration.
Suggested Readings:
1. Kreyszig, E. 2000. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Ed. 8th, John Wiley and Sons, New
York.
2. Yusuf, S.M. and M. Amin. 2002. Mathematical Methods, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Kabir Street
Urdu Bazar, Lahore
3. Thomas, G.B. and R. L. Finney. Calculus and Analytical Geometry, 2002, Ed.9th Roohani
Press, Islamabad.
Electricity and Magnetism: Voltage, current, resistance, power, single phase and 3- phase A.C.
supply. Series and parallel circuits. Vector addition and subtraction of A.C. voltages. A.C/D.C.
motors: Concept of rotating fields, polyphase induction motor, lap and wave winding of single
phase and three phase motors, torque and starting characteristics, measuring instruments,
transformers. A.Cpowerg generators. Electrical distribution and wiring for farm buildings.
Electric controls, motor controls, and protection. Selection of farm motors,
applications of electricity at farm. Electronics: Semi-conductors, PN-junction; Transistor; its
characteristics and uses; Amplifiers; Power supplies; Magnetism: Electro-Megnetic induction
and radiation; Radioactivity: Radio isotopes; Biological effects of radiation; Laser: Introduction,
generation and uses of Laser. Fiber optics–characteristics.
Practicals:
1. Construction of wiring systems, fuses, switches of various types insulators.
2. Circuits design and drawing of a typical farm electrical system.
3. Selection of motor for various farm equipment such as forage cutter, feed-grinders, and
shop tools.
4. Practice on repair and adjustment of electric motors, switches, fuses, transmission wiring
controls.
5. Study of 3 phase induction motor.
6. Study of star and delta connections.
7. Study of semi conductor, triode, diode valve and transistors.
8. Use of AVO meter, CRO, plani meter.
9. Fabrication of full wave rectifier and inductance study of its wave-shape.
10. Measurement of self inductance and mutual inductance.
Suggested Readings
1. Theraja, B.L. 2004. A Text Book of Electrical Technology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. New
Delhi, India.
2. Fitzgeraid, A.E. 1994. Basic Electrical Engineering. McGraw Hill, New York.
3. Hammond, P. 1979. Electromagnetism of Engineers. Pergamon Press, New York,
USA.
Agriculture-history, importance and branches, allied sciences, impact of climate of Pakistan on

