System Architecture Manual

Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Architecture Overview .............................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Physical Structure ........................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Logical Structure ............................................................................................................. 1-5

Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Functional Structure ........................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Hardware Configuration................................................................................................... 2-2

Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem ................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Functional Structure ........................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 RF Modules ..................................................................................................................... 3-2

Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem .................................................................................................. 4-1

4.1 RF Antenna ..................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Antenna ................................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.2 Feeder and Jumper............................................................................................... 4-3
4.1.3 CXDU of CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO............................................. 4-3
4.2 Satellite Synchronization Antenna ................................................................................... 4-5
4.2.1 Introduction to the GPS and the GLONASS.......................................................... 4-6
4.2.2 Antenna ................................................................................................................ 4-7
4.2.3 Feeders and Jumpers ........................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.4 Feeder Lightning Arrester ..................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.5 Receiver................................................................................................................ 4-8

Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem ....................................... 5-1

5.1 Power Supply Subsystem................................................................................................ 5-1
5.1.1 Overview of Power Supply Subsystem.................................................................. 5-1
5.1.2 Power Distribution Plans ....................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Environment Monitoring Subsystem ................................................................................ 5-4
5.2.1 EAC ...................................................................................................................... 5-4
5.2.2 PIB ........................................................................................................................ 5-6
5.2.3 EMU...................................................................................................................... 5-7

Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding ....................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Overview of Lightning Protection and Grounding............................................................. 6-1
6.1.1 Lightning Protection .............................................................................................. 6-1
6.1.2 Equipment Grounding ........................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 BTS Lightning Protection................................................................................................. 6-1
6.2.1 Lightning Protection Principle................................................................................ 6-1
6.2.2 Lightning Protection for Power Supply .................................................................. 6-3
6.2.3 Lightning Protection for Trunk Cables ................................................................... 6-5

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

i
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Table of Contents

6.2.4 Lightning Protection for the Antenna System ........................................................ 6-7

6.2.5 Lightning Protection for the CDDU ........................................................................ 6-8
6.2.6 Lightning Protection for Serial Port........................................................................ 6-8
6.3 BTS Equipment Grounding.............................................................................................. 6-9
6.3.1 Internal Grounding of the Cabinet ......................................................................... 6-9
6.3.2 External Grounding of Cabinet .............................................................................. 6-9
6.3.3 Grounding of AC Lightning Arrester ...................................................................... 6-9
6.3.4 Grounding of Trunk Cables ................................................................................... 6-9

Chapter 7 Reliability ................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 System Reliability ............................................................................................................ 7-1
7.1.1 De-rating Design ................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.2 Quality Control of Components ............................................................................. 7-1
7.1.3 Thermal Design..................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.4 Threshold for Closing CHPA/CMPA...................................................................... 7-2
7.1.5 EMC Design.......................................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.6 Redundancy Design.............................................................................................. 7-2
7.1.7 Reliability Measures for Input Power ..................................................................... 7-2
7.1.8 Maintainability Design ........................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.9 Fault Monitoring and Handling .............................................................................. 7-2
7.2 Hardware Reliability ........................................................................................................ 7-3
7.2.1 Protection Against Wrong Insertion of Boards....................................................... 7-3
7.2.2 BCKM Active-Standby Switchover ........................................................................ 7-3
7.2.3 BCIM/BCKM Power Backup.................................................................................. 7-3
7.2.4 N+1 Redundancy for Baseband Fans ................................................................... 7-3
7.2.5 Abis Interface Link Backup.................................................................................... 7-3
7.2.6 CE Pool Design for CCPMs .................................................................................. 7-4
7.2.7 Status Monitoring and Alarm Report ..................................................................... 7-4
7.2.8 Distributed Power Supply...................................................................................... 7-4
7.3 Software Reliability.......................................................................................................... 7-4
7.3.1 Periodic Check of Key Resources......................................................................... 7-4
7.3.2 Process Monitoring ............................................................................................... 7-4
7.3.3 Data Check ........................................................................................................... 7-4
7.3.4 Fault Isolation........................................................................................................ 7-5
7.3.5 Black Box Function ............................................................................................... 7-5
7.3.6 Self-Test ............................................................................................................... 7-5
7.3.7 Optimization of Standing Wave Alarm Detection................................................... 7-5
7.3.8 Upgrade Reversibility ............................................................................................ 7-5
7.3.9 Log Function ......................................................................................................... 7-5

Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow ........................................................................................................ 8-1

8.1 Overview of the BTS Signal Flow .................................................................................... 8-1
8.1.1 Abis Signal ............................................................................................................ 8-1
8.1.2 Clock Signal .......................................................................................................... 8-1

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

ii
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Table of Contents

8.1.3 Local Telnet Maintenance Signal .......................................................................... 8-2

8.2 Signal Flow of Traffic Channel......................................................................................... 8-4
8.2.1 Forward Traffic Signal Flow .................................................................................. 8-4
8.2.2 Reverse Traffic Signal Flow .................................................................................. 8-4
8.3 Signal Flow of Common Signaling Channel..................................................................... 8-4
8.3.1 Forward Signaling Flow......................................................................................... 8-5
8.3.2 Reverse Signaling Flow ........................................................................................ 8-5
8.4 O&M Signal Flow............................................................................................................. 8-6
8.5 Clock Signal Flow............................................................................................................ 8-6

Chapter 9 BTS Features ............................................................................................................. 9-1

9.1 Compatibility with Single-Channel Transceiver Module and Multi-Channel Transceiver
Module .................................................................................................................................. 9-1
9.1.1 Comparison of Single-Channel Transceiver Module and Multi-Channel Transceiver
Module........................................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 Compatibility Solution............................................................................................ 9-1
9.2 Compatibility with CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO.......................................... 9-2
9.3 Hybrid Configuration........................................................................................................ 9-2
9.3.1 Hybrid Configuration of Single-Channel/Multi-Channel Transceiver Modules ....... 9-2
9.3.2 Hybrid Configuration of 1X/DO Channel Processing Boards................................. 9-2
9.3.3 Hybrid Configuration of Multi-Band Transceiver Modules...................................... 9-3

Chapter 10 BTS Configuration................................................................................................. 10-1

10.1 Configuration Principle ................................................................................................ 10-1
10.1.1 Configuration of Baseband Board ..................................................................... 10-1
10.1.2 Configuration of RF Modules............................................................................. 10-4
10.1.3 Configuration of PSUs....................................................................................... 10-6
10.1.4 Configuration of the External CDDU Subrack ................................................... 10-6
10.1.5 Configuration of the RF Antenna....................................................................... 10-6
10.1.6 Satellite Synchronization Antenna..................................................................... 10-7
10.2 Typical Configuration................................................................................................... 10-7
10.2.1 O(1) Configuration ............................................................................................ 10-8
10.2.2 S(2/2/2) Configuration ....................................................................................... 10-8
10.2.3 S(6/6/6) Configuration ....................................................................................... 10-9
10.2.4 S(1/1/1/1/1/1) Configuration ............................................................................ 10-10
10.2.5 S(3/3/3)+S(3/3/3) Configuration ...................................................................... 10-11
10.3 Configuration of Channel Numbers Supporting CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO.......... 10-12
10.3.1 Configuration of CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO Services in Single-Carrier BTSs10-13
10.3.2 Configuration of CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO Services in Multi-Carrier BTSs10-13
10.4 Networking Configuration .......................................................................................... 10-13
10.4.1 Star Networking .............................................................................................. 10-14
10.4.2 Chain Networking............................................................................................ 10-15
10.4.3 Tree Networking.............................................................................................. 10-16
10.4.4 Fractional ATM Networking ............................................................................. 10-17

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

iii
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Table of Contents

10.4.5 IP Networking.................................................................................................. 10-18

10.4.6 Cascading with ODU3601C ............................................................................ 10-19

Chapter 11 Technical Specifications....................................................................................... 11-1

11.1 Structure and Environment Specifications ................................................................... 11-1
11.2 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications ..................................................................... 11-1
11.2.1 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 0 ................................. 11-2
11.2.2 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 1 ................................. 11-2
11.2.3 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 5 ................................. 11-3
11.2.4 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 6 ................................. 11-4
11.2.5 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band 10 ......................................... 11-5
11.3 ODU3601C Cascading Specifications ......................................................................... 11-6
11.4 Transmission Link BER Threshold Specifications........................................................ 11-6

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

iv
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station List of Figures

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Structure of a BTS3606 cabinet.......................................................................... 1-1

