CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION:
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 

ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS OF A MAN

IS SHELTER THAT PROTECTS AND SERVES AS A
REFUGE TO REST, RELAX AND FEEL AT EASE. ALSO,
BEYOND THE PHYSICAL FUNCTION A HOUSE COULD
PROVIDE, THIS STRUCTURE CAN ALSO BE CALLED
AS A “HOME/TAHANAN” WHICH BRINGS AN
EMOTIONAL AFFECTION TO A FAMILY BEING
TOGETHER. THIS RESEARCH PAPER WILL SERVE AS
A GUIDING INSTRUMENT IN BROADENING THE
KNOWLEDGE OF THE RESEARCHERS ABOUT
DESIGNING A SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING THAT BEST
SUIT THE CLIENT'S PERSONALITY, LIFESTYLE, AND
ECONOMIC COMPETENCE. 

ANUPOJU, S. (2016), RESIDENTIAL DWELLING

PROVIDES MORE THAN HALF OF ITS FLOOR AREA
FOR DWELLING PURPOSES. IN OTHER WORDS,
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PROVIDES SLEEPING
ACCOMMODATION WITH OR WITHOUT COOKING OR
DINING OR BOTH FACILITIES. A SINGLE FAMILY
DWELLING IS ANY DETACHED BUILDING
CONSISTING OF ONE DWELLING UNIT THAT
INTENDED TO BE OCCUPIED AS THE HOME OR
RESIDENCE OF ONE FAMILY. 

IN GENERAL THERE ARE SIX TYPES OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, BUT AS PER THE ABOVE
MENTIONED STATEMENT; THIS RESEARCH WILL
FOCUS ON SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLINGS. THERE ARE
2 TYPES THAT CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A SINGLE-
FAMILY DWELLING DEPENDING ON THE CLIENT’S
DECISION, THERE ARE BUNGALOW AND ANOTHER
ONE IS THE MULTI-STOREY HOUSE. 
 
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE STRUCTURES
ARE BEING INFLUENCED BY THE CULTURAL
VALUES, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN
RELATION TO ANTHROPOMETRICS AND
ERGONOMICS, POLITICAL DECISIONS SUCH AS
BUILDING LAWS, ECONOMIC FORCES AND A LOT
MORE. THERE ARE 9 PRINCIPLES IN PLANNING A
RESIDENTIAL HOUSE: 1.) ASPECTS, 2.) PROSPECTS,
3.) PRIVACY, 4.) GROUPINGS, 5.) ROOMINESS, 6.)
SANITATION, 7.) FLEXIBILITY, 8.) COMMUNICATION,
AND 9.) PRACTICAL CONSIDERATION. TO WHICH,
ALL OF THESE WILL ALSO FURTHER BE DISCUSSED
IN THIS RESEARCH. 

THIS TYPE OF ISOLATED SINGLE-FAMILY TYPE

OF RESIDENCE REPRESENTS THE IDEAL FOR A
VAST MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION AND
CONSIDERED AS AN IDEAL HOME.
 

CHAPTER 2
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
 
ARCHITECTURE IS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY
FIELD OF WORK AND A MODE OF KNOWLEDGE
WHEREIN IT INTERPRETS AND EXPRESSES AN IDEA
TO BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE. THE ARCHITECT’S
JOB IS TO BE ABLE TO DELIVER THEIR CLIENTS TO
THEIR DREAM IDEAS OF CONSTRUCTION; THE MOST
COMMON IS THE DWELLING HOUSE.

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS

RESEARCH: 

1. TO GATHER INFORMATIONS AND TO OBTAIN

KNOWLEDGE RELEVANT IN DESIGNING AND
PLANNING A RESIDENTIAL DWELLING
2. TO PERCEIVE THE DIFFERENT FACTORS THAT
AFFECTS THE DESIGN OF A SINGLE-FAMILY
DWELLING
3. TO BE ABLE TO DISCUSS THE RELATIONSHIP AND
IMPORTANCE OF ERGONOMICS AND
ANTHROPOMETRICS IN DESIGNING A SINGLE-
FAMILY DWELLING
4. TO IDENTIFY THE BASIC LAWS RELEVANT IN
DESIGNING A SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING.
5. TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE CLIENT AND THE ARCHITECT AND
HOW THEIR PERSONALITY AFFECTS THE DESIGN OF
A SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING.   

 TO BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE THE FOLLOWING

GOALS BELOW: 

1. TO HELP EFFECTIVELY APPLY AND UTILIZE THE

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN DESIGNING A RESIDENTIAL
DWELLING FOR A SINGLE FAMILY INTO TECHNICAL
PLANS. 
2. TO OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE IN THE FUNDAMENTALS
IN DESIGNING A RESIDENTIAL DWELLING THAT CAN
LATER BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE RESEARCHERS IN
MAKING WORKING DRAWINGS.

CHAPTER 3
PRESENTATION OF DATA

A. RELATED STUDIES
ACCORDING TO REAL ESTATE GLOSSARY
(2019), A SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING IS DEFINED AS A
STAND-ALONE STRUCTURE WITH ITS OWN LOT
INTENDED FOR ONE FAMILY. IT DIFFERS IN TERMS
OF ITS FORMS SUCH AS CONDOMINIUMS,
TOWNHOMES, COOPERATIVES, AND MULTI-FAMILY
HOMES, WHICH ARE ALL ATTACHED RESIDENCES.
IN THE PHILIPPINES, MANY FILIPINOS ENVISION
OWNING A STRUCTURE OR SIMPLY, A HOUSE, AS AN
ILLUSIVE DREAM. THIS POSSIBLY HAPPENED DUE
TO MANY INTERRELATED FACTORS SUCH AS RAPID
POPULATION GROWTH, INADEQUACY OF
RESOURCES FOR HOUSING, FRAGMENTED
APPROACH TO HOUSING, LOW LEVEL OF INCOMES
AND SAVINGS AND THE LIKES (PUBLIC POLICY AND
THE PHILIPPINE HOUSING, N.D). A PERFECT
EXAMPLE FOR THIS IS THE FILIPINO CITIZENS WHO
ARE USED TO LIVE IN INFORMAL SETTLERS WHICH
MAINLY PUT THEIR LIVES IN DANGER. 

TO IMPROVE THE HOUSING SYSTEM IN THE

PHILIPPINES, ONE FACTOR THAT CAN HELP IT IS
THROUGH GOOD DESIGN. DESIGNING AIDS TO
MEET CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL
REQUIREMENTS OF THE RESIDENTS PROVIDING
SAFE DWELLING TO SHELTER PEOPLE FROM
HAZARDOUS EVENTS PROVIDED BY BOTH MAN AND
NATURE. (HANDBOOK ON GOOD BUILDING AND
CONSTRUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES, N.D.)  