crop production. Land resources and their utilization in Pakistan. Principles of crop production,
seed, fertilizers, irrigation, plant protection measures. Tillage: its objectives and types. Cropping
42
systems and crop rotations, Irrigation systems. Production technology of major and minor crops.
Classification of field crops w.r.t. their food value. Techniques and practices for enhancing crop
productivity.
Practicals
1. Land measuring units (Conventional and metric systems).
2. Identification of various soil types;
3. Demonstration of various irrigation methods;
4. Identification of various crops and their seeds w.r.t food value;
5. Demonstration of improved sowing methods;
6. Visits to grain storage facilities and progressive farms;
7. Raising nursery for transplanting seedlings of non-traditional / regional crops;
8. Study of medicinal crops and organic farming.
Suggested Readings
1. Arnon, I. 1992. Agriculture in Dry Lands-Principles and Practices. Elsevier Sci. Pub.,
London.
2. Chaudhri, D.P. and K.A. Dasgupta. 1985. Agriculture and the Development Process: A
study of Punjab, Cromm Helm Ltd., London.
3. Cheema, Z.A. and M. Farooq. 2007. Agriculture in Pakistan. Allied Book Centre, Urdu
Bazar Lahore, Pakistan.
4. Cooper, E.L. 1990. Agriscience: Fundamentals and Applications, Delmar Publisher, New
York.
5. Khan, S. R. A. 2001. Crop Management in Pakistan with Focus on Soil and Water.
Directorate of Agri. Information, Punjab, Lahore.
6. Martin, J.H., R.P. Waldren and D.L. Stamp. 2006. Principles of Field Crop Production,
4th Edition, MacMillan Co., New York. USA.
7. Nazir, M.S. 1994. Crop Production. Ed. E. Bashir & R. Bantel, National Book
Foundation, Islamabad.
8. Somani, L.L. 1993. Recent Advances in Dry Land Agriculture. Part-2, Scientific
Publishers, Jodhpur.
AEE-302 Communication & Presentation Skills 3(2-1)
Definition, types and functions of communication; effective communication and its barriers;
verbal communication skills; speaking, speech making, listening, reading and writing. Preparing
and delivering a speech, development of effective reading skills, art of effective writing, writing
scientific and popular articles. Listening: the process, types, barriers and strategies for effective
listening; non-verbal communications; characteristics, functions and types; leadership; concept,
techniques, functions and characteristics; development of effective leadership skills.
Practicals
Communication & Presentation Skills labs related to speaking, speech making, listening, reading
and writing.
Suggested Readings
1. Calvert, P. (Ed.). 1990. The communication’s Hand Book: Techniques and Technology.
Maupin House, USA.
2. Devito, J.A. 1997. Human Communication: The Basic Course. Addison Wesley
Longman, Inc., New York, USA.
3. Gronbeck, B.E., R.E. McKerrow, D. Ehninger and A.H.Monroe. 1974. Principles and
Types of Speech Communication. Harper Collins College Publishers, New York.
4. Kossen, S. 1994. The Human Side of Organizations.Harper Collins College Publishers,
New York, USA.
5. Roy, E. and S. Roy. 1993. Guide to Basic Writing. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs. New
York, USA.
43
Impurities in natural water, hardwater, water softening, boiler scales and deposits,
industrial, irrigation and municipal water, metallic corrosion and its inhibition, paints
and varnishes, fats and oils, extraction, refining and hydro- genation of oils, sugar
industry and its by-products, nitrogenous, phosphatic and potassic fertilizers. Aerobic &
non aerobic fermentation.
Practicals
1. Determination of carbonates and bicarbonates in industrial water
2. Determination of chlorides and sulphates in industrial water
3. Determination of pH and TSS in water
4. Estimation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers
5. Analysis of an oil for acid, saponification and iodine value.
Suggested Readings
1. Agarwal, O.P., A. Agarwal, 2001. Engineering Chemistry. Khana
Publishers, India.
2. Kent, A.J. 1997. Riegel’s Hand Book of Industrial Chemistry. CBS Publisher New
Delhi, India.
3. Shreve, R.H. 1987. The Chemical Process Industries. McGraw Hill Book
Co., New York
CS-401 Computer Programming and Applications in Engineering 3(2-1)
Introduction: Computer components, operating system, software & applications, Programming:

