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1.9 RMS Values and Parseval's Identities

1. The document discusses average, root mean square (RMS) values, and Parseval's identities for periodic functions represented by Fourier series. 2. Parseval's identity relates the integral of the square of a function over an interval to the sum of the squares of its Fourier coefficients. 3. The RMS value of a function can be expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients using Parseval's identity. 4. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating Fourier series and applying Parseval's identity to solve problems involving integrals.

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Majety S Lskshmi
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741 views4 pages

1.9 RMS Values and Parseval's Identities

1. The document discusses average, root mean square (RMS) values, and Parseval's identities for periodic functions represented by Fourier series. 2. Parseval's identity relates the integral of the square of a function over an interval to the sum of the squares of its Fourier coefficients. 3. The RMS value of a function can be expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients using Parseval's identity. 4. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating Fourier series and applying Parseval's identity to solve problems involving integrals.

Uploaded by

Majety S Lskshmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RMS Value and Parseval’s Identities

Dr. T. Phaneendra

December 2, 2019
MAT2002 - ADDE Dr. T. Phaneendra
Module 1 Professor of Mathematics

Average and Root Mean Square values of periodic functions:


Let f (t ) be periodic function defined on interval I = [−l , l ] with period 2l.
Then we define average and rms values of f over I by
1 l
1. f ave = ∫ t = − l f (t ) dt
2l
1 l
2. f rms = ∫ [ f (t )] dt
2

2l t = −l
Parseval’s identity:
Suppose f is a periodic function with period 2l, represented by a Fourier series:
a0   nπt   nπt  
f (t ) = + ∑ ∞n =1  an cos   + bn sin    , −l ≤ t ≤ l . … (1)
2   l   l 
Then
1 l a02
∫ −l [ f (t )] dt = + ∑ ∞n =1 (an2 + bn2 ) .
2
… (2)
l 2

rms value of a function in terms of its Fourier coefficients:


Dividing with 2 both sides of the equation (2) and using the definition of the rms value, we
get
1 l a02 1 ∞
2
f rms on I = ∫ −l [ f (t )] dt =
2
+ ∑ n =1 (an2 + bn2 ) . … (3)
2l 4 2

A nice physical application of Parseval’s identity:


Let I(t) be the electric current flowing through a resistor with resistance R ohms. Then I 2 R is
the power generated.

If I varies periodically with time t, then


• [ I (t )]2 R gives the instantaneous power generated
• The average power generated over one cycle [−l , l ] is given by
1 l 2 1 l 2 
=Pave = ∫ −l I (t ) R dt R  ∫ −l I (t ) dt 
2l  2l 
Pave 1 l 2
⇒= =∫ I (t ) d tI rms over one cycle - l ≤ t ≤ l .
2
… (4)
R 2l −l

Suppose that I is given by the Fourier series


a0   nπt   nπt  
I (t ) = + ∑ ∞n =1  an cos   + bn sin    , −l ≤ t ≤ l . … (5)
2   l   l 
a02 1 ∞
Then from (3), we have I rms 2
= + ∑ n =1 (an2 + bn2 ) .
4 2

Using this in (4), we finally get


Pave a02 1 ∞
= + ∑ n =1 (an2 + bn2 ) over one cycle − l ≤ t ≤ l . … (6)
R 4 2

The quantity given by (6) represents the power generated by each frequency component of the
current I in one cycle, and is usually called the power spectrum of the current I.

SJT 511-A10 Page 1 [email protected]


MAT2002 - ADDE Dr. T. Phaneendra
Module 1 Professor of Mathematics

Parseval’s identities in case of half-range sine and cosine series:


(a) Suppose f is a periodic function with period 2l, with half-range cosine series:
a0  nπt 
f (=
t) + ∑ ∞n =1 an cos  , 0≤t ≤l.
2  l 
2 a2
Then ∫ 0l [ f (t )]2 dt = 0 + ∑ ∞n =1 an2 .
l 2
(b) Suppose f is a periodic function with period 2l, with half-range sine series:
 nπt 
f (t ) = ∑ ∞n =1 bn sin  , 0≤t ≤l.
 l 
2
Then ∫ 0l [ f (t )]2 dt = ∑ ∞n =1 bn2 .
l

Example 1 Find a half-range sine series of f ( x) = k in the period −π ≤ x ≤ π and hence


1 1 π2
show that 1 + 2
+ 2 + ⋅⋅⋅
= ⋅
3 5 8
Solution. The half-range sine series of f ( x) = k in the period −π ≤ x ≤ π is
k = ∑ ∞n =1 bn sin nx ,
2 [1 − (−1) n ] 0 if n is even
where bn = ⋅ =  4k if n is odd.
π n  nπ
Substituting these values in the Parseval’s identity, we see that
2 π 2 2 π 2
∫ 0 [ f ( x)] dx = ∑ n =1 bn ⇒
∞
∑ ∞n =1 162 k 2 = ∫ 0 k dx
2 2

π ( n is odd) n π π
2 
16k 1 + + + ⋅⋅⋅1 1  2 k 2
1 1 π2
⇒ = ⋅ π + + + ⋅⋅⋅
= ⋅
π2  32 52  or 1
 π 32 52 8

Example 2 Find a Fourier series of f ( x) = x 2 in the period −π ≤ x ≤ π and hence show


1 1 1 π4
that 1 + 4
+ 4 + 4 + ⋅⋅⋅= ⋅
2 3 4 9 0
Solution. Since f ( x) = x 2 is an even function, its Fourier series contains only
cosine terms and possibly the constant term.

In fact, we have
a0  nπt 
f ( x=
) + ∑ ∞n =1 an cos  ,
2  l 
2π2 4( −1) n
where a0 = , an = and bn = 0 for all n.
3 n2
Substituting these values in the Parseval’s identity
2 π a2
= 0 + ∑ ∞n =1 an2 ,
∫ 0 [ f ( x)] dx
2

π 2
we see that
2 2
1  2π2   4( −1) n  2 π 4
⋅  + ∑ n =1 
∞
 = ∫ 0 x dx
2  3   n 2
 π

SJT 511-A10 Page 2 [email protected]


MAT2002 - ADDE Dr. T. Phaneendra
Module 1 Professor of Mathematics

  2π 2 π 4 8π 4
5
1 1 1
⇒ 16 1 + 4 + 4 + 4 + ⋅⋅⋅
=  − =
 2 3 4  5π 9 4 5
1 1 1 π 4
⇒ 1 + 4 + 4 + 4 + ⋅⋅⋅
= ⋅
2 3 4 9 0

Example 3 Find a Fourier series of f ( x) = x in the period −l ≤ x ≤ l and hence


1 π2
show that ∑ ∞n =1 = ⋅
n2 6
Solution. The Fourier series of f ( x) = x in the period −l ≤ x ≤ l is
2l ∞ (−1) n −1  nπx 
x= ∑ n =1 sin  .
π n  l 
2l (−1) n −1
⇒ a0= 0= an and b= ⋅ for all n.
π
n
n
Substituting these values in the Parseval’s identity (2), we see that
a02 1 l
+ ∑ ∞n =1 (an2 + bn2 ) = ∫ [ f ( x)] dx
2

2 l −l
2
 2l (−1) n −1  1 l 2 2 l 2
⇒ ∑ ∞n =1  ⋅  = ∫ −l x dx = ∫ 0 x dx
π n  l l
0
4l 2 1 2 x3 2l 3 1 π2
⇒ ⋅ ∑ ∞
= = = or ∑ ∞n =1 = ⋅
π2
n 1
n2 l 3 x =l
3l n2 6

SJT 511-A10 Page 3 [email protected]

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