ACCORDING TO ANUPOJU, S. (2016),

SELECTION OF SITE FOR ANY BUILDING IS VERY
IMPORTANT AND SHOULD BE DONE CAREFULLY.
THE REQUIREMENTS OF SITE FOR BUILDINGS WITH
DIFFERENT OCCUPANCIES VARIES. THE
FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE IMPORTANT
FACTORS WHICH SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHILE
SELECTING SITE FOR ANY RESIDENCE.

SOIL AT SITE SHOULD NOT BE OF MADE UP

TYPE AS FAR AS POSSIBLE. THE BUILDINGS
CONSTRUCTED OVER SUCH SOILS NORMALLY
UNDERGO DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT AND
SOMETIMES BECOME THE CAUSE OF COLLAPSE.
CRACKS IN BUILDINGS IN SUCH CONDITIONS, ARE
QUITE COMMON. THE SELECTED SITE SHOULD BE
LARGE ENOUGH; BOTH TO ENSURE THE BUILDING
ABUNDANT LIGHT AND AIR TO PREVENT ANY OVER
DOMINANCE BY THE NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS.
RESIDENTIAL HOUSE SITE SHOULD BE LOCATED
AWAY FROM THE BUSY COMMERCIAL ROADS.
THERE SHOULD BE GOOD TRANSPORT FACILITIES
SUCH AS RAILWAY, BUS SERVICE, FOR GOING TO
OFFICE, COLLEGE, MARKET, ETC. CIVIC SERVICES
SUCH AS WATER SUPPLY, DRAINAGE SEWERS,
ELECTRIC LINES, TELEPHONE LINES, ETC. SHOULD
BE VERY NEAR TO THE SELECTED SITE SO AS TO
OBTAIN THEIR SERVICES WITH NO EXTRA COST.
THE SITE SHOULD COMMAND A GOOD VIEW OF
LANDSCAPE SUCH A HILL, RIVER, LAKE, ETC.
ORIENTATION OF THE SITE ALSO HAS SOME
BEARING ON ITS SELECTION. SITE SHOULD BE
SUCH IN OUR COUNTRY THAT EARLY MORNING SUN
AND LATE EVENING SUN IS ACCEPTED IN THE
BUILDING IN SUMMER AND MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT IS
AVAILABLE IN MOST OF WINTER.

ACCORDING TO DESPHANDE, P., 2008, THERE

ARE 9 PRINCIPLES TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN
PLANNING A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE; 
1.) ASPECTS OF A BUILDING SHOULD BE IN SUCH
WAY THAT THE ROOMS WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE
THE COMFORT AND FUNCTION IT NEEDS. FOR
INSTANCE, ALL ROOMS SHOULD BE WELL
VENTILATED AND WELL LIGHTED. TO ACHIEVE THIS
PLANNING OF DOORS AND WINDOWS SHOULD BE IN
AWAY SUCH THAT THE BREEZE AND LIGHT CAN
ENTER THE ROOM EASILY BECAUSE OF ITS
ORIENTATION.
2.) PROSPECTS CONCERNS WHAT IS ON THE
OUTSIDE, WHICH IS SOMETHING THAT IS EQUALLY
AS IMPORTANT ON WHAT IS IN THE INSIDE. WHAT
COULD BE SEEN OUTSIDE THROUGH THE
OPENINGS OF THE BUILDING MAY AFFECT THE
MOOD ON WHAT IS THE INSIDE. 
3.) PRIVACY IS MUCH NEEDED IN EVERY PART OF
THE HOUSE. EVERY ROOM SHOULD BE PLANNED IN
A WAY THAT EVERY ROOM MAY BE ABLE TO
FUNCTION INDIVIDUALLY AND NOT HINDER THE
FUNCTION OF OTHER ROOMS. ALSO, THE MAIN
DOORS OF THE HOUSE SHOULD BE GIVEN DOORS
WITH SCREENS AND SUCH THAT WILL GIVE IT LESS
ACCESS FOR THE OUTSIDE TO SEE A FULL VIEW OF
WHAT IS IN THE INSIDE.
4.) GROUPING OF ROOMS ARE IMPORTANT. IT
SHOULD BE IN A WAY THAT THE ROOMS WITH
INTERMINGLING FUNCTIONS ARE PLACED NEAR
EACH OTHER SO THAT ACCESS TO THIS ROOMS
WILL BE MUCH EASIER. 
5.) ROOMINESS COULD BE ACHIEVED BY USING
SMALL PROPORTIONS IN PLANNING THE ROOMS.
FOR INSTANCE,  A SQUARE ROOM MAY LOOK
SMALLER THAN A RECTANGLE ROOM. IT CAN ALSO
BE ACHIEVED BY MAXIMIZING THE SPACES BY
USING CUPBOARDS, SHELVES AND SUCH.
6.) SANITATION IS THE MOST IMPORTANT 
PRINCIPLE TO KEEP IN MIND. THE ROOMS SHOULD
ALL BE GIVEN PROPER VENTILATION, LIGHTING,
CLEANLINESS AND SANITATION.
7.) FLEXIBILITY IS BEING ABLE TO USE A ROOM FOR
OTHER FUNCTIONS. FOR INSTANCE, A KITCHEN CAN
BE  A DINING AREA AND A LIVING ARE CAN BE A
BEDROOM AT NIGHT. THIS IS IMPORTANT FOR
PLANNING FOR SMALL HOUSES.
8.) COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ROOMS SHOULD BE
PLANNED IN SUCH WAY THAT GOING FROM ONE
ROOM TO ANOTHER WILL NO BE DIFFICULT
BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF PASSAGES NEEDED.
THE PASSAGES SHOULD ALSO BE PLANNED IN
SUCH A WAY THAT IT WILL NOT HINDER THE
FURNITURES PLACED IN A ROOM. ALSO, IT SHALL
BE PLANNED IN SUCH WAY THAT EVERY ROOM
SHOULD HAVE PRIVACY AND NOT HINDER THE
FUNCTION OF THE OTHER ROOM.
9.) PRACTICAL CONSIDERATION AND ECONOMIC
COMPETENCE SHOULD BE GIVEN IMPORTANCE
WHEN PLANNING.  CONSIDERATIONS SHALL BE
GIVEN FOR EVERY ROOM SO THAT THE FUNCTIONS
ARE SERVED IN SUCH WAY THE WILL SATISFY THE
CLIENT WHO WILL USE THE SAID ROOM. 

