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NURBS

NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline) curves and surfaces are a mathematical formulation used in computer graphics to represent 3D geometry like curves, circles, arcs, and surfaces. NURBS allow for the creation of free-form curves and surfaces with flexibility and precision. A NURBS curve is defined by a degree value and weighted control points, with the curve passing between points determined by the degree. PDE (partial differential equation)-based modeling can also be used to construct 3D models by solving differential equations subject to boundary constraints, allowing shapes to be adjusted by changing parameters. NURBS and PDE-based modeling are useful for engineering design applications like simulating high-speed trains.

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68 views2 pages

NURBS

NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline) curves and surfaces are a mathematical formulation used in computer graphics to represent 3D geometry like curves, circles, arcs, and surfaces. NURBS allow for the creation of free-form curves and surfaces with flexibility and precision. A NURBS curve is defined by a degree value and weighted control points, with the curve passing between points determined by the degree. PDE (partial differential equation)-based modeling can also be used to construct 3D models by solving differential equations subject to boundary constraints, allowing shapes to be adjusted by changing parameters. NURBS and PDE-based modeling are useful for engineering design applications like simulating high-speed trains.

Uploaded by

michael
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The word NURBS is an acronym for non-uniform rational B-spline, NURBS can

represent 3D geometry. It is a mathematical form which is used in computer graphics for 3D


generating and representing curves and surfaces. NURBS is a mathematical formulation that
represents the geometry of curves, circles, arcs, and surfaces in 3D space. Free-form curves and
surfaces can be created and edited with a high level of both flexibility and precision. A NURBS
curve generally consists of a degree value and weighted control points, or vertices. The curve
passes between the vertex points, the degree determines how many points affect the curve. The
direction indicates the starting and ending points of the curve as it was drawn, which can affect
the outcome of certain operations.

NURBS was developed in 1950s. Their aim was to obtain precise mathematical
representation of freeform shapes in hulls, aircraft, spacecraft, and cars with the possibility
of copying if necessary. Before NURBS surfaces, designs were drawn as unique samples by
hand with various drafting tools.

NURBS are not made of grid of rectangles unlike polygons. Splitting of the surfaces
into polygons occurs only at the stage of rendering and involves the use of the optimal
algorithm to maintain smoothness. That is why smoothness of the surface is observed on
the approach.

Since NURBS surfaces are always smooth and have no sharp corners, they are
widely used in organic simulation for generating models of animals, people, cars, and other
objects. NURBS used to be available only in commercial CAD software products that were
intended for automotive productions.

PDE-based geometric modelling has the strengths in geometric design of high-speed train
heads and with partial differential equation-based modelling. 3D models are constructed from the
solution to partial differential equations subjected to position, tangent, curvature, and even
higher-order boundary constraints. According to Du and Qin (2001), that since adjacent PDE
surface patches share the same boundary constrains, 3D models constructed from partial
differential equation-based geometric modelling exactly and automatically satisfy position,
tangent, curvature and higher order continuities between adjacent PDE surface patches. No
manual operations are required to stitch PDE surface patches together. Complicated shapes of 3D
models can be easily and effectively manipulated by adjusting shape control parameters in partial
differential equations, and boundary curves, boundary tangents, boundary curvature, etc. in
boundary constraints. Since a single PDE surface patch can describe a complicated shape, a
complicated 3D model can be constructed from few PDE surface patches. Therefore, PDE-based
geometric modelling is physics-based and has a potential to create more realistic deformations of
3D models. Its association with physical significance is particularly useful for engineering
design.

Geometric models of high-speed train heads are usually applied in computer aided
design, computer-aided manufacturing and computer aided engineering for further applications
such as aerodynamic simulation and structural optimization. Currently, PDE-based geometric
modelling has not become an industrial standard for the applications in CAD, CAM, and CAE.
One of easiest ways to change the geometry of a NURBS curve is to move its control points. To
perform large free-form adjustments you simply use the mouse to drag the control point.

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