Introduction, programming languages, flowchart, programming structure, introduction to C++,
application of C++ to solve engineering problems, modeling and simulation.
Practicals
1. Demonstration of computer components and Windows installation.
2. Exercise on the use of word processing, spreadsheet and engineering graphics.
3. Programming of engineering problems with C++.
Suggested Readings
++
1. Perry, G. and M. Johnsons. 1992. Turbo C by Examples. Prentice Hall Computer
Publishing, New York, USA.
2. Shelly and Cashman. 1996. Using Computer, a Gateway to Information. Boyd and Fraser
Publishing Company, USA.
MATH-401 Differential Equations, Power Series, Laplace Transform 3(3-0)
Ordinary Differential Equation: Basic concepts of ordinary differential equation, General and
particular solution, Initial and boundary condition, Linear and nonlinear differential equations,
Solution of first order differential equation by separable variables and its application in our daily
life situations, Techniques like change in variables homogeneous, non-homogeneous, exact, non-
exact, linear and non-linear Bernoulli could be used in case of complications. Solution of second
order differential equations by theory of operators and its application as forced and free
oscillations, the extension of second order solution criteria to high order differential equations,
solution of the system of differential equations by theory of operators and its application in daily
life situations. Partial Differential Equations: Basic Concepts, linear and non-linear P.D
equations, Quasi linear and Quasi non-linear P.D equations, homogenous and non-homogenous
P.D equations, solutions of P.D equations, boundary and initial conditions as dirichlet conditions,
Neumann’ s condition, Robbin’s/mixed condition, classification of P.D equations as Elliptic
conditions, Parabolic and hyperbolic. Analytic Solution by separation of Variables of the Steady
State, two dimensional heat equation/Laplace equation and un-steady one dimensional heat
equation/Diffusion equation with homogenous and non-homogenous boundary conditions.
44
D’Alembert’s solution of two dimensional wave equation homogenous and non-homogenous
boundary conditions. Fourier Series: Periodic waveforms and their Fourier representations,
calculating a Fourier series, Fourier series of odd and even functions, Half range Fourier series,
Fourier series solution for the above P.D equations.
Suggested Readings
1. Kreyszig, E. 1999. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. John Wiley and Sons, New
York, USA.
2. Yousaf, S.M. 1998. Mathematical Methods, Ilmi Kitab Khana Kabir Street, Urdu Bazar,
Lahore, Pakistan.
3. Sharma, G.S., K.L. Auhuja and I.J.S. Sarna.1988. Advanced Mathematics for Engineers
and Scientists. Tata McGraw Hill Co., India.
Studying the Group Dynamics; Types of Social Groups, Primary and Secondary groups, In-groups
and Out-groups, Reference Group; Group Dynamics; Group Size, Leadership, Social Loafing,
Social Dilemmas, Groupthink, Conformity. Types of Disputes: Dispute Resolution Techniques;
Participatory Irrigation Management; Organizational Techniques for Sustainable Social
Organizations: A Case Study; Community Development: A Case Study of AKRSP.
Suggested Readings
1. Bhatti, M.A., M.A. Cheema and G.V. Skogerboe. 1999. Maintenance and Operational
Activities in the Command Area of Shahpur and Mirwal Small Dam. Pakistan National
Program International Irrigation Management Institute Lahore. Report No. R-78.
2. James, W. and V. Zanden. 1988. The Social Experience: An Introduction to Sociology.
Random House, New York.
3. Starkloff, R., D.J. Bandaragoda, M.A. Cheema and M.A. Bhatti. 1999. Social Organization
for Improved System Management and Sustainable Irrigation Agriculture in Mirwal and
Shahpur Small Dams. Pakistan National Program International Irrigation Management
Lahore. Report No. R-80.
4. Charles D Fledderman, Engineering Ethics, Prentice Hall, New Mexico, 1999.
Historical Perspective: Two nation Theory; Ideology of Pakistan; Objectives for the creation of
Pakistan; Important personalities in the creation of Pakistan; Sir Syed Ahmad Khan; Allama
Iqbal; Quaid-e-Azam. Constitutional Development in Pakistan: Objectives Resolution and its
constitutional importance; Ulma’s 22 points; Islamic provisions of 1956 constitution; Islamic
provisions of 1962; Constitution; Islamic provisions of 1973 constitution. Contemporary
Pakistan: Objectives of Pakistan’s foreign policy; An overview of Pakistan’s foreign Policy;
Pakistan’s foreign policy towards her neighboring countries; Regional organizations.
Suggested Readings
1. Amin, Shahid. 2010, Pakistan’s Foreign Policy, Oxford University Press, Karachi.