B. CASE STUDIES

ACCORDING TO DANSOH AND FRIMPONG (2016)

"SMALL PRIVATE HOUSE PROJECTS CONSTITUTE A
GREAT PERCENTAGE OF THE DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION MARKET FOR ARCHITECTS, BUT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTS AND
CLIENTS ON SUCH PROJECTS IS WIDELY REPORTED
TO BE CHALLENGING AND TURBULENT. CLIENTS’
PERCEPTUAL EXPERIENCES OF THEIR
RELATIONSHIPS WITH ARCHITECTS IS EXPECTED
TO BE THE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING THEIR
ATTITUDE TOWARD ARCHITECTS. INTERVIEW
TRANSCRIPTS FROM 6 CLIENTS WERE ANALYZED.
THREE THEMES AND 13 SUB-THEMES EMERGING
FROM 48 SIGNIFICANT STATEMENTS INDICATED
THAT CLIENTS RELATIONSHIPS WITH ARCHITECTS
GENERATED FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY AND
HELPLESSNESS ALTHOUGH THEY EXPECTING TO
ENHANCE THEIR SELF-ESTEEM. CLIENTS ALSO
STRUGGLED TO MAINTAIN AUTHORITY OVER
PROJECTS. THE RESULTS PROVIDE A LEAD FOR
ARCHITECTS AND OTHER CONSULTANTS TO
DEVELOP A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TOWARD
MANAGING RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLIENTS ON
SMALL PRIVATE OWNER-OCCUPIER HOUSE
PROJECTS."

ACCORDING TO VINCENT VOON CHIN LAI (2018)

"CONTINUAL EVALUATION OF THE NEEDS OF THE
LOCAL PEOPLE IS NEEDED TO PROVIDE
APPROPRIATE HOUSING IN A SOCIETY. THIS IS
PARTICULARLY TRUE WHEN LIFE STYLE IS
UNDERGOING RADICAL CHANGES, AS IT IS ON THE
FRINGES OF TROPICAL CITIES. PROTOTYPE
HOUSING SHOULD BE TESTED BEFORE IT IS
IMPOSED SO THAT IT IS APPROPRIATE FOR ITS
CONTEXTS. FROM THE CURRENT RESEARCH, IT IS
CLEAR THAT TROPICAL DESIGN ELEMENTS CAN BE
READILY INCORPORATED IN BUNGALOW HOUSES
TO PROVIDE THERMAL COMFORT WITH MINIMAL
USE OF AIR CONDITIONING. SUCH DESIGNS HAVE
TWO PRIMARY BENEFITS—THE NEED FOR AIR
CONDITIONING WILL MINIMIZE THE HOUSING
EXPRESSES AND LOCAL CHARACTER. CURRENTLY
DEVELOPERS TAKE A “QUICK FIX” APPROACH IN
THE HOUSE FOR THE RAPID URBANIZING AREAS IN
THE TROPICS. THEY IGNORE THE CLIMATE AND
IMPOSE A GENERIC HOUSE DESIGN IN A VARIETY
OF CLIMATIC ZONES. THIS PAPER SUGGESTS THAT
THIS IS NOT IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THOSE
LIVING IN HOUSE ON THE URBAN FRINGES OF
TROPICAL CITIES."

ACCORDING TO AR. ARMADO N. ALLI (2015) IN

HIS ANNOTATION, SETBACKS, EASEMENTS AND
RELATED DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS FOR A R-1
(SINGLE-DETACHED DWELLING) IN A LOW DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL ZONING CLASSIFICATION, BASED ON
P.D. NO. 1096, THE 1977 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES (NBCP) AND ITS 2004 REVISED
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS (IRR),
SHOULD APPLY THE FOLLOWING:

FRONT SETBACK FOR A R-1 DWELLING MUST

BE 4.5 METERS (M) DEEP, AND THE TWO (2) SIDE
SETBACKS AND THE REAR SETBACK SHALL BE AT
2.0 M DEEP EACH. THE SETBACK WHICH APPLIES TO
THE GROUND LEVEL OF THE BUILDING IS
MEASURED FROM THE PROPERTY LINE TO THE
EXTERIOR FACE OF THE BUILDING WALL; THERE
SHALL BE FULL YARDS ON ALL SIDES OF THE
RESIDENTIAL DWELLING;

THE FARTHEST POINT OF THE ROOF FROM THE

2 SIDE AND REAR PROPERTY LINES SHALL BE AT
0.75 M FROM THE PROPERTY LINE; 

THE FLOOR TO LOT AREA RATIO (FLAR) SHALL

BE 1.5 I.E. FOR A LOT WITH AN AREA OF 300.0 SQ.M.,
THE GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) SHALL BE AT 450.0
SQ.M. FOR A 3-STOREY DWELLING; THE TOTAL GFA
(TGFA) SHALL BE AT 675 SQ.M. I.E. INCLUDING DECK
ROOF LEVEL, CARPORT AND UTILITY AREAS; 

THE BUILDING FOOTPRINT SHALL BE FROM 60%

TO 70% OF THE TOTAL LOT AREA (TLA) DEPENDING
ON LOT TYPE/ CONFIGURATION; 

THERE MUST BE NO FIREWALL ALONG ANY OF

THE PROPERTY LINES FOR A R-1 LOT; DUPLEXES
AND SINGLE-ATTACHED DWELLINGS (BOTH WITH
FIREWALLS) ARE PROHIBITED FOR CONSTRUCTION
ON A R-1 LOT; AND

THE BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT (BHL) IS 10.0 M

MEASURED FROM THE ESTABLISHED GRADE
ELEVATION (EGE) I.E. ASK THE ARCHITECT WHERE
THE APPLICABLE EGE IS; NOTE HOWEVER THAT THE
10.0 M BHL IS INTENDED FOR 3-LEVEL RESIDENCES
WITH A DECK ROOF LEVEL THAT REQUIRES A 1.0 M
TALL PARAPET WALL OR RAILING I.E. FOR
DWELLINGS WITH A REGULAR ROOF INSTEAD OF A
DECK ROOF LEVEL, THE APPLICABLE BHL IS ONLY
9.0 M; BASED ON ARTICLE 670 OF R.A. NO. 386, THE
1949 NEW CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NCCP),
THE EASEMENT FOR THE SECOND AND ANY OTHER
UPPER FLOORS SHALL BE 2.0 METERS FROM THE
PROPERTY LINE; THE EASEMENT (DIFFERENT FROM
THE SETBACK) IS MEASURED FROM THE PROPERTY
LINE TO THE CENTER OF THE BUILDING’S EXTERIOR
WALL; AS THE SETBACK UNDER THE NBCP IS WIDER
BY ABOUT 0.10 M, THE SETBACK AT THE GROUND
FLOOR SHOULD ALSO APPLY TO ALL UPPER
FLOORS; BALCONIES OR CANTILEVERED FLOORS
WITH FIXED OR OPERABLE WINDOWS ARE NOT
ALLOWED TO INTRUDE INTO THE AIRSPACE ABOVE
EITHER THE EASEMENT (OR SETBACK) AREA. "