Figure 1-2 A fully-equipped BTS3606 cabinet...................................................................... 1-2
Figure 1-3 A fully-equipped BTS3606 cabinet with an external CDDU subrack ................... 1-3
Figure 1-4 BTS3606 logical structure .................................................................................. 1-5
Figure 2-1 Functional structure of the baseband subsystem ............................................... 2-1
Figure 2-2 Slot numbers of the baseband subsystem in full configuration ........................... 2-2
Figure 3-1 Structure of the RF subsystem ........................................................................... 3-1
Figure 3-2 Slot numbers of the RF subsystem in full configuration ...................................... 3-2
Figure 4-1 Structure of the RF antenna system ................................................................... 4-1
Figure 4-2 Structure of the CXDU........................................................................................ 4-4
Figure 4-3 Principle of the CXDU combiner ......................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-4 Structure of satellite synchronization antenna .................................................... 4-6
Figure 5-1 Structure of the BTS power supply subsystem ................................................... 5-1
Figure 5-2 Functional structure of the power supply subsystem .......................................... 5-3
Figure 5-3 EAC-1................................................................................................................. 5-5
Figure 5-4 EAC-2................................................................................................................. 5-6
Figure 5-5 Power inspection module ................................................................................... 5-7
Figure 5-6 Functional structure of the EMU ......................................................................... 5-8
Figure 6-1 IEC 61312 division of the lightning protection zone ............................................ 6-2
Figure 6-2 Lightning protection for the BTS power supply (level 1 to level 4) ...................... 6-3
Figure 6-3 Lightning protection for the BTS power supply (level 5)...................................... 6-3
Figure 6-4 Connection of trunk cables to the BTS ............................................................... 6-5
Figure 6-5 Structure of the BESP ........................................................................................ 6-6
Figure 6-6 E1/T1 lightning protection unit ............................................................................ 6-7
Figure 6-7 Structure of the /4 lightning arrester.................................................................. 6-8
Figure 8-1 Various paths of the BTS signal flow .................................................................. 8-3
Figure 10-1 Configuration of the external CDDU subrack.................................................. 10-5
Figure 10-2 The PSUDC/DC subrack in full configuration.................................................. 10-6
Figure 10-3 The O(1) RF module configuration ................................................................. 10-8
Figure 10-4 The S(2/2/2) RF module configuration............................................................ 10-9

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

v
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station List of Figures

Figure 10-5 The S(6/6/6) RF module configuration.......................................................... 10-10

Figure 10-6 The S(1/1/1/1/1/1) RF module configuration ................................................. 10-11
Figure 10-7 The S(3/3/3)+S(3/3/3) RF module configuration ........................................... 10-12
Figure 10-8 The BTS star networking mode .................................................................... 10-14
Figure 10-9 The BTS chain networking mode.................................................................. 10-15
Figure 10-10 The BTS tree networking mode .................................................................. 10-16
Figure 10-11 The BTS IP networking mode ..................................................................... 10-18

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

vi
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station List of Tables

List of Tables

Table 2-1 Baseband boards ................................................................................................. 2-2

Table 2-2 Accessory facilities of the baseband..................................................................... 2-3
Table 3-1 Modules of the RF subsystem .............................................................................. 3-2
Table 3-2 Accessory facilities of the RF subsystem.............................................................. 3-3
Table 4-1 Attenuation of feeder at normal temperature ........................................................ 4-3
Table 4-2 Technical specifications of the CXDU ................................................................... 4-5
Table 5-1 Sidepower specification........................................................................................ 5-4
Table 5-2 Comparison between EACs ................................................................................. 5-5
Table 10-1 Specifications of the CCPM.............................................................................. 10-2
Table 10-2 Correspondence between channel processing capability and the number of CCPM
chips ........................................................................................................................... 10-2
Table 10-3 Specifications of the CECM.............................................................................. 10-3
Table 10-4 Capacities of a QCK1CECM with different numbers of chips ........................... 10-3
Table 10-5 Capacities of a QCK2CECM with different numbers of chips ........................... 10-3
Table 10-6 Output power of the cabinet in different cabinet modes.................................... 10-6
Table 10-7 Typical configuration of the BTS3606 ............................................................... 10-7
Table 11-1 Structure and environment specifications ......................................................... 11-1
Table 11-2 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 0.............. 11-2
Table 11-3 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 0. ................. 11-2
Table 11-4 Specifications of BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 1.................... 11-2
Table 11-5 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 1. ................. 11-3
Table 11-6 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 5.............. 11-3
Table 11-7 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 5. ................. 11-4
Table 11-8 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 6.............. 11-4
Table 11-9 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 6. ................. 11-4
Table 11-10 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 10. ......... 11-5
Table 11-11 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 10. ............. 11-5
Table 11-12 Specifications of the BTS3606 cascaded with ODU3601C ............................. 11-6
Table 11-13 The BER threshold specifications of transmission links .................................. 11-6

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

vii
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 1 Architecture Overview

Chapter 1 Architecture Overview

This chapter introduces the physical structure and the logical structure of the BTS3606.

1.1 Physical Structure

Figure 1-1 shows the structure of a BTS3606 cabinet.

(1) CDDU subrack (2) Switch box (3) Fan

(4) Combined subrack (5) Cabling trough (6) Power supply subrack
Figure 1-1 Structure of a BTS3606 cabinet

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

1-1
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 1 Architecture Overview

Figure 1-2 shows a fully-equipped BTS3606 cabinet.

C C C
Switch
D D D box

D D D

U U U Fan box

C C C C C C C C C
H T H T H T C C C
P R P R P R P P P B B
A M A M A M M M M C C
K I
C C C C C C C C C M M
M M M M M M E E E
P T P T P T C C C
A R A R A R M M M

Cabling trough

C C C C C C C C C
H T H T H T C C C
P R P R P R P P P B
A M A M A M M M M C
K
C C C C C C C C C M
M M M M M M E E E
P T P T P T C C C
A R A R A R M M M

Cabling trough

P P P

S S S

U U U

Figure 1-2 A fully-equipped BTS3606 cabinet

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

1-2
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 1 Architecture Overview

Figure 1-3 shows a fully-equipped BTS3606 cabinet with an external compact-BTS

dual duplexer unit (CDDU) subrack.

C C C
C
D D D Switch box
D
D D D
D
U U U Fan box
U
C C C C C C C C C
H T H T H T C C C
P R P R P R P P P B B
A M A M A M M MM C C
K I
C C C C C C C C C M M
M M M M M M E E E
P T P T P T C C C
A R A R A R M MM

Cabling trough
C
C C C C C C CC C
D H T H T H T CC C
P R P R P R P P P B
D A M A M A M MMM C
K
U C C C C C C CC C
M
M M M M M M E E E
P T P T P T CC C
A R A R A R MMM

Cabling trough

P P P

S S S

C U U U

Figure 1-3 A fully-equipped BTS3606 cabinet with an external CDDU subrack

A BTS3606 cabinet consists of the following components:

z CDDU Subrack
z Combined Subrack
z Power Supply Subrack
z Other Devices

I. CDDU Subrack

The CDDU subrack is located at the upper part of the cabinet. It houses CDDUs and
performs the following functions:
z Providing separate transmission channels to receive and transmit signals
z Filtering signals
z Performing duplex isolation of signals
z Dividing the receive signal into two channels

II. Combined Subrack

The combined subrack houses radio frequency (RF) modules and baseband boards.
A single-channel RF module includes:

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

1-3
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 1 Architecture Overview

z Compact-BTS transceiver module (CTRM)

z Compact-BTS high power amplifier (CHPA)
A multi-channel RF module includes:
z Compact-BTS multi-channel transceiver module (CMTR)
z Compact-BTS multi-channel power amplifier (CMPA)
The baseband boards include:
z BTS control interface module (BCIM)
z BTS control & clock module (BCKM)
z Compact-BTS channel process module (CCPM)
z Compact-BTS EVDO channel module (CECM)
z BTS high precision clock module (CHCM)

Note:
The CHCM board is optional.

III. Power Supply Subrack

The power supply subrack is configured with PSUDC/DC modules. The PSUDC/DC
converts the –48 V DC input into the +24 V DC for different parts in the BTS3606
cabinet.

IV. Other Devices

Other devices in the cabinet are:

z Fans: dissipate the heat generated by the baseband boards.
z Switch box: controls the power-up and power-down of a cabinet.
z Cabling trough: used to run RF cables.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

1-4
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 1 Architecture Overview

1.2 Logical Structure

Figure 1-4 shows the logical structure of the BTS3606.

Um
MS/AT
Baseband
subsystem Abis
RF subsystem
Antenna and feeder
BSC
subsystem

-48 V DC Enviroment monitoring

Power supply subsystem
power subsystem
input
BTS3606

Figure 1-4 BTS3606 logical structure

For details about the working principle and structure of each subsystem, refer to the
relevant chapters.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

1-5
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem

Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem

This chapter describes the functional structure of the BTS3606 baseband subsystem
and also describes each baseband board in detail.
The BTS3606 baseband subsystem performs the following functions:
z Providing Abis interface and processing the Abis interface protocol
z Providing an interface to the RF subsystem and processing the Um physical layer
and common channel (CCH) MAC layer protocols.
z Modulating/demodulating baseband data for CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000
1xEV-DO and coding/decoding on CDMA channels.
z Providing synchronization clock to the BTS.
z Performing resource management, operation and maintenance, and environment
monitoring for the BTS3606.

2.1 Functional Structure

Figure 2-1 shows the functional structure of the baseband subsystem.

E1/T1/FE BCIM
BCIM
BSC Optical interface
ODU3601C
Electrical interface
CCPM
CTRM/CMTR
Test /
BCPM
Clock bus

10 MHz
Backplane bus

equipment HPCM CECM

(optional)

Satellite signal 1PPS

receiving antenna
Other functional
BCK
BCKM
...

units of the system

M
10 MHz clock 10 MHz clock
...

cable cable

BCIM: BTS control interface module BCKM: BTS control and clock module
CECM: Compact-BTS EV-DO channel module CHCM: BTS high precision clock module
BSC: Base station controller CMTR: Compact-BTS multi-channel transceiver module
CCPM: Compact-BTS channel process module CTRM: Compact-BTS transceiver module
Figure 2-1 Functional structure of the baseband subsystem

The baseband subsystem accesses the transmission system through the E1/T1/FE
interfaces provided by the BCIM to connect to the BSC. The baseband subsystem
connects to the CTRM/CMTR through the electrical interface provided by the
CCPM/CECM, and to the MTRM of the ODU3601C through the optical interface
provided by the CCPM/CECM.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

2-1
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem

2.2 Hardware Configuration

Figure 2-2 shows the slot numbers of the baseband subsystem in full configuration.