2. G. Allana. 2010, Our Freedom Fighters, Ferozesons Pvt. Ltd., Lahore
3. Hussain, Anjum, Zahid. 2010, Encyclopedia of Pakistan, Jahangir Book Depot, Lahore,
Pakistan.
4. Khan, H. 2010. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan. Oxford University Press,
Karachi, Pakistan.
5. Mehmood, Safdar. 2010, International Affairs, Jhangir Book Depot, Lahore,Pakistan.
Statistics: Mean value, Measures of central tendency, Measures of variation, Standard deviation,
Expected value of a random variable, Standard deviation of a random variable, The Poisson
distribution, The uniform distribution, The exponential distribution, The normal distribution, The
standard normal, The standard normal distribution. Probability: Sets, Application of Venn
Diagrams, Introducing probability, Mutually exclusive events, The addition law of probability,
45
Complementary events, Concepts from communication theory, Problems related to engineering,
Conditional probability, The multiplication law, Independent events, Baye’s formula,
Permutations and combinations, Multiplication principle, Problems related to engineering,
science and management, Applications of counting, Bernoulli trials, Binomial probability,
Markov chains, Probability distribution, Expected value, Decision making, Problems related to
engineering and management.
Practicals
1. Simple, Multiple and Component bar diagram.
2. Historigram, Frequency polygon,
3. Frequency curve, c.f. curve, cumulative percentage curve and locate Quantiles.
4. Problem assignments relating probability.
5. Fitting a Binomial distribution.
6. Fitting a Poison distribution.
7. Fitting a Normal distribution.
8. Sampling distribution of difference between two means.
9. Application/use of t-test for Null hypothesis.
2
10. Test of significance of association of attributes by x -test (chi-square test).
11. Testing goodness of fit.
12. Calculating a simple, partial and a multiple correlation and their tests of significance.
Fitting a simple linear regression equation and its test of significance by Analysis of
Variance (F-test) and t-test.
13. Analysis of variance of data from C.R.D., R.C.B.D. and L.S. design.
Suggested Readings
1. Choudhry, S.M. and S. Kamal. 1998. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part I & II; Ilmi
Kitab Khana, Kabir Street, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.
2. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons
Publication.
3. Lind, D., W. Marchal, and S. Wathen. 2011. Basic Statistics for Business and Economics
with Formula Card (7th ed.). The Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin Series Operations and Decision
Sciences, McGraw Hill Co., India.
4. Miller I. and J.E. Freund. 1985. Probability and Statistics for Engineers. Prentice Hall,
Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
5. Muhammad, F. 1999. Statistical Methods and data analysis; Kitab Markaz, Bhowana
Bazar, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
6. Ronald E. Walpole. 1982. Introduction to Statistics; McMillan publishing Co., Inc. New
York. USA.
7. Taylor, L.D. 1974. Probability and Mathematical Statistics. Harper & Row, Publishers
New York, USA.
8. Walpole R.E. 1982. Introduction to Statistics, McMillan publishing Co, Inc. New York.
Objective:
Developing understanding of basics of soils in agricultural engineering perspective.
Contents:
Soil Perspective: What is soil? Edaphology and Pedology, A field view of soil, Soil profile,
Subsoil and Surface soil, Mineral vs. Organic soils. Four major Components of Soils, Mineral
constituents in soils, Soil organic matter, Soil water, Soil air, clay and humus.
Important Physical Properties of Mineral Soils: Soil texture and Soil Structure, Classification of
soil particles, Physical nature of soil separates, Soil texture classes. Mechanical analysis,
Preparation of the Sample, Factors affecting dispersion, Methods for obtaining dispersion,
Fractionation of the sample, Sieve method. Stokes’ Law. Sedimentation methods, Determination
of soil class, Particle and Bulk Density, Pore Space, Structure of mineral soils, Aggregation and
its promotion, Structural management of soil, Soil Consistence.
Soil Colloids: General constitution of Silicate clays, Adsorbed cations, Silicate clay structure,
Classification of Silicate clays, Chemical Composition of silicate clays, Cation exchange
capacity of soils, Plasticity, Cohesion, Swelling, Shrinkage, Dispersion and Flocculation.
46
Soil Water: Structure and related properties of water, Soil water energy concept, Soil Moisture
content versus Suction, Measuring Soil moisture, Capillary Fundamentals, Types of soil water