ARCHITECTURAL DATA
THIS PART OF THE RESEARCH SHOWS THE
GATHERED INFORMATIONS ABOUT THE BASIC
STANDARDS OF ERGONOMICS IN PLANNING A
RESIDENTIAL HOUSE, STARTING FROM THE
PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS OF BOTH CHILDREN
AND ADULT, TO LIVING, DINING, KITCHEN, TOILET
AND BATH, AND BEDROOM STANDARD
MEASUREMENTS.
ACCORDING TO MAX FAJARDO, THE STUDY OF
HUMAN FIGURES AS TO PHYSICAL PROPORTION IS
AN IMPORTANT ASPECT IN PLANING. ALL
STRUCTURES INTENDED FOR HUMAN USE ARE
PLANNED ACCORDING TO HUMAN SCALE.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN DIMENSIONS WILL BE
CATEGORIZED INTO TWO:
1. DIMENSIONS AND CLEARANCES FOR CHILDREN
2. DIMENSIONS AND CLEARANCES FOR ADULTS.

THE PHYSICAL PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IS

APPARENTLY DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF THE
ADULTS AND THEIR HEIGHT ALSO VARIES AS PER
THEIR AGE, BUT THEIR SPACE REQUIREMENTS CAN
BE APPROXIMATED USING TABLE 1 AND FIGURE 1
BELOW

AGE HEIGHT (CM) AGE HEIGHT (CM)

5 110 11 140
6 115 12 145
7 120 13 150
8 125 14 155
9 130 15 160
10 135 16 165

TABLE 1-1 AVERAGE HEIGHT OF CHILDREN

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

FIGURE 1 PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT OF CHILDREN

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO
 ON THE OTHER HAND, DIMENSIONS AND
CLEARANCES FOR AVERAGE ADULTS ARE SHOWN
TO REPRESENT THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS IN
PLANING BUT TO PROVIDE A MORE COMFORTABLE
ACCOMODATION, THE CLEARANCES MAY BE
INCREASED IF DESIRED.

FIGURE 2A HUMAN DIMENSIONS

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

FIGURE 2B HUMAN DIMENSIONS

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO
 FIGURE 3 HUMAN MEASUREMENTS

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

LIVING ROOM

LIVING ROOM IS BASICALLY THE

ENTERTAINMENT SPACE OF THE HOUSE. IT IS
COMMONLY THE FIRST AREA THAT YOU WILL SEE
WHEN ENTERING A HOUSE. THAT IS WHY
FURNITURE CHOICE AND ARRANGEMENT MUST BE
THE MAJOR FACTOR TO CONSIDER IN DESIGNING A
LIVING ROOM. IT MUST GIVE A SENCE OF
GRANDENEUR AND AN INVITING ATMOSPHERE.

LIVING ROOM FURNITURES ARE GROUPED INTO

THE FOLLOWING:
1. PRIMARY GROUPING - CHAIRS AND SOFA ARE
GROUPED AROUND A FIRE PLACE (IF THERE IS)
2. SECONDARY GROUPING - CHAIRS AND LOVE
SEAT ARE GROUPED AT THE END OF THE ROOM OR
AT THE CENTER.
3. READING GROUP - CHAIR, OTTOMAN, LAMP
SHADES, ETC.
4. WRITING OR STUDY GROUP - DESK, LAMP, ONE
OR TWO CHAIRS, BOOK CASES.
5. MUSIC GROUP - PIANO BENCH, STORAGE SPACE
6. GAME GROUP - GAME TABLES AND FOUR CHAIRS

FIGURE 4 LIVING ROOM CLEARANCES

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

 FAJARDO

FIGURE 5 PASSAGE CLEARANCES

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND

FIGURE 6 PASSAGE CLEARANCES AT THE BACK SEAT CHAIR

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MINIMUM

CLEARANCES THAT WILL GIVE ENOUGH SPACE FOR
THE CONVENIENT USE OF FURNITURES.
1. 150 CM. BETWEEN FACING SEATING
2. 50 CM. WHERE CIRCULATION OCCUR BETWEEN
FURNITURES
3. 75 CM. FOR USE OF DESK
4. 9 CM. FOR MAIN TRAFFIC
5. 150 CM. IN BETWEEN TELEVISION AND SET AND
SEATING
MINIMUM SPACE CLEARANCES
1. 45 CM. MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR SINGLE
PASSAGE NOT A TRAFFIC LANE BETWEEN LOW
OBJECTS SUCH AS SOFA AND COFFEE TABLES.
2. 75 CM. MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR SINGLE
PASSAGE NOT A TRAFFIC LANE BETWEEN TALL
OBJECTS HIP HEIGHT OR OVER.
3. 100 CM. MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR GENERAL
TRAFFIC LANE. AS ROOM INCREASES IN SIZES, THIS
MINIMUM DISTANCE ALSO INCREASES TO MAINTAIN
THE SPACE SCALE OF THE ROOM.
4. 90 CM. MINIMUM TOLERANCE FOR CONFINED
SEATING AREAS.
DINING ROOM
DINING ROOM IS WHERE THE FAMILY IS BEING
KEPT TO EAT AND TALK TOGETHER. THIS SPACE
MUST HAVE PORTABLE OR BUILT-IN FURNITURES
FOR EATING, SITTING, SERVING AND EVEN FOR
STORAGE PURPOSES.