4 2 0 0 0

C C C B B
E E E C C
M M M K I
M M

(1) (2) (3)

C C C B
E E E C
K
M M M
M

5 3 1 1

(1) Cabling trough

(2) Baseband board
(3) Slot number
Figure 2-2 Slot numbers of the baseband subsystem in full configuration

Note:
The CEM refers to the CCPM and the CECM.

Table 2-1 lists the baseband boards.

Table 2-1 Baseband boards

Board Function

BCKM Provides the BTS system clock and controls the BTS system resource.
Connects the access transmission system with the BSC. It supports
E1/T1/FE transmission, ATM/IP transmission mode, and six
BCIM
transmission link groups (IMA, UNI, FRACTIONAL ATM, FRACTIONAL
IMA, PPP, and MLPPP).
Processes the data on the CDMA2000 1X forward and reverse
CCPM
channels.
Processes the data on the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO forward and reverse
CECM
channels.
Provides stable clock signals to the BCKM and maintains the stability of
CHCM
the clock for 24 hours when the satellites cannot be traced.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

2-2
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem

Table 2-2 lists the accessory facilities of the baseband.

Table 2-2 Accessory facilities of the baseband

Board Function

BBKM Transmits the signals between the baseband boards.

The BESP is located on the top of the cabinet and implements lightning
BESP
protection with the E1/T1 trunk line.
The CSLM is located on the top of the cabinet and provides surge
CSLM protection for the environment alarm chest (EAC) and external clock
interfaces.
The CFAN is located under the switch box and functions as a baseband
CFAN
downdraught cooling system.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

2-3
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem

Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem

This chapter describes the functional structure of the BTS3606 radio frequency (RF)
subsystem and describes the RF modules.
The RF subsystem of the BTS3606 performs the following functions:
z In the forward link, the RF subsystem performs power adjustable up-conversion
and power amplification on the modulated transmission signals. It filters the
transmission signals to meet the corresponding air interface criteria.
z In the reverse link, the RF subsystem filters the signals received by the BTS
antenna to suppress out-band interference, and then performs low noise
amplification, division, noise factor adjustable frequency down-conversion, and
channel selective filtering.

3.1 Functional Structure

Figure 3-1 shows the structure of the RF subsystem.

CDDU CHPA/
CMPA

TX1 Electrical
CTRM/ interface
CCPM
CMTR
RX1

CHPA/
CMPA

TX2 Electrical
CTRM/ interface
CCPM
CMTR
RX2

CDDU: Compact-BTS dual duplexer unit

CTRM: Compact-BTS transceiver module
CHPA: Compact-BTS high power amplifier unit
CMTR: Compact-BTS multi-channel transceiver module
CMPA: Compact-BTS multi-channel power amplifier
Figure 3-1 Structure of the RF subsystem

The RF subsystem is connected with the baseband subsystem through the RF cables
and flexible boards of the backplane. It is also connected with the antenna subsystem
through the feeder interface of the CDDU.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

3-1
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem

3.2 RF Modules
Figure 3-2 shows the slot numbers of the RF subsystem in full configuration.

C C C

D D D

D D D

U U U
0 1 2

C C C C C C
H T H T H T
P R P R P R
A M A M A M

C C C C C C
M M M M M M
P T P T P T
A R A R A R
1 1 3 3 5 5
Cabling trough
C C C C C C
H T H T H T
P R P R P R
A M A M A M

C C C C C C
M M M M M M
P T P T P T
A R A R A R
0 0 2 2 4 4

Figure 3-2 Slot numbers of the RF subsystem in full configuration

Table 3-1 lists the modules of the RF subsystem.

Table 3-1 Modules of the RF subsystem

Module Function

Performs the modulation/demodulation and up/down-conversion of the

CTRM
baseband signals.

Supports modulation and demodulation of the RF subsystem signal in

CMTR
the multi-channel mode and supports up/down conversion.

Performs the high power amplification of transmitting carrier signals in

CHPA
the single-channel mode.
Amplifies the power of the transmit carrier signal in the multi-channel
CMPA
mode.
Performs the filtering and duplex isolation of two receiving/transmitting
CDDU
signals. It is one of the RF front end modules.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

3-2
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem

Table 3-2 lists the accessory facilities of the RF subsystem.

Table 3-2 Accessory facilities of the RF subsystem

Module Function

Provides channels for the signals between RF modules and also

CTBM
between the CTRM/CMTR modules and the baseband boards.
CRFM Provides the cooling system for the RF modules.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

3-3
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

This chapter describes the following two components of the BTS antenna subsystem:
z RF antenna: transmits the modulated RF signals and receives mobile station (MS)
signals.
z Satellite synchronization antenna: provides precise synchronization clock for the
CDMA system.

4.1 RF Antenna
The RF antenna system of the BTS has the following parts:
z RF antennas
z Jumpers from antennas to feeders
z Feeders
z Jumpers from feeders to the top of the cabinet
Figure 4-1 shows the structure of the RF antenna system.

Antenna

Jumper

Sector Sector Sector

Feeder α γ
β

Jumper

BTS cabinet

Figure 4-1 Structure of the RF antenna system

4.1.1 Antenna

The antenna is the end point for transmitting signals and the start point for receiving
signals. The system performance may be affected by the type, gain, coverage pattern,

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-1
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

and front-to-rear ratio of the antenna. The network designer must choose antennas
properly based on the number of subscribers and system coverage.

I. Antenna Gain

The antenna gain indicates the capability of an antenna to radiate the input power in
specific directions.
In the direction where the radiation intensity of the antenna is the strongest, the
antenna gain is higher. In such direction, the field intensity is also strong and the
antenna covers a large area. There may be, however, places in this area which are not
covered by the range of the antenna.

II. Antenna Pattern

An antenna pattern describes the radiation intensity of the antenna in all directions. The
horizontal antenna pattern is commonly considered as a standard to classify antennas.
The following are two types of BTS antenna:
z Omni antenna
z Directional antenna (120°, 90°, 65°, and 33°)

III. Polarization

Polarization describes the path of direction change of electrical field. The mobile
communication system often uses uni-polarization antennas.
The bi-polarization antennas have recently become popular. A bi-polarization antenna
has two cross-over antenna polarization directions, with an isolation of over 30 dB for
both the +45° and –45° polarization directions.
Using bi-polarization antennas reduces the number of antennas that are required
because one bi-polarization antenna replaces two independent uni-polarization
antennas.
The application of uni-polarization antenna and directional antenna is as follows:
z Uni-polarization cells use uni-polarization antenna.
z Directional cells use directional antenna.
There are two types of directional antenna: directional bi-polarization antenna and
directional polarization antenna. You can use them according to the actual
requirements.

IV. Diversity Receiving

The propagation of radio wave in an urban area has the following features:
z Slow fading: The medium value of field intensity varies gradually with places and
time according to the rule of logarithmic normal distribution.
z Fast fading: The transient value of field intensity fades selectively along multiple
transmission paths according to the rule of the Rayleigh distribution.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-2
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

The fast fading, slow fading, multipath effect, and shadow effect may affect the quality
of communication or even interrupt the communication. Diversity technology effectively
solves the problem. When there is little correlation between two fading signals,
appropriate diversity receiving and combining technology minimizes the fading effects
on signal transmission.
The diversity technology includes polarization diversity and space diversity. The
present mobile communication system can use either the horizontal space diversity or
the polarization diversity.
Space diversity is effective when the distance between two antennas is over 10
wavelengths. Polarization diversity is becoming increasingly popular because it
facilitates antenna installation and saves space.

V. Antenna Isolation

The receiving/transmitting antenna must be sufficiently isolated to minimize the impact

on the receiver. The isolation depends on the spurious emission from the transmitter
and the characteristics of the receiver.

4.1.2 Feeder and Jumper

Feeders are selected on the basis of their length and loss. Generally, standard 7/8 inch
or 5/4 inch feeders are used to connect outdoor antennas to indoor cabinets. For site
installation, you must prepare 7/16 DIN connectors based on the actual length of the
feeders laid.
You must connect feeders to tower top (or building roof) antennas and indoor cabinets
through jumpers because the 7/8 inch feeders or the 5/4 inch feeders must not be bent.
The jumper provided by Huawei has a diameter of 1/2 inch. It is 3.5 m (11.48 ft) long
and has 7/16 DIN connectors.
Table 4-1 lists the attenuation of the feeders frequently used in the project.

Table 4-1 Attenuation of feeder at normal temperature

Loss of 7/8 inch feeder Loss of 5/4 inch feeder

Band
(per 100 m or 328.08 ft) (per 100 m or 328.08 ft)

450 MHz 2.65 dB 1.87 dB

800 MHz 3.9 dB 2.8 dB
1900 MHz 5.9 dB 4.51 dB

4.1.3 CXDU of CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

With a compact-BTS 1x/DO duplexer unit (CXDU), the different BTSs of CDMA2000 1X
and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO can share one antenna subsystem in the overlay network.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-3
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

I. Structure of the CXDU

Figure 4-2 shows the structure of the CXDU.