movement, Saturated flow through soils, unsaturated flow in soils, Retention of soil moisture in
the field, Conventional soil moisture classification, Factors affecting amount and use of available
soil moisture, Capillarity and root extension.
Soil Air and Soil Temperature: Soil aeration definition, soil aeration problems in the field,
Composition of soil air., Factors affecting the composition of soil air, Fick’s Law, Aeration in
relation to soil and crop management. Soil temperature, Specific Heat of soils, Volumetric Heat
Capacity, Thermal diffusivity, and Conductivity, Fourier’s Law, Movement of Heat in soil, Soil
temperature control.
Plant Nutrients and Fertilizers: Factors controlling the growth of higher plants, The essential
elements from air, water and soil, Soil solution, Soil and plant interrelations, fertilizer elements,
Nitrogen Fertilizers, Phosphates Fertilizers, Potassium Fertilizers, Mixed Fertilizers, Methods of
applying solid fertilizers, Application of liquid Fertilizers.
Saline and Sodic Soils: Climate and salinity, Some basic terms, Saline, Saline alkali and Sodic
Soils, Diagnosis of Saline and Sodic Soils, Reclamation Steps of Salt-affected soils, Leaching
Requirements, Crop tolerance to Salinity.
Suggested Readings:
1. Brady, N.C. (2008). The Nature and Properties of Soils (14th Edition). Macmillan Co. Ltd.
USA.
2. Rashid, A. and K. S. Memon. (1996). Soil Science. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
3. Tanji, K.K. 1990. Agricultural salinity assessment and management. ASCE No.71, New
York, USA.
4. Gupta, I.C. 1990. Use of saline water in Agriculture. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co., New
Delhi, India.
Salt Affected Soils: types, extent and causes, origin of salt in soils, origin and nature of saline
and sodic, alkali and waterlogged soils, exchangeable bases and cation exchange in soil, soil
reaction, solute movement of water in soil, pH value of soil and its significance. Soil
Reclamation: reclamation techniques, saline soils leaching requirements, amendments for sodic
soils, gypsum requirements. Management of Salt Affected Soils: provision of surface, subsurface
or vertical drainage, salt tolerance crops, agronomic practices, manures, irrigation practices.
Management of Waterlogged Soils: causes, extent and remedial measures, effect of waterlogging
on plant growth, management of waterlogged soils, irrigation water quality effects on soil
environment.
Practical
Measurement of infiltration rate of saline, sodic and waterlogged soils, movement of solutes,
preparation of soil paste and soil saturation extract, chemical analysis for pH, EC, SAR, ESP,
and cations and anions, quality of irrigation water, water table depth measurements.
Suggested Readings:
1. Abrol, I.., J.S.S.P Yadav and F.I. Masood, 1988. Salt affected soils and their
management. Soil Bull. 390. FAO. Rome Italy.
2. Bresler, E., B.L. McNeal and D.L. Carter. 1982. Saline and Sodic Soils,
Principles,Dynamics,Modeling. Springer,Verlag, New York.
3. Tanji, K.K. 1990. Agricultural salinity assessment and management. ASCE No.71, New
York, USA.
4. Gupta, I.C. 1990. Use of saline water in Agriculture. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co., New
Delhi, India.
Definition and scope of economics, significance of economics for engineers, basic concepts;
theorey of production; supply and demand; determination of price, output revenue, costs and
profit under perfect and imperfect competition. Cost comparisons of the use of conventional and
47
modern method/technologies in agriculture; replacement analysis, estimation of breakeven point
of farm machinery, estimation of depression and cost analysis. Project identification, appraisal
and feasibility(technical vs. economics); various aspects of project preparation, analysis and
evaluation, identification of cost and benefits (tangible, non-tangible, private, social) of projects
and their pricing. Discounting/compounding procedure, benefit/cost analysis, net present worth
of the project and its practical implifications, accounting techniques and their application in
project evaluation.
Suggested Readings:
1. Samuelson, P.A. W.D. Nordhause 2005. Economics 19th edition. Mcgraw hill, New
York.
2. Casavant, K.L., C.L. Infanger ad d.E. Bridges 2006. Agricultural economics and
management. Pintice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
3. Gittinger, J.P. 2008. Economics Analysis of Agricultural Projects. John Hopkins
University press, New York.
4. Frances, P. 2001. Practical Benefits-Cost Analysis; basic Concepts and Application,
MacMillan, Melbourne.
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B.Sc.