RECOMMENDED SPACE DIMENSIONS

1. FOR A MORE COMFORTABLE MOVEMENT, SIZE OF
PLACE SETTING MUST HAVE A MINIMUM WIDTH OF
50 CM ALTHOUGH 75 CM IS DESIRABLE, BUT 60 CM
WIDTH IS ADEQUATE THAT COULD PERMIT 45 CM
WIDE CHAIR AT 15 CM APART.
2. FOR A PLACE SETTING, PROVIDE A MINIMUM
CLEARANCE OF 35 CM, ALLOW SPACE FOR CHINA
GLASSWARE, SILVER AND ELBOW EXTENSION.
 FIGURE 7 CLEARANCE OF PLACE SETTING

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

TABLE REQUIREMENTS PER PERSON:

A. FOR CROWDED SEATING - 50-55 CM. ON TABLE
PERIMETER.
B. FOR COMFORT SEATING - 60CM. ON THE TABLE
PERIMETER

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MINIMUM

CLEARANCES FROM THE EDGE OF THE DINING
TABLE THAT WILL GIVE ENOUGH SPACE FOR THE
CONVENIENT USE OF THE DINING AREA.
1. 80CM - FOR CHAIR PLUS ACCESS TO THERETO
2. 95 CM - FOR CHAIR PLUS ACCESS AND PASSAGE
3. 105 CM - FOR SERVING FROM BEHIND CHAIR
4. 120 CM - FROM TABLE TO BASE CABINETS (IN
DINING-KITCHEN)

FOR A BETTER MOVABILITY, PASSAGE

CLEARANCE BEHIND CHAIRS SHOULD ALSO BE
CONSIDERED. THE RECOMMENDED MINIMUM
SPACE IS 50 CM BUT PREFERABLY 60CM FOR
CONVENIENCE. IF PASSAGE BEHIND CHAIR IS NOT
DESIRED, A MINIMUM OF 12 TO 15 CM PLUS THE
DEPTH OF THE CHAIR IS SATISFACTORY TABLE
CLEARANCE FOR PUSHING BACK THE CHAIR WHEN
LEAVING THE TABLE.

FIGURE 8 PASSAGE CLEARANCES

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO
 FIGURE 9 DINING AREA ARRANGEMENT

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO
BEDROOM

USUALLY THE QUANTTITY OF BEDROOMS A

HOUSE HAVE TELLS THE AREA AND SIZE OF THE
HOUSE IMAGINARILY, AND THE SIZE OF ROOM
COULD BE DETERMINED UNDER THE FOLLOWING
CONSIDERATIONS:
1. THE LIKES AND PREFERENCES OF THE OWNER
WHETHER LARGE, MEDIUM OR SMALL ROOM WITH
OR WITHOUT COMFORT ROOM.
2. THE TYPE AND NUMBER OF BED INCLUDING
OTHER ITEMS THAT THE OWNER WOULD WANT TO
PLACE INSIDE THE ROOM.

FIGURE 10 TYPE OF BEDROOM OCCUPANCY

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO
 MINIMUM CLEARANCES BETWEEN WALLS
AND FURNITRE:
1. BETWEEN WALL AND FURNITURE................5 - 7 CM
2. BETWEEN FURNITURE UNITS......................5 - 10 CM
3. ONE SIDE OR FOT OF BED DRESSING..100 - 110
CM
4. BETWEEN BED AND SIDE OFDRESSER....15 - 20 CM
5. IN FRONT OF DRESSER AND CHEST.......90 - 100
CM
6. IN ONE SIDE OF BED FOR CIRULATION.....55 - 60
CM
7. FOR MAJOR CICULATION PATH DOOR......60 - 70
CM
8. ON LEAST USED SIDE OF DOUBLE BED......3 - 40
CM

KITCHEN

KITCHEN IS THE MOST ACTIVE PART OF THE

HOUSE. IT IS WHERE MEALS ARE PREPARED AND
COOKED, FOODS AND UTENSILS ARE STORED, IT IS
A PLACE FOR EATING AND LAUNDERING,
CONSIDERING THOSE NUMEROUS ACTIVITIES, ITS
PLAN DEMANDS FOR THE RIGHT SELECTION OF
APPLIANCES, STORAGE UNIT AND THE CONVENIENT
ARRANGEMENT OF THE AREA.

COMPARABLE AMOUNT OF TRIP IN THE

PREPARATION OF FOOD
1. KITCHEN SINK 43 TO 48%
2. RANGE
14 TO 18%
3. MIXING
12-13%
4. REFRIGERATOR 7-
8%
5. DINING ROOM 7-8%
6. DISH STORAGE 6-8%
7. SERVING 3-
6%

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:
1. PROPER ARRANGEMENT SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO
CONSIDERATION TO KEEP THE BASIC WORKING
AREA COMPACT. ALWAYS REMEMBER THE
POSSIBILITY THAT MORE THAN ONE PERSON WOLL
BE WORKING IN THE KITCHEN.
2. THE PLAN MUST AVOID TRAFFIC LANE IN
WORKING AREAS.
3. STORAGE DESIGN SHOULD BE FUNCTIONAL TO
MINIMIZE REACHING UP AND STOOPING DOWN.
SHELVING MUST BE ADJUSTABLE.

FIGURE 12 HEIGHEST REACH FOR VERTICAL STORAGE

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

4. COMFORTABLE POSTURE IN REACHING

COUNTERS AND WORKING SURFACES SHOULD
ALSO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION. THERE
SHOULD BE A PROPER LINE UP OF MOVEMENT
THROUGH THE WORKING SURFACES (SINK-
>REFRIGERATOR->STOVE)

FIGURE 13 TYPICAL CABINET DIMENSIONS AND WORKING HEIGHTS

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO
 FIGURE 14 RECOMMENDED MINIMUM CLEARANCES IN THE KITCHEN

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

BATHROOM

BATHROOM IS THE PLACE WHERE THE

ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WASHING OF HANDS, FACE
AND HAIR, ELIMATION, GROOMING, HAND
LAUNDERING AND INFANT CARE ARE DONE. IN
PLANNING THIS AREA OF THE HOUSE, ONE MUST
CONSIDER NOT ONLY THE CERTAIN FIXTURES BUT
ALSO THE BETWEEN THEM FOR THE PURPOSE OF
CLEANING AND FOR ASSISTING ANOTHER PERSON
LIKE SMALL CHILDREN AND PERSON’S WITH
DISABILITIES.

ARRANGEMENTS OF BATHROOM IS CLASSIFIED

INTO 4 CATEGORIES
1. THE LAVATORY GUEST BATH TYPE
2. THE LARGER COMPARTMENTAL BATH
3. THE CONVENTIONAL THREE FIXTURE BATH
4. UTILITY BATH
 LAVATORY OR GUEST BATH HAS A MIIMUM AREA
OF 1.3 SQ M

FIGURE 15 LAVATORY GUEST TYPE PLAN

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

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LARGER COMPARTMENT BATH PLAN HAVE THE

TUB AND SHOWER SEPARATED FROM THE TOILET
 FIGURE 16 COMPARTMENTED TOILET PLAN

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

FAJARDO

CONVENTIONAL THREE FIXTURE BATH DOES NOT

HAVE ANY COMPARTMENT SEPARATION IT IS FOR
THE USE OF ONE INDIVIDUAL AT A TIME. AVERAGE
AREA IS 3.7 SQ M

FIGURE 17 THREE FIXTURE PLAN

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

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 FIGURE 18 DIMENSIONS AT LAVATORY

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

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 FIGURE 19 CLEARANCES AT SHOWER BATH

SOURCE: PLANNING AND DESIGNERS HANDBOOK (2ND EDITION) BY MAX

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RESEARCH TOPICS

MATERIALS THAT PRODUCES GREEN

ARCHITECTURE

IN TODAYS ARCHITECTURE, FILIPINOS ARE

CURRENTLY INSPIRED BY HOUSING TRENDS THAT
RELIES IN THE EXEMPLARS OF AMERICAN AND
EUROPEAN DESIGNS. HOWEVER, THOUGH IT IS
IMPRESSIVE, IT IS NOT ALWAYS SUITABLE AND
IDEAL FOR TROPICAL COUNTRIES LIKE THE
PHILIPPINES.