RBPF spliter RX2

RBPF
TX-RX1
ANT TBPF

RBPF: Receiving band pass filter TBPF: Transmitting band pass filter
Figure 4-2 Structure of the CXDU

The CXDU consists of the following modules:

z RBPF: supplies receiving channels and suppresses out-band stray.
z TBPF: supplies transmission channels and suppresses out-band stray.
z Splitter: splits the received signals into two. One signal is the main of CDMA2000
1X or CDMA2000 1xEV-DO to the TX-RX1 interface through the second RBPF.
The other signal is the diversity of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO or CDMA2000 1X to RX2
interface.

II. Principle of the CXDU Combiner

The CXDU is located between the feeder and the jumper at the cabinet side.
Figure 4-3 shows the principle of the CXDU combiner for one sector.

ANT1 ANT2

CXDU CXDU

Tx/Rx1 Rx2 Rx2 Tx/Rx1

1X DO
CDDU Tx RxM RxD CDDU RxD Tx RxM

Figure 4-3 Principle of the CXDU combiner

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-4
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

Table 4-2 lists the technical specifications of the CXDU.

Table 4-2 Technical specifications of the CXDU

Dimension
(height x width x 200 mm (7.84 in.) x 160 mm (6.30 in.) x 63 mm (2.48 in.)
depth)

Weight ≤ 3 Kg (6.62 lb)

Transmitter: 869 MHz to 894 MHz

Frequency
Receiver: 824 MHz to 849 MHz
TX: 0.4 dB
Loss RX1: 4.0 dB
RX2: 3.5 dB

Isolation Transmit band: ≥ 20dB

(TX-RX1→RX2) Receive band: ≥ 30dB

Frequency If the frequency of the TX-RX1 interface is larger than 80 W for

requirement more than four hours, the parts are damaged.

4.2 Satellite Synchronization Antenna

For high system security and reliability, the BTS receives the signals from the GPS or
the GLONASS system through a satellite synchronization antenna, to implement
wireless synchronization.
A satellite synchronization antenna system consists of:
z An antenna
z A jumper from the antenna to the feeder
z Feeders
z A jumper from the feeder to the top of the cabinet (feeders and jumpers are
configured according to the requirements)
z A lightning arrester

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-5
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

Figure 4-4 shows the structure of the satellite synchronization antenna system.

Antenna

Lightning
arrester
Jumper

Feeder Antenna and

feeder interface

Jumper
Lightning
arrester

BTS cabinet

Figure 4-4 Structure of satellite synchronization antenna

Note:
z If the length of a feeder is within 100 m (328.08 ft), use the 1/2 inch feeder and
connect it to the antenna and lightning arrester without any jumper.
z If the length of a feeder is less than 300 m (984.24 ft) but more than 100 m (328.08
ft), use the 7/8 inch feeder and connect it directly to the antenna and lightning
arrester through jumpers.
z If the length of a feeder is more than 300 m (984.24 ft), use the 5/4 inch feeder and
connect it to the antenna and lightning arrester through jumpers.

4.2.1 Introduction to the GPS and the GLONASS

Generally, one BTS is configured with one set of satellite synchronization antenna. If
two BCKMs are configured to further enhance the reliability of the system, each of the
two BCKMs must be configured with one set of independent satellite synchronization
antenna.
Figure 4-4 shows two satellite synchronization antenna interfaces.
The application of the GPS and the GLONASS in the CDMA BTS is subsequently
described.

I. GPS

The GPS is an all weather satellite navigation system based on radio communication. It
provides global high-precision information about 3-D position, speed and time.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-6
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

The accuracy of the 3-D position information can go up to 10 yards (approximately 9.1
m or 29.86 ft) and that of the time signal can go up to 100 ns or above.
After the processing, the GPS time signals can be received and used as a reference
frequency.
The GPS system consists of following three parts:
z Space part: is a satellite constellation (comprising 24 satellites) of 20,183
kilometers (66,216,386.4 ft) height with an orbital period of 12 hours.
z Land control part: covers a main control center and some widely distributed
stations.
z User part: consists of GPS receivers and their supporting devices.

II. GLONASS

The GLONASS is a global satellite navigation system developed by the former Soviet
Union and taken over by Russia. It has a similar structure to the GPS but a smaller
coverage.

III. Application of the GPS and the GLONASS in the CDMA BTS

The BTS supports GPS/GLONASS synchronization mode. Two synchronization

solutions (GPS or GPS/GLONASS) are available.
In the CDMA system, the BTS uses the timing function of the GPS or the GLONASS
system. The BTS adopts intelligent software phase-locking and holdover technologies
to minimize interference, such as signal drift and jitter caused by ionosphere error and
troposphere error of the GPS or the GLONASS satellite.
Timing signals from the GPS or the GLONASS are provided with high reliability and
long-term frequency stability. The BTS is equipped with a crystal clock of high stability.
The short-term stability of this crystal clock and the long-term stability of the GPS or the
GLONASS ensure reliability and stability of the CDMA system clock.

4.2.2 Antenna

The GPS antenna and the GPS/GLONASS satellite receiving antenna are generally
used for satellite synchronization antenna.

I. GPS Antenna

The GPS antenna is an active antenna. It receives L1 band (1,565 MHz to 1,585 MHz)
GPS signals. The signals are sent to a GPS receiver integrated with the BCKM after
being processed by a narrow-band filter and then amplified by a preamplifier.

II. GPS/GLONASS Satellite Receiving Antenna

The GPS/GLONASS satellite antenna is an active antenna. It receives the L1 band

signals from the GPS and the GLONASS signals (1,602 MHz to 1,611 MHz).

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-7
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

4.2.3 Feeders and Jumpers

Generally you can use standard 1/2 inch, 7/8 inch, or 5/4 inch feeders to connect
outdoor antennas to indoor cabinets. For site installation, you must prepare 7/16 DIN
connectors based on the actual length of the feeders laid.
Before connecting feeders to the top of the cabinet, install lightning protection
grounding clips on the tower top (or building roof), middle sections of feeders, and the
spot close to the cabinet bottom. For long feeders, add lightning protection grounding
clip evenly in the middle.
Because 7/8 inch feeders are difficult to bend, connect the tower top (or building roof)
antenna with the feeder and indoor cabinet with the feeder through jumpers. Huawei
provides a 1/2 inch jumper, which is 3.5 m (11.48 ft) long and has 7/16 DIN connectors.
The feeder transmits GPS/GLONASS signals received by the GPS/GLONASS
antenna to the GPS/GLONASS receiver on the BCKM. It also supplies power to the
antenna to pre-amplify the received signals.

4.2.4 Feeder Lightning Arrester

The GPS feeders use the feeder lightning arrester to protect the equipment against
inductive lightning current within the feeder. One feeder is configured with one lightning
arrester that is installed on the BTS.
The satellite synchronization antenna system is also configured with the lightning
arrester that is installed beside the antenna.

4.2.5 Receiver

There are two types of receiver: the GPS receiver and the GPS/GLONASS receiver.

I. GPS Receiver

There are many types of GPS receiver. The following introduces a GPS receiver with
eight parallel channels.
The GPS receiver with eight parallel channels can trace eight satellites simultaneously
and trace the C/A code by receiving L1 band GPS signals.
Inside the receiver, the RF signal processor down-converts GPS signals received by
the GPS antenna, to get intermediate frequency (IF) signals.
The processor converts the IF signals into digital signals and sends them to the
eight-channel code and carrier correlator, where signal detection, code correlation,
carrier tracing and filtering are performed.
The processed signals are synchronized and sent to the micro processing unit (MPU).

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-8
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 4 Antenna Subsystem

The MPU controls the operational mode and decoding of the GPS receiver, processes
satellite data, measures pseudo distance and pseudo distance increment, to calculate
the position, speed, and time.
This receiver uses the 5 V DC. Its receiving sensitivity is –137 dBm.

II. GPS/GLONASS Receiver

The GPS/GLONASS receiver has 20 receiving channels. It operates in the same way
as the GPS receiver does. By using the cipher code, the GPS/GLONASS receiver can
be upgraded from GPS L1 to GPS/GLONASS L1+L2 or to other solutions.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

4-9
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment

Monitoring Subsystem

This chapter describes the structure, power distribution plans, and components of the
power supply and environment monitoring subsystem.

5.1 Power Supply Subsystem

This section describes the power supply subsystem.

5.1.1 Overview of Power Supply Subsystem

The BTS3606 built-in power supply unit (PSU) provides +24 V DC power for the BTS,
forming the power supply subsystem with the power distribution, lightning protection,
and power monitoring devices. To meet different requirements of power supply, –48 V
DC and +24 V DC power inputs are supported.
The power supply subsystem uses a reliable and flexible power supply solution. For
example, the BTS adopts centralized lightning protection and distributed DC power
supply solution. The power supply subsystem of each cabinet is an independent
system and each PSU has its own built-in monitoring unit. These units are connected
on the backplane. The units provide information to the BCKM to implement power
management and monitoring.
Figure 5-1 shows the structure of the entire power supply subsystem.

-48 V EMI
filter Load
Lightning protection
power distribution

Monitoring DC/DC DC/DC .... DC/DC

serial port module module . module

+24 V DC OUT

Figure 5-1 Structure of the BTS power supply subsystem

5.1.2 Power Distribution Plans

The BTS power supply subsystem supports the following three power input modes:
z +24 V DC
z –48 V DC
z –220 V DC

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-1
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

I. +24 V DC Power Input Mode

When +24 V DC power input is adopted, the EMI filter filters the +24 V DC input power,
and then sends it to the distribution copper busbar of the DC power distribution box on
the top of the cabinet.