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Approved in Syndicate on May 29, 2013

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Eligibility Criteria for admission in B.Sc. Agri. Engineering

FMP-302 Manufacturing Engineering 3(2-1)

FMP-401 Engineering Thermodynamics 3(2-1)

FMP-402 Instrumentation and Measurements 3(2-1)

Basic terminology and concepts related to instruments, instrument behavior application of

FMP-404 Engineering Economics and Management 3(3-0)

Management Fundamentals: Management, Administration, Leadership, Relationship Vs Task

FMP-502 Farm Machinery & Earth Moving Equipment 4(3-1)

FMP-503 Design of Agricultural Machinery 3(2-1)

Philosophy of Design: Formulating of procedure, importance of machine design in Agricultural

FMP-504 Professional Ethics 2(2-0)

FMP-505 Boiler Engineering and Power Plants 3(2-1)

FMP-506 Energy Resources and Management 3(2-1)

Introduction: Overview of various types of energy sources (renewable and Non-renewable)

FMP-508 Farm Machinery Management 3 (2-1)

Machine performance: Machines capacities; time efficiency; machine manoeuvrability; field

FMP-601 Farm Power 3(2-1)

FMP-602 Machine Design 3(3-0)

FMP-603 Post Harvest Engineering 3(2-1)

FMP-604 Industrial Engineering and Management 3(2-1)

Introduction: Industrialization and industrial policies of Pakistan; Classification of agro-based

FMP-606 Reverse Engineering in Agricultural Engineering 3(2-1)

ID-301 Fluid Mechanics 3(2-1)

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics: Definition and branches of fluid mechanics, distinction

ID-302 Engineering Numerical Analysis 3(2-1)

ID-402 Fluid flow systems 3(2-1)

ID-501 Open Channel Hydraulics 3(2-1)

ID-502 Soil Mechanics 3(2-1)

ID-503 Engineering Hydrology 3(2-1)

ID-504 Soil & Water Conservation Engineering 3(2-1)

ID-505 Water Management Engineering 3 (2-1)

ID-506 Hydraulic Machinery 3 (2-1)

Introduction: Definition, types and uses of hydraulic machinery.

ID-507 Soil Dynamics 3 (2-1)

ID-508 Ground Water Hydrology 3 (2-1)

ID-601 Irrigation Engineering 3(2-1)

ID-602 Drainage Engineering 3(2-1)

ID-603 Farm Irrigation Systems 3 (2-1)

ID-605 Water Quality Management 3(2-1)

ID-606 Irrigation Water Management Techniques 3(2-1)

Introduction: Concept of water management and its developments in Pakistan, components of

ID-608 Project Planning and Management 3(2-1)

Project Planning, Scheduling and Controlling by Deterministic Models: project planning

SEE-301 Engineering Drawing & Graphics 2(1-1)

SEE-302 Engineering Mechanics 3(2-1)

SEE-304 Computer Aided Design 2(1-1)

SEE-402 Mechanics of Materials 3(2-1)

SEE-501 Surveying & Leveling 4(2-2)

SEE-502 Farm Structures & Materials 3(2-1)

SEE-503 Environmental Engineering 3(2-1)

SEE-504 Water Supply and Sewerage 3(2-1)

SEE-505 Quantity Survey and Cost Estimation 3(2-1)

Tendering: Preparation of civil engineering contracts and tender documents. Introduction to

SEE-506 Meteorology and Climate Change 3(2-1)