HAVING SAID THAT, FOREIGN INFLUENCES AND

FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS ARE NOT ALWAYS THE
AID FOR GREEN ARCHITECTURE, HENCE, LOCAL
INGENUITY, HISTORY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
PRODUCES MORE ACCESSIBLE, FEASIBLE AND A
MORE ECO-FRIENDLY STRUCTURES.

BAHAY KUBO MAINLY REFLECTS THE

STRUCTURAL NEEDS OF HOUSES IN A TROPICAL
COUNTRY BECAUSE EVEN THOUGH IT IS SIMPLE
AND MADE OF NATURAL MATERIALS, IT IS
DESIGNED TO DEAL WITH HEAT, HUMIDITY AND
FLOODS WHICH AIDS TO MEET CULTURAL, SOCIAL
AND  PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE RESIDENTS
PROVIDING SAFE DWELLING TO SHELTER PEOPLE
FROM HAZARDOUS EVENTS PROVIDED BY BOTH
MAN AND NATURE. (HANDBOOK ON GOOD BUILDING
AND CONSTRUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES, N.D.) 
 ACCORDING TO THE USE OF INDIGENOUS
FILIPINO MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING
GREEN HOMES (2015), THE FOLLOWING
ENUMERATES INDIGENOUS MATERIALS THAT CAN
BE USE TODAY TO PRODUCE AN ADVANCED GREEN
ARCHITECTURE:

1. BAMBOO
BAMBOO HAS THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF
CONCRETE AND THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF STEEL
(MORTICE, 2019). THE MATERIAL IS VERY
VERSATILE, USED AS STRIPS, SPLIT, OR WHOLE
TIMBER VARIETIES IT CAN RESIST FIRE AND CAN
WITHSTAND TEMPERATURE UP TO 4000 C. THIS IS
DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF HIGH VALUE OF
SILICATE ACID AND WATER. BAMBOO IS WIDELY
PREFERRED IN EARTHQUAKE PRONE REGIONS,
LIKE IN THE PHILIPPINES DUE TO ITS ELASTIC
FEATURES.
2. THE ASH FROM RICE HULLS OR HUSKS
THE ASH FROM RICE HULLS OR HUSKS ARE
AFFORDABLE AND EFFECTIVE SUBSTITUTE TO
CONCRETE. WHEN BURNED BETWEEN 700 TO 750
DEGREES CELSIUS, THE ASH FROM PALAY
COVERINGS OFFERS BINDING PROPERTIES THAT
MAKE IT A SUITABLE ADDITIVE TO CEMENT
SOLUTIONS.
3. COCO LUMBER
COCONUT TIMBER HAS MANY APPLICATIONS AS
BOTH STRUCTURAL AND INTERIOR MATERIALS. THE
HARDER, HIGH-DENSITY TIMBER IS SUITABLE FOR
GENERAL STRUCTURAL PURPOSES (E.G., PILLARS,
TRUSSES, RAFTING, FURNITURE, WINDOW AND
DOOR FRAMES, FLOORS, DECKING AND FLOOR
JOISTS) AND AS A PROMISING MATERIAL FOR
VARIOUS NOVELTY PRODUCTS (E.G., HIGH-VALUE
FURNITURE, INDOOR INTERIOR WALLS, PARQUET
FLOORING, CANES, EGG CUPS, DISHES, BOWLS,
POTS, AND CRAFTS). WITH APPROPRIATE
PROMOTIONS, IT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BE
ACCEPTED NOT ONLY LOCALLY, BUT ALSO IN THE
INTERNATIONAL MARKET. ADDITIONALLY, COCONUT
TIMBER AND ITS SAWDUST CAN BE USED TO
PRODUCE CHARCOAL, AND ITS BRIQUETTE, AS
WELL AS ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND INDUSTRIAL
CARBON MATERIALS; THE TECHNOLOGIES FOR
MANUFACTURING THESE PRODUCTS HAVE
ALREADY BEEN ESTABLISHED.
4. SANTOL WOOD
SANTOL WOOD IS COMPARATIVELY LESS DENSE
THAN OTHER WOOD VARIANTS, IT IS ONE THAT IS
EASY TO WORK WITH AND POLISH. THIS, OF
COURSE, IS IF THE LUMBER WAS CURED
CORRECTLY. PROBABLY THE BEST FEATURE OF
HIGH QUALITY WOOD FROM SANTOL TREES IS THAT
IT IS HIGHLY RESISTANT TO WOOD BORERS, OR
BUKBOK. THIS MAKES IT IDEAL FOR USE AS
PROTECTIVE COVERING OR SKELETAL
FRAMEWORK.

ROOFS APPLICABLE IN TROPICAL COUNTRIES

PHILIPPINES EXPERIENCES SUMMER’S RISING

TEMPERATURES AND OVERALL GLOBAL WARMING,
DUE TO THIS DEMAND, CHOOSING THE RIGHT TYPE
OF ROOF DESIGN AND MATERIAL MAY BE EFFICIENT
TO THE COOLNESS OF YOUR HOME.

ACCORDING TO THE INTERVIEW OF TEJADA

(2018) TO JOEL MUNOZ, PHILIPPINES’ ANCESTORS
WERE RIGHT IN CREATING ROOFS THAT NATURALLY
HELPED TO COOL LIVING SPACES. DESCRIBING
PHILIPPINES’ TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE AS STEEPLY-PITCHED, TALL AND
ORGANIC ROOFS.
 TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR ROOFS MAY BE
HIGH AS 45 DEGREES. ONE EXAMPLE OF THIS IS
BAHAY KUBO WITH THE HOUSE-TO-ROOF RATIO OF
ONE-IS-TO-THREE—MEANING THE HEIGHT OF THE
WALLS OF THE HOUSE IS ONE-THIRD THE HEIGHT
OF THE ROOF—WHICH MAKES FOR VERY COOL
INTERIORS SINCE THE INHABITANTS ARE VERY FAR
FROM THE HOTTEST PART OF THE HOUSE AS WELL
AS ALL THE RISING HOT AIR.  SINCE MATERIALS
THEN WERE ORGANIC AND POROUS, THE RISING
HOT AIR ESCAPES QUITE EASILY, MAKING THE
COOLING CYCLE VERY EFFECTIVE.