Note:
For the +24 V DC power input mode, the voltage drop of the cable between the +24 V
DC power system and the input port of the BTS3606 must be less than or equal to
0.5 V.

II. –48 V DC Power Input Mode

When the –48 V DC power input is adopted, the –48 V DC input power is processed as
follows:
1) The EMI filter filters the –48 V DC input power and sends it to the wiring terminal
on the top of the cabinet, and then to the input busbar on the backplane of the
power subrack.
2) The PSUDC/DC converts the –48 V DC input power into the +24 V DC power and
outputs it to the output busbar on the backplane of the power subrack. The +24 V
DC power is then led to the distribution copper busbar of the BTS direct current
switch box (BDCS) on the top of the cabinet through the cables in the wiring
cabling trough.
To ensure normal power supply to other units when one PSUDC/DC fails due to
over-current, the BDCS is equipped with a protection device for each power
consumption unit. The distribution copper busbar is led through the over-current
protection device, and then is connected to the terminal of the rear panel of the
distribution box. These terminals supply power to each power consumption unit.
Compared with the +24 V DC input mode, the –48 V DC power input mode requires
DC/DC power supply units (PSUDC/DC). The PSUDC/DC converts the –48 V DC power into
the +24 V DC power and outputs it to the output busbar on the backplane of the power
subrack.
The PSUDC/DC outputs +24 V DC power to the BDCS through the copper busbar on the
rear column. Then, the distribution copper busbar in the BDCS distributes +24 V DC
power to the various power consumption units that connect to the output terminals of
the terminal block.
The lightning protection alarm indicator and –48 V DC power status indicator are
available on the BDCS.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-2
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

A fully-configured power supply subsystem has three PSUDC/DC modules. The output
power of these three PSUDC/DC modules is the same. They support online insertion and
removal.
Figure 5-2 shows the functional structure of the power supply subsystem.
Switch box

Indicator
PCB
- 48 V IN
DC/DC

GND

DC/DC

...
DC/DC

Connection terminal

... - 48 V DC indicator
PSUDC/DC subrack Lightning protection on the
cabinet top

PGND

DU CTRM0 CTRM1 CTRM2 CTRM3 CTRM5

Service element

Figure 5-2 Functional structure of the power supply subsystem

III. –220 V DC Power Input Mode

When the –220 V DC power input is adopted, the BTS3606 must be configured with a
Sidepower to realize the conversion from –220 V DC input power into +24 V DC input
power to support AC input power.
The Sidepower outputs +24 V DC input power. The EMI filter filters the +24 V DC input
power and then sends it to the distribution copper busbar of the DC power distribution
box on the top of the cabinet.
The Sidepower consists of:
z PSU
You can configure 2–10 PSUs. A standard configuration has 6 PSUs.
z Monitoring module
The monitoring module consists of the monitoring center unit and the monitoring
interface board.
The monitoring center unit processes signals and delivers commands.
The monitoring interface board collects signals and inputs channels.
z Alternating current unit (ACU)
The ACU supports 220 V DC/110 V DC single-phase and three-phase inputs.
z Direct current unit (DCU)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-3
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

It inputs the battery power and outputs +24 V power to load equipment and –48 V
power to transmission equipment.
Table 5-1 lists the Sidepower specification.

Table 5-1 Sidepower specification

Dimension
(height x width x 1,462 mm (57.56 in.) x 300 mm (11.81 in.) x 450 mm (17.72 in.)
depth)

Weight ≤ 100 kg (220.5 lb)

Long term: –5°C to +45°C (23°F to 113°F)

Working
temperature Short term: –5°C to –20°C (+23°F to –4°F) and 45°C to +55°C
(113°F to 131°F)
176 V to 290 V
Input voltage
90 V to 176 V
176 V to 290 V: 27V/500A input
Output current
90 V to 176 V: 27V/250A input (rated load in full configuration)

5.2 Environment Monitoring Subsystem

Generally, BTS equipment rooms are located away from each other and are not
attended by maintenance engineers. Compared with switch equipment rooms, the BTS
equipment rooms have fewer and simpler facilities, and the system operates in poor
environment. To ensure the normal operation of BTS and to handle accidents,
environment monitoring system is required.
The environment monitoring subsystem of the BTS consists of the following
components:
z BTS alarm interface
z Environment alarm chest (EAC)
z Power inspecting board (PIB)
z Environment monitoring unit (EMU).
The environment monitoring interface of the BTS3606 is located in the EAC interface
on the top of the cabinet.

5.2.1 EAC

The EAC collects external environment information. If the alarm condition is met, an
alarm will be generated and sent to the BSC.
There are two types of EACs: EAC-1 and EAC-2. Table 5-2 lists the comparison
between them.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-4
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

Table 5-2 Comparison between EACs

Item EAC-1 EAC-2

Number of extended
10 32
alarm ports supported
Supported BTS type GSM/CDMA GSM/CDMA/WCDMA

The EAC consists of the following components:

z Host
z Temperature and humidity sensor
z Smoke sensor
z Infrared tube
z Door status switch
Each sensor connects to the host through cables.
Figure 5-3 shows the appearance of the EAC-1.

Figure 5-3 EAC-1

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-5
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

Figure 5-4 shows the appearance of the EAC-2.

Figure 5-4 EAC-2

The EAC performs the following functions:

z Using external sensors to monitor in real time the environment parameters, such
as the temperature, humidity, smoke, and illegal access in the equipment room.
z Reporting fire, smoke, temperature, humidity, water immersion alarms, and other
three types of anti-burglar alarms. When the alarm condition is met, the EAC
sends alarm signals to the BTS through the alarm signal cable and drives related
protection devices, such as fire extinguisher, humidifier, dehumidifier, or burglar
proof.
z Providing keys on the control panel and displaying time.
z Allowing users to issue commands to the EAC from the control center to modify
parameters or to drive protection devices.

Note:
You cannot configure an EAC and a Sidepower simultaneously.

5.2.2 PIB

As a supplement to the EAC, the PIB monitors the power supply to the BTS. If the PIB
cannot detect any mains power input, it sends alarms to the BSC through the BTS. The
PIB can connect to the BTS directly or report alarms to the BTS through the EAC.
The PIB is installed in a white metal box.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-6
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

Figure 5-5 shows the appearance of the power inspection module.

Figure 5-5 Power inspection module

There are three indicators (A, B, and C) on the power inspecting module. These
indicators indicate whether the supply of A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase is normal. If
the indicator is on, the power supply is normal. If the indicator is off, the power supply is
faulty.
The PIB performs the following functions:
z Monitoring the mains power supply to the BTS. It can detect power supply
interruption and phase insufficiency of the three-phase power and form a
two-channel Boolean value.
z Detecting the power supply and power interruption status of one phase (any one of
the three phases) if the BTS is supplied by the single-phase power.

5.2.3 EMU

When the BTS3606 is configured with a Sidepower, the EMU must also be configured.
You must configure the Sidepower first and then the EMU.
The EMU consists of:
z Power circuit unit
z CPU
z Circuit for checking Boolean value signals
z Circuit for checking analog signals
z Circuit with RS485 serial port

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-7
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 5 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Subsystem

Figure 5-6 shows the functional structure of the EMU.

Circuit for checking

Boolean value signals
Circuit for checking
CPU analog signals

Circuit with RS485

serial port

＋5 V
+24 V/+12 V/
＋24 V +5 V/+3.3 V
Power circuit unit

Figure 5-6 Functional structure of the EMU

The EMU performs the following tasks:

z The CPU of the EMU provides running status of the boards and reports the alarm.
z The EMU provides the collection interface of the analog signals and check the
collection signals input of the analog value.
z The EMU obtains all Boolean values from the circuit for checking Boolean value
signals through the bus in the read-write mode.
z The EMU communicates with the BCKM through the RS485 serial port with the
EMU as secondary node.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-8
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

This chapter describes the principle and methods of lightning protection and grounding.

6.1 Overview of Lightning Protection and Grounding

Lightning protection and grounding are two important measures to ensure personnel
safety and the equipment safety.

6.1.1 Lightning Protection

Lightning protection system for communication equipment includes the external

lightning protection system and the internal lightning protection system.
The external lightning protection system protects the equipment against direct lightning
strike, including lightning receivers, downleads, and grounding devices.
The internal lightning protection system protects the equipment against indirect strike,
such as thunderbolt induction, reverse lightning strike, lightning wave intrusion, and
other lightning strikes that might endanger human beings and equipment.

6.1.2 Equipment Grounding

The purpose of equipment grounding is to protect the equipment against external

electromagnetism interference and to ensure the safety of human beings and the
equipment.
Grounding is the most important aspect of lightning protection. A good grounding
system provides the equipment with a low-impedance lightning electricity discharging
channel.

6.2 BTS Lightning Protection

Effective lightning protection measures are taken for each part of the BTS3606 system.

6.2.1 Lightning Protection Principle

The lightning protection measures for telecommunication equipment must observe the
following principles:
z Systematic protection
Because communication devices are extensively connected and lightning surge is
everywhere, protection on only equipment level or board level is not enough. The
system environment of the sites must be studied seriously to take systematic
protection measures.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-1
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

z Probability protection
Lightning occurs randomly and the lightning parameters are measurable.
Lightning protection devices cannot prevent the generation of lightning strikes or
suppress over-voltage and over-current. Although there is a small probability of
destructive lightning, the cost of protection is considerable.
z Multi-level protection
Multi-level protection indicates protecting different electromagnetic environments
according to their level. To specify electromagnetic environments (degree of the
lightning electromagnetic pulse) of each area and the location of the equipotential
connection point of area border, the IEC 61312 divides the lightning protection
area into several lightning protection zones, such as LPZ0A, LPZ0B, LPZ1, and
LPZ2, as shown in Figure 6-1.

LPZ0A is not likely to be

Antenna attached by direct lighnting
Hole (such as window) attenuation in electromagnetic
field
LPZ0B is not likely to be
attached by direct lighnting Pole or fence
Power cable
attenuation in
electromagnetic field
LPZ2 EM field
further attenuation

LPZ1 is not likely to be

Equipment
attacked by direct lightning
attenuation in electromagnetic
field

Metal (pipe) Communication cable

Figure 6-1 IEC 61312 division of the lightning protection zone

The BTS equipment is located in the LPZ1. Communication cables, power cables, and
antennae are placed in the LPZ0A. Different protection measures are taken in different
zones.
The multi-level protection requires equipotential connection to minimize potential
difference between the metal parts and the systems. Equipotential connection indicates
using conductors or surge protectors to connect the lightning devices, metal framework
of buildings, foreign conductor, electrical appliances, or telecommunication equipment
located in the area of lightning protection zone.
To lower the probability of lightning attack on the BTS, consider the following three
aspects:

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-2
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

z Protection system of the room (site) where the BTS is located

z BTS internal lightning protection system
z Cooperation between the previous two systems

6.2.2 Lightning Protection for Power Supply

The lightning protection for the BTS3606 power supply is implemented through the
lightning arrester installed on the top of the cabinet.
The BTS power supply subsystem is protected by five levels of measures. Figure 6-2
shows the different levels of protection from level 1 to level 4.

6 kV 4 kV 2.5 kV 1.5 kV
Level-1 Level-2 Level-3 Level-4
protection protection protection protection

3-phase AC
.
. AC/DC
.

Great power- Considerable, Normal power- Low power-

absorbing capability, power-absorbing absorbing capability, absorbing
slow response, at capability, normal quick response, in capability, very
cable inlet of the response, at the AC front of rectifier quick response, in
room, optional distribution point module rectifier module

Figure 6-2 Lightning protection for the BTS power supply (level 1 to level 4)

Level 5 protection device is a built-in integrated lightning arrester on the top of the
cabinet.
Figure 6-3 shows the level 5 protection device.

-48 V

EMI

Lightning arrester

GND

PGND

Wiring term inal

Figure 6-3 Lightning protection for the BTS power supply (level 5)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-3
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

The DC lightning arrester is described in the following sections.

I. Features

The features of the DC lightning arrester are:

z Temperature controlled fusing technology and built-in over-current protection
circuit to prevent fire
z Multiple autonomous current equalization technology used to withstand
successive lightning attack
z Common mode and differential mode protection
z Low residual voltage
z Dual color working status indication
z Remote alarm node
z Compact size and easy installation

II. Input Specifications

The input specifications of the DC lightning arrester are:

z Input mode: –48 V DC
z Operating voltage range: –40 V DC to –60 V DC
z Maximum input current: 30 kA

III. Wiring Scheme

The positive and negative poles of the power cord are connected with the V+ and V–
terminals of the lightning arrester.
The PE end is connected to the grounding copper bar for lightning protection.

IV. Lightning Protection Specifications

The specifications of the lightning protection are:

z Maximum through flow: 30 kA, single time, 8/20 s surge current wave
z Rated through flow: 5 kA, five times for positive and negative poles each, 8/20s
surge current wave
z Residual voltage: 250 V

V. Indicator and Alarm Node

If the green indicator is on and the red indicator is off:

z The power input is normal.
z The lightning arrester works normally.
If the green indicator is off and the red indicator is on:
z The power input is abnormal.
z Components in the lightning arrester are damaged, protection effect is
deteriorated.
z The device must be replaced immediately.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-4
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

The alarm node is a permanent closed contact. It is closed when the lightning arrester
is normal and it is open when the arrester fails. Its regulated current is equal to or less
than 1 A.

VI. Dimensions of the Lightning Arrester

The dimensions of the lightning arrester are:

41 mm (1.61 in. long) x 95 mm (3.74 in. wide) x 59 mm (2.32 in. high)

6.2.3 Lightning Protection for Trunk Cables

The BTS supports three types of trunk cable:

z 75-ohm coaxial cable (E1)
z 120-ohm twisted pair (E1)
z 100-ohm twisted pair (T1)
The BESP on the top of the cabinet provides lightning protection for these trunk cables.

I. Connection of Trunk Cables to the BTS

Figure 6-4 shows the connection of trunk cables to the BTS.

75/120/100 ohm BTS

75/120/100 ohm

BESP
Transmission BCIM
equipment

Grounding bar of the

room

Figure 6-4 Connection of trunk cables to the BTS

II. BESP

The E1/T1 interfaces of the BTS are protected by a BESP on the top of the cabinet.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-5
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

Due to the limited space available and for convenient installation, two identical BESPs
are used. Each BESP has eight pairs (16 PCS) of E1/T1 lightning protection units, one
DB37 connector, and two DB25 connectors, as shown in Figure 6-5.

Into the

DB25
cabinet
(8 pairs of E1/T1) Out from the
cabinet
(4 pairs of E1/T1)

DB37 16 E1/T1 lightning

protection units

DB25
Out from the
Fixing hole cabinet
(4 pairs of E1/T1)

Figure 6-5 Structure of the BESP

The E1/T1 lightning protection unit has two lead-in lines connected with DB25, two
lead-out lines connected with DB37, and one PGND. The PGNDs of all lightning
protection units can be interconnected.
DB37 are male connectors and DB25 are female connectors, connecting eight pairs of
shielded E1/T1 cables. The 75-ohm, 100-ohm and 120-ohm impedance match can be
provided by the cables.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-6
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

Figure 6-6 shows the lightning protection unit.

Core

Lead in Lead out

DB25
DB37

Sheath

PGND

Figure 6-6 E1/T1 lightning protection unit

6.2.4 Lightning Protection for the Antenna System

The antenna system must be placed within the protection range of the lightning rod. It is
the precondition of the lightning protection design.

I. Lightning Protection for the RF Antenna System

The purpose of the lightning protection for the RF antenna port is to protect against
secondary lightning attack (the inductive lightning). Inductive lightning means that the
feeder receives inductive current at the moment of lightning attack, causing damage to
the equipment.
Inductive lightning can be prevented using the following methods:
z The feeder is grounded at least at three points. The number of grounding points
depends on the length of the feeder.
z For BTS working at 450 MHz band or 800 MHz band, the RF antenna and feeder
part and CDDU are grounded through an internal path. The lightning current
induced by the antenna and feeder can be directly discharged to the ground
through the grounding point.

II. Lightning Protection for the GPS/GLONASS Synchronization Antenna

To protect the GPS/GLONASS synchronization antenna against the lightning strike,

you can use the following methods:
z The feeder is grounded at least at three points. The number of grounding points
depends on the length of the feeder.
z The external lightning protector is used. In normal condition, a lightning arrester is
connected at the BTS side to avoid possible damage to the BTS equipment
caused by the lightning current induced by the feeder.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-7
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

6.2.5 Lightning Protection for the CDDU

When the BTS works at 450 MHz band, 800 MHz band, and 1900 MHz band, a /4
lightning arrester must be built in the CDDU. Therefore, no external antenna lightning
arrester is required during the construction.

I. Structure and Principle of the /4 Lightning Arrester

Figure 6-7 shows the structure of the /4 lightning arrester.

External
conductor
λ/4 conductor

Internal
conductor

Figure 6-7 Structure of the /4 lightning arrester

Internal and external conductors are connected through the /4 conductor. The
resistance is infinite when calculated by frequency of the transmitted RF signal.
For the RF signal, the internal and external conductors are isolated. Therefore,
transmission of signals is not affected.
For low frequency signals (such as lightning) short-circuit occurs between the internal
and external conductors. Therefore, the current of the lightning received by the feeder
internal conductor is released to the ground directly, and does not damage the
equipment.

II. Features of the /4 Lightning Arrester

The features of the /4 are:

z Excellent performance
The through-flow can go up to 8 kA.
z High reliability
The residual voltage is several volts.

6.2.6 Lightning Protection for Serial Port

The lightning protection for serial port is implemented through the CSLM on the top of
the cabinet. When a surge occurs to the alarm box and the external clock interface, the
surge current is discharged by sending the signals to the CSLM through the serial port
cable.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-8
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding

6.3 BTS Equipment Grounding

Effective grounding measures are taken for each part of the BTS3606.

6.3.1 Internal Grounding of the Cabinet

The procedure for internal grounding of the cabinet is as follows:

z Install grounding terminals at the cable top and the door of the cabinet.
z Install busbars with common grounding cables in the cabinet. All equipment must
be connected to the grounding system of the cabinet by the grounding cables.
z Ensure that various metal components of the BTS3606 are of high electric
conductivity and no insulation paint is applied to the connection points of metal
components.
z Connect metal shells of the subracks, the power distribution unit, and the PSU to
the metallic mechanical parts in the cabinet.