IT IS ALSO NOT ADVISABLE TO HAVE AN ATTIC-

ROOMS AS BEDROOMS OR LIVING SPACES IN
TROPICAL COUNTRIES SINCE THE ROOF IS
CONSIDERED AS THE HOTTEST PART OF THE
HOUSE. THIS DESIGN IS JUST APPLICABLE FOR
WESTERN CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE.

ACCORDING TO MUNOZ, THE BEST CHOICE FOR

ROOFING FOR TROPICAL HOUSES ARE
NATURAL/ORGANIC MATERIALS. CONDITIONS LONG
AGO ALLOWED FOR SUCH FLIMSY MATERIALS SUCH
AS GRASS, THATCH, REEDS, ETC. DURING THAT
TIME, ENVIRONMENT WAS CLEANER, UNPOLLUTED,
AND LESS HARSH. THESE MATERIALS BREATHED
EASILY, COST LESS TO MAINTAIN, AND WERE
VISUALLY PLEASANT. ON THE OTHER HAND, IT IS
BEST IN RURAL AREAS TO HAVE A CLAY TILE ROOF.
IT IS THE LEAST THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE
MATERIAL AND IT LASTS LONGER. 

TROPICAL COUNTRIES MAY ALSO CONSIDER

TURF ROOF.  THIS IS NEW CONCEPT FOR ROOFING
THAT WOULD EVENTUALLY AND FIGURATIVELY BE A
‘GREEN’ ROOF SINCE THE CONCEPT IS PLANTED
WITH GROUND COVER OVER SOIL AND AGGREGATE
LAYERS.   IT DEFINITELY LOWERS TEMPERATURES
FOR THE INTERIORS. LEAKAGE MAY BE A PROBLEM
ESPECIALLY DURING THE HEAVY RAINY SEASON,
THUS EFFICIENT WATER-PROOFING AND DRAINAGE
IS AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO RESOLVE IT. 

CHAPTER 4
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
(FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION)

FINDINGS

IN PLANNING A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, THERE

ARE MANY THINGS TO CONSIDER. THESE FACTORS
MAY DIFFER FROM ONE TO ANOTHER; HOWEVER IN
GENERAL, ALL THIS BUILDINGS HAVE COMMON
FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.
 
SITE OF THE BUILDING PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN
THE OVERALL OUTCOME OF THE PLANNED
RESIDENTIAL HOUSE. IT MAY HELP WITH THE
LIGHTING, AMBIANCE, AND VENTILATION OF THE
RESIDENTIAL AREA. AS THE EXTERIOR IS
IMPORTANT, THE INTERIOR IS AS EQUALLY
SIGNIFICANT. THE PLAN SHOULD ALSO GREATLY
CONSIDER THE INTERIOR PARTS OF THE BUILDING.
EACH ROOM SHOULD BE PLANNED IN SUCH A WAY
THAT IT GIVES COMFORTABILITY TO ITS DWELLERS.
THE 9 PRINCIPLES BY DESPHANDE, P., 2008,
EXPLAINED EVERY FACTOR NEEDED TO BE
CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE SUCH.

COMFORTABILITY CAN ALSO BE ACHIEVED BY

CONSIDERING THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE. FOR
INSTANCE, TROPICAL COUNTRIES HAVE DIFFERENT
REQUIREMENTS THAN THOSE OF THE WESTERN
DESIGNS. DIFFERENT TOPOGRAPHIES NEEDS
DIFFERENT THINGS TO CONSIDER DURING
PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION TO BE ABLE TO
PRODUCE A HOUSE THAT WILL BE COMFORTABLE
FOR THE CLIENTS.

SUCH CONSIDERATIONS ARE BASED BY THE

COMFORTABILITY OF THE DWELLERS, HOWEVER
THERE ARE ALSO FACTORS THAT ARE BASED ON
THE LAW. BUILDINGS HAVE DIFFERENT
REQUIREMENTS. THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES AIDS THE ARCHITECT AND THE
CLIENT ON ABIDING THE RULES AND REGULATIONS
NEEDED TO BE ABIDED. 

COMFORTABILITY AND RULES AND

REGULATIONS ACCORDING TO THE LAW ARE THE
FIRST THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED. HOWEVER,
THERE IS ALSO AN  IMPORTANT FACTOR NEEDED
TO BE GIVEN ATTENTION FOR THE SITE OF OUR
PLAN WON'T EXIST WITHOUT IT. SUSTAINABLE
HOUSING DEVELOPMENT BECAME A "TREND" AS
MODERNIZATION OCCURRED. SUCH IDEA CAME
FROM THE NEED FOR NATURE, BUT LACKS
BECAUSE OF THE FAST PROGRESS OF
URBANIZATION. GREEN ARCHITECTURE WAS THE
IDEA THAT CAME IN ORDER TO CATER SUCH NEED.
BUILDINGS THAT HAVE TREES SURROUNDING IT,
HOUSES THAT USES SOLAR POWERS, PRODUCES
OWN FOOD FROM THE BACKYARD AND SUCH,
SUSTAINS THIS NEED. NEW BUILDING MATERIALS
ARE ALSO CONSIDERED IN CONSTRUCTION WHICH
HELPS NOT JUST SUSTAINABILITY BUT ALSO
PROMOTING LOCAL PRODUCTS.

CONCLUSION
THERE ARE MANY FACTORS TO BE
CONSIDERED IN PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTING A
RESIDENTIAL HOUSE. THESE FACTORS SUSTAINS
THE NEED FOR COMFORTABILITY OF THE CLIENT,
THE NEED TO ABIDE THE LAW, AND SLOWLY GIVING
BACK TO NATURE.

AS CONSIDERATIONS ARE NEEDED TO BE

GIVEN IMPORTANCE, ARCHITECTS SHOULD ALSO
COMMUNICATE WITH THEIR CLIENTS IN ORDER TO
CREATE SUCH PLAN FITTED FOR THEM. GENERAL
GUIDELINES CAN'T BE APPLIED TO EVERY PLAN,
MORE FACTORS ARE NEEDED TO BE CONSIDERED
BECAUSE DIFFERENT CLIENTS HAVE DIFFERENT
NEEDS.

HOWEVER, THERE ARE NEEDS THAT THE CLIENT

WANTS BUT ARE NOT POSSIBLE DUE TO THIS
GENERAL GUIDELINES. AS ARCHITECTS, THIS
SHOULD BE DISCUSSED WITH THE CLIENT IN
ORDER TO MEET IN THE MIDDLE AND CREATE A
DESIGN NOT JUST SUITABLE FOR THEM BUT ALSO
SUITABLE FOR THE GENERAL GUIDELINES OF
ARCHITECTURE.

RECOMMENDATION
THE RESEARCHERS RECOMMENDS THE
FOLLOWING:

1. USE GENERAL GUIDELINES IN PLANNING AND

DESIGNING A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE IN ORDER
TO HAVE A STARTING POINT.
2. GATHER NECESSARY DATA WHEN NEEDED.
SEEKING HELP SUCH AS THIS GUIDELINES
HELPS A LOT FOR STUDENTS AND BEGINNERS
ALIKE.
3. KEEP COMFORTABILITY, THE NATIONAL
BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND
SUSTAINABILITY IN MIND WHEN CREATING A
DESIGN.
 4. GIVE IMPORTANCE TO SUSTAINABLE HOUSING
PLAN IN ORDER TO HELP THE NATURE AS
WELL.

CHAPTER 5
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING IS THE PRE-

DESIGN PROCESS THAT IDENTIFIES THE SCOPE OF
WORK TO BE DESIGNED. HAVING SAID THAT, THIS
PART OF THE RESEARCH WILL FOCUS ON SPACE
RELATIONSHIP AND PROPER CIRCULATION
MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROOMS OF A
RESIDENTIAL HOUSE.

IN THIS CHAPTER, THE GOAL OF THE

RESEARCHERS IS TO FORMULATE EFFECTIVE
DESIGN STRATEGIES APPLICABLE FOR SINGLE-
FAMILY DWELLING. THE RESEARCHERS HAD COME
UP WITH 3 DIFFERENT CONDITIONS THAT UTILIZES
THE FORMULATION OF THE MATRIX AND BUBBLE
SPACE DIAGRAMS BELOW, CONSIDERING THE USER
AND SITE ANALYSIS, AESTHETICS, ECONOMICAL
FUNCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
ACCUMULATED IN CHAPTER 3.
 1. BUNGALOW TYPE RESIDENTIAL HOUSE W/ 2
BEDROOMS, APPROXIMATELY 40 SQ. M. (MINIMUM
SIZE ACCORDING TO ZONING REGULATIONS)

2. BUNGALOW TYPE RESIDENTIAL HOUSE W/ 3

BEDROOMS AND A CARPORT, APPROXIMATELY 90
SQ. M.

3. STOREY RESIDENTIAL HOUSE WITH 5

BEDROOMS, CARPORT AND VERANDA,
APPROXIMATELY 120 SQ. M.

CHAPTER 6
SYNTHESIS

IN DESIGNING A SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING,

VARIOUS INTERDISCIPLINARY WORKS SHOULD BE
DONE WITH DELICATENESS AND AN EYE TO
DETAILS, PRECISON AND AESTHETICS.
APPARENTLY, IT IS NOT JUST A FINE ILLUSTRATION
BUT IT IS A FUSION OF CREATIVE THOUGHTS,
IMAGINATIONS, IDEAS, PRINCIPLES, NOTIONS, AND
THEORIES THAT WILL LEAD THE CLIENT’S DREAMS
INTO THEIR OWN REALITY.

ESTABLISHNG GOOD OBJECTIVES AND GOALS IS

THE IMPORTANT FOUNDATION OF THIS RESEARCH,
KNOWING THAT IT MUST INCLUDE RAW
INFORMATIONS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES SUCH
AS THE PRINCIPLES AND AFFECTING FACTORS OF
DESIGNING RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS, IMPORTANCE
OF ERGONOMICS AND ANTHROPOMETRICS IN
TERMS OF CONVENIENCE IN EVERYDAY USE,
REGULATING LAWS, PROPER SITE SELECTION AND
USER ANALYSIS, GREEN ARCHITECTURE AND
SUSTAINABLE DESIGNS APPLICABLE TO
RESIDENTIAL PLANS. CASE STUDIES HAD ALSO
BECOME AN EFFEICIENT SUPPORT IN THIS
RESEARCH, FOR THE RESEARCHERS HAD FOUND
EXTRA PRECAUTIONS ON PREPARING A DESIGN
PLAN SUCH AS THE IMPORTANCE OF A GOOD
RELATIONSHIP OF THE ARCHITECT TO THE
CLIENTS. RELATED RESEARCH TOPICS ON THE
OTHER HAND FRESHENS UP AND GAVE RISE TO
NEW IDEAS TO INCORPORATE IN THE FUTURE
PLANS. A HIGHLIGHT TO THIS IS THE IDEA OF
UTILIZING THE OUTMOST NATURAL POTENTIAL OF
INDIGENOUS FILIPINO MATERIALS SUCH AS
BAMBOO, ASH FROM RICE HULLS, COCO LUMBER
AND SANTOL WOOD AS AN ALTERNATIVE
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN CREATING BOTH
GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE HOUSE DESIGNS. ALL
WILL FALL IN THE CONCEPT OF FORM FOLLOWS
FUNCTION TO BE ABLE TO CREATE A PROPER AND
TECHNICALLY RIGHT DESIGNS BASED ON ITS
UTILITY AND THE STANDARDS OF ARCHITECTURAL
BEAUTY. THE PROPER CHOOSING OF ROOFINGS
MUST ALSO BE TAKEN IN TO CONSIDERATION IN
RELATION TO ORIENTATION TOWARDS THE SUN TO
ACHIEVE PASSIVE COOLING EFFECT. ONE OF THE
NEW CONCEPTS OF ROOFING IS TURF WHICH IS
BASICALLY GREEN ROOFS.

ALL OF THOSE WILL BE THE SIGNIFICANT

APPLICATIONS OF THIS RESEARCH, TO BE ABLE TO
UTILIZE THE KNOWLEDGE EFFECTIVELY AND SET
AS GUIDING TOOL FOR CREATING A GOOD
AARCHITECTURAL PLAN SPECIFIED FOR
RESIDENTIAL HOUSES. IN THAT NOTE, REALIZING
THAT THE ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT DOES NOT ONLY
LIES ON SERVING ITS CLIENTS, BUT THEY MUST
ALSO SERVE THE ENVIRONMENT AT THE SAME
TIME, BUILDING A REVITALIZED WORLD THROUGH
CREATING THE NEW RESIDENTIAL HOMES.