6.3.2 External Grounding of Cabinet

The procedure for external grounding of the cabinet is as follows:

z Connect the protection grounding (PGND) cable from the PGND of BTS3606 to
the nearest grounding copper bar of the equipment room.
z If a cabling rack is used for installation, connect both ends of the cabling rack to
the ground with separate grounding cables, to discharge surplus electric charge
caused by lightning strike or electric power induction.

6.3.3 Grounding of AC Lightning Arrester

The AC lightning arrester is grounded by connecting its PE end to the lightning

protection grounding copper bar.

6.3.4 Grounding of Trunk Cables

The trunk cables are grounded through the BESP. The coaxial cables are grounded,
while the twisted pairs are not grounded.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

6-9
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 7 Reliability

Chapter 7 Reliability

This chapter describes the system reliability, hardware reliability, and software reliability
measures of the BTS3606.

7.1 System Reliability

This section describes the measures employed by the BTS3606 to improve system
reliability.

7.1.1 De-rating Design

De-rating design lowers the electrical stress and temperature stress on the high-power
or heat-generating components to a value smaller than the rated one. It decelerates
aging of the components and also prolongs the service life of the components.

7.1.2 Quality Control of Components

The category, specifications and manufacturers of the components are carefully

selected on the basis of the following requirements:
z Highly reliable
z Easy maintenance
z Easily replaceable
All the components must be of high quality and it is ensured by burn-in tests and strict
inspection. Strict quality control is implemented during the assembly process to ensure
high reliability and stability in the long run.

7.1.3 Thermal Design

To minimize the impact of temperature changes on product performance, the thermal

design focuses on the following aspects:
z Component selection
z Circuit design
z Mechanical design
z Heat dissipation
The thermal design ensures that the BTS3606 operates reliably in a wide range of
temperature.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

7-1
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 7 Reliability

7.1.4 Threshold for Closing CHPA/CMPA

The BTS3606 is designed with a threshold for closing the CHPA/CMPA. If the
temperature of the air intake vent at the baseband subrack exceeds 60°C, the
CHPA/CMPA is closed. You can set the temperature threshold.

7.1.5 EMC Design

The EMC design ensures that the electromagnetic interference (EMI) from other
equipment has no impact on the BTS3606 performance and also the electromagnetic
interference (EMI) from BTS3606 has no impact on the performance of the other
equipment.

7.1.6 Redundancy Design

For the purpose of reliability, the system is designed with several units of the same type.
The system does not fail until all units become faulty at the same time.

7.1.7 Reliability Measures for Input Power

The BTS3606 provides the following measures to ensure the reliability of its input
power:
z Protection against reverse connection of power supply
z Testing on the input voltage, and generating alarms when the voltage is too low or
too high
z Protection against sharp voltage drop and lightning strikes
z Protection of program and data in case of power failure

7.1.8 Maintainability Design

Minimal internal wiring of the BTS3606 enables easy board replacement. To replace a
faulty board, remove the cables of the particular board.
The board can be removed and inserted directly from the front of the cabinet.
In addition, board indicators are provided to help identify board status.

7.1.9 Fault Monitoring and Handling

The BTS3606 system detects software and hardware faults. It records, outputs, and
prints fault information. It also collects environment information and generates alarms if
there is any exception.
When faults occur to the hardware, the system first locates the fault, then isolates the
faulty component and automatically activates the standby components to ensure
normal operation.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

7-2
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 7 Reliability

The system confirms a hardware fault through repeated detection, thus avoiding the
reconfiguration of the system or the degradation of QoS due to contingent faults.
For software faults, the system provides automatic error-correction and recovery
functions such as the automatic restart function.
The BTS3606 also records, outputs, and notifies users of critical faults through the
network management system. Therefore, users can easily operate and maintain the
system through a maintenance console.

7.2 Hardware Reliability

This section describes the measures employed by the BTS3606 to improve hardware
reliability.

7.2.1 Protection Against Wrong Insertion of Boards

When a board is inserted into a wrong slot, the special guide pins prevent the board
from touching the backplane. This avoids possible damage to the backplane owing to
wrong insertion.

7.2.2 BCKM Active-Standby Switchover

The active BCKM backs up the configuration files and operational data to the standby
BCKM periodically. If a critical fault occurs to the active BCKM, the standby BCKM will
become active to ensure the normal operation and synchronization between the active
clock and the standby clock.

7.2.3 BCIM/BCKM Power Backup

The power modules of the BCIM and BCKM are mutually backed up. When the power
module of one board fails, the power module of another board is used.

7.2.4 N+1 Redundancy for Baseband Fans

The baseband fans work in the N+1 redundancy mode, with one standby fan. When
one fan fails, the standby fan starts working to ensure that the cooling effect is
maintained.

7.2.5 Abis Interface Link Backup

The BTS3606 supports Abis interface link backup function to improve the reliability of
the links. If the active link is faulty, the system automatically carries out active-standby
link switchover.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

7-3
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 7 Reliability

7.2.6 CE Pool Design for CCPMs

The CCPMs operate in the CE pool mode. They are connected into a daisy chain to
maximize the utilization of channel resources and enable flexible channel capacity
configuration for each sector carrier.

7.2.7 Status Monitoring and Alarm Report

The BCKM monitors the status of other boards or modules, and reports alarms when
fault occurs.

7.2.8 Distributed Power Supply

The BTS3606 adopts a distributed power supply. The DC/DC power modules work in
the N+1 redundancy mode.
When an error occurs to a power module, an alarm is generated and sent to the BAM.
You can replace the faulty module even when the system is running.

7.3 Software Reliability

This section describes the measures employed by the BTS3606 to improve software
reliability.

7.3.1 Periodic Check of Key Resources

The BTS3606 checks the software resources that are used for a long time. If certain
resource becomes unavailable owing to software error, it releases that particular
resource and outputs logs and alarms.

7.3.2 Process Monitoring

Process monitoring provides a channel for identifying and reporting various software
and hardware faults while the software is running. This function helps you to monitor
the running status of a specific task or system and reports the information to related
devices.

7.3.3 Data Check

Data check consists of the following functions:

z Checking the consistency of data on different processing boards, restoring the
data, and outputting logs and alarms.
z Checking the consistency of the data entered by the user to ensure correct
reference relation among data.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

7-4
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 7 Reliability

7.3.4 Fault Isolation

In the BTS3606, if a fault occurs to a software module, other software modules will not
be affected.
The BTS3606 software also features powerful fault tolerance and correction capability.
A minor operation exception will not cause system restart.

7.3.5 Black Box Function

If a fatal error occurs to a board of a BTS3606, the system prompts to replace the board
and records the associated information on the Flash memory of the board.

7.3.6 Self-Test

You can perform self-test on the BTS3606 system, its boards and backplanes to locate
problems efficiently and accurately.

7.3.7 Optimization of Standing Wave Alarm Detection

The optimization of standing wave alarm detection greatly increases the accuracy of
detecting the BTS3606 standing wave alarms.

7.3.8 Upgrade Reversibility

The BTS3606 allows program and data restoration. When an upgrade fails, you can
restore the original program and data configuration.

7.3.9 Log Function

The O&M software can automatically record user's operations and save them into a log
file.
When an unknown error occurs to the system, you can refer to the log files to find out
the normal status for the purpose of fault location or data restoration.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

7-5
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow

Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow

This chapter describes the signal flow of the BTS3606 supporting CDMA2000 1X.

8.1 Overview of the BTS Signal Flow

The BTS signals include:
z Abis traffic signal
z Abis signaling signal
z Operation and maintenance (O&M) signal
z Clock signal
z Local maintenance terminal (LMT) signal
These signals follow various types of flow in the transmission path from the Abis
interface to the Um interface, as shown in Figure 8-1. The types of flow are indicated by
different colors.

Note:
The RF signal flow varies with the BTS configurations. Figure 8-1 shows the signal flow
of the S (2/2/2) configuration in the single-channel mode.

8.1.1 Abis Signal

The Abis traffic signals, the Abis signaling, and the O&M signals are adapted and
carried through the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) protocols. At different
interfaces, the ATM/IP links are carried by different physical links.
z At the Abis interface, the physical link is E1/T1 link.
z Between the baseband processing boards, the physical links are cell buses.
Baseband signals (Abis traffic signals and Abis signaling signals) are processed by the
CTRM/CMTR and converted into RF signals before the transmission. In the reverse
direction, the CTRM/CMTR receives RF signals and converts them into baseband
signals.

8.1.2 Clock Signal

As a synchronization system, the CDMA2000 1X requires a precise clock reference for

synchronization.
Figure 8-1 shows that satellite synchronization signals serve as the clock reference.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

8-1
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow

8.1.3 Local Telnet Maintenance Signal

The BTS provides an interface for local maintenance, through which you can operate
and maintain the BTS by using MML commands.
Compared with signals coming from a remote terminal through the BSC, local Telnet
maintenance signals are a type of O&M signals from the local maintenance terminal.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

8-2
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow

CCPM
CellBus
Antenna
C CHPA CDDU &
T MR1 Feeder
E1/T1/FE R DR1

CellBus M MR0

Abis traffic BCKM CCPM

DR1
Circuit Interface C
Abis signaling T MR0
BSC MC
BCIM R MR1

...
M CHPA
BAM OAM

...

...

...
25 MHz Antenna
C CHPA CDDU &
OMU T MR1 Feeder
CCPM
R DR1
M MR0
MMI 2 S, 25 MHz
16×1.228MHz C DR1
CLK
2S T MR0
1 PPS, UTC R
10 MHz CCPM MR1
M CHPA

Satellite Receiver
Clock Signal
Antenna & Feeder
RF singal
Abis traffic signal
Abis signaling signal

OAM Signal

Figure 8-1 Various paths of the BTS signal flow

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

8-3
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow

8.2 Signal Flow of Traffic Channel

The Abis traffic signal is carried by the traffic channel (TCH). The fundamental channel
(FCH) and the dedicated control channel (DCCH) carry voice traffic and in-band
signaling. The supplemental channel (SCH) carries data traffic.
The signal flow in the forward and reverse directions is described in the following
topics.

8.2.1 Forward Traffic Signal Flow

In the forward direction, the traffic signals are processed as follows:

1) The BSC sends the ATM cells or the IP packets to the BCIM through the E1/T1/FE
links.
2) The BCIM processes the ATM cells through the IMA/IP packets. Then under the
control of the BCKM, the ATM cells are sent to the CCPM through the cell bus.
3) The CCPM processes channels covering coding, interleaving, spreading,
modulating, and multiplexing. After the processing, the baseband signals carrying
the Abis traffic (received over the FCH, SCH, and DCCH) from the BCIM are sent
to the CTRM/CMTR.
4) The CTRM/CMTR performs demultiplexing, up-conversion, and filtering on the
received baseband signals. Then the CHPA/CMPA amplifies baseband signals.
5) The CHPA/CMPA amplifies the signals and forwards them to the CDDU, which
transmits the signals through the antenna and feeder system.

8.2.2 Reverse Traffic Signal Flow

In the reverse direction, the signals are processed as follows:

1) Through the main and diversity antennas, the CDDU receives two CDMA signals
from the MS, and then sends them to the CTRM/CMTR.
2) The CTRM/CMTR performs filtering, down-conversion and multiplexing on the
main and diversity signals, and sends them to the CCPM through the electrical
port.
3) The CCPM processes channels covering demultiplexing, demodulating,
de-interleaving, and decoding. Then, under the control of the BCKM, the
baseband signals carrying the Abis traffic (received over the FCH, SCH and
DCCH), are sent to the BCIM through the cell bus in the form of ATM cells.
4) The BCIM processes the ATM cells through the IMA, and then sends them to the
BSC over the E1/T1 link.

8.3 Signal Flow of Common Signaling Channel

Common signaling channel signal includes out-of-band signaling signal and BTS
control signaling.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

8-4
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow

The BTS control signaling is parameters or control messages sent from the BSC to the
BTS for processing. The BTS control signaling is not transmitted in the RF signal mode.
For example, the BSC sends the PN code to the BTS for the channel board processing.
The CSCH carries the common signaling channel signal. The flow in the forward and
the reverse directions are explained in the following topics.

8.3.1 Forward Signaling Flow

In the forward direction, the signaling is processed as follows:

1) The BSC sends the ATM cells or IP packets to the BCIM through the E1/T1/FE
links.
2) The BCIM processes the ATM cells/IP packets, and then the MCU of the BCKM
processes and sends them to the CCPM through the cell bus.
3) The CCPM processes channels covering demultiplexing, demodulating,
de-interleaving, and decoding the baseband signals from the BCIM carrying Abis
signaling (received over PCH). Then, the baseband signals are sent to the
CTRM/CMTR.
4) The CTRM/CMTR performs multiplexing, up-conversion, and filtering the
baseband signals, and sends them to the CHPA/CMPA.
5) The CHPA/CMPA amplifies the baseband signals and sends them to the CDDU.
Then the antenna system transmits the baseband signals.

8.3.2 Reverse Signaling Flow

In the reverse direction, the signaling is processed as follows (a reverse process of

forward signaling flow):
1) Through the main and diversity antennas, the CDDU receives two CDMA signals
transmitted from the MS. Then it sends the signals to the CTRM/CMTR.
2) The CTRM/CMTR performs filtering, down-conversion and multiplexing on the
main and diversity signals, and sends them to the CCPM.
3) The CCPM processes channels covering demultiplexing, demodulating,
de-interleaving, and decoding. Then under the control of the BCKM, the baseband
signals carrying the Abis traffic (received over the ACH) are sent to the BCIM
through the cell bus in the form of ATM cells.
4) The BCIM processes the ATM cells through the IMA, and then sends them to the
BSC over the E1/T1 link.
5) The BCIM processes the ATM cells and IP packet adapted with the Abis link and
sends them to the BSC over the E1/T1/FE link.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

8-5
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 8 BTS Signal Flow

8.4 O&M Signal Flow

The operation and maintenance of the BTS, originated either from the remote BAM or
from the local maintenance terminal, are implemented by the operation and
maintenance unit (OMU) on the BCKM.
For the direction of the signal flow, see Figure 8-1.

8.5 Clock Signal Flow

The BCKM receives satellite signals and 1PPS signals through the GPS/GLONASS
synchronization antenna.
The BCKM uses the 1PPS signals as its reference source. The CLK unit processes
these signals to generate the 25 MHz clock, and the 2s and 16Fc clocks (19.6608 MHz)
required by the CCPM.
The BCKM also synthesizes the 2s and the 10 MHz signals required by the test
devices.
The detailed description of clock signal flow is as follows:
z The BCIM obtains the 25 MHz clock signals from the clock bus. Although the
BCKM provides the BCIM with the 2s and 16Fc clock signals, the BCIM does not
use them. Instead, the BCIM uses the clock signals generated by the internal
oscillator and in turn provides these clock signals to major chips.
z The CCPM obtains the 2s signals, 25 MHz signals, and 16Fc signals from the
clock bus. These signals are processed to generate the internal clock signals
required by the CCPM. The 2s signals are processed to generate the 2s signals
required by CSM5000.
z The CTRM/CMTR obtains the 10 MHz clock signals from the BCKM through clock
cables. These signals are processed by clock units of the CTRM/CMTR to
generate other clock signals required by the CTRM/CMTR.
z The ODU3601C obtains the 1Fc signals from optical fibers connected with the
upper-level BTS when the ODU3601C is cascaded, and then converts them into
100Fc signals for the ODU3601C.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

8-6
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 9 BTS Features

Chapter 9 BTS Features

This chapter describes the following features of the BTS3606:

z Compatibility with Single-Channel Transceiver Module and Multi-Channel
Transceiver Module
z Compatibility with CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
z Hybrid Configuration

9.1 Compatibility with Single-Channel Transceiver Module

and Multi-Channel Transceiver Module
The BTS3606 supports the compatibility with single-channel transceiver module and
multi-channel transceiver module simultaneously.

9.1.1 Comparison of Single-Channel Transceiver Module and Multi-Channel

Transceiver Module

I. Single-Channel Transceiver Module

The single-channel transceiver module can process one carrier signal. In full
configuration, a BTS3606 cabinet can accommodate six single-channel transceiver
modules. It can realize the S(2/2/2) configuration with a maximum of six sector carriers.

II. Multi-Channel Transceiver Module

The multi-channel transceiver module can process three carrier signals. It consists of
compact-BTS multi-channel transceiver module (CMTR) and compact-BTS
multi-channel power amplifier (CMPA). In full configuration, a BTS3606 cabinet can
accommodate six multi-channel units. It can realize the S(6/6/6) configuration with a
maximum of 18 sector carriers.

9.1.2 Compatibility Solution

To realize the compatibility with the single-channel transceiver module and the
multi-channel transceiver module, the BTS3606 cabinet must be configured with
different transceiver modules.
The compatibility with CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO can be realized by:
z Configuring single-channel transceiver modules (CTRM/CHPA, CTRM/CMPA,
and CMTR/CHPA) to support the single-channel mode.
z Configuring multi-channel transceiver modules (CMTR/CMPA) to support the
multi-channel mode.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

9-1
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 9 BTS Features

9.2 Compatibility with CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000

1xEV-DO
The BTS3606 is compatible with both CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO. It supports the
CDMA2000 1X standard and 1xEV-DO standard simultaneously and realizes
CDMA2000 1X/CDMA2000 1xEV-DO hybrid networking.
The compatibility with CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO can be realized by:
z Configuring 1X channel processing modules to support CDMA2000 1X.
z Configuring DO channel processing modules to support CDMA2000 1xEV-DO.
The BTS3606 supports the following three working modes:
z CDMA2000 1X mode
z CDMA2000 1xEV-DO mode
z CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO hybrid mode

9.3 Hybrid Configuration

The BTS3606 supports hybrid configuration of boards and modules. The hybrid
configuration includes two cases:
z Two types of boards/modules share a slot. The same slot supports two different
types of boards (for example, CCPM/CECM).
z Two types of boards can be configured simultaneously.
The following boards and modules support hybrid configuration:
z Single-channel/multi-channel transceiver modules
z CDMA2000 1X/CDMA2000 1xEV-DO channel processing boards
z Multi-band transceiver modules

9.3.1 Hybrid Configuration of Single-Channel/Multi-Channel Transceiver

Modules

The BTS3606 supports hybrid configuration of single-channel/multi-channel

transceiver modules. Therefore, it can support both single-channel and multi-channel
working modes. For details, see section 9.1.2 "Compatibility Solution."

9.3.2 Hybrid Configuration of 1X/DO Channel Processing Boards

The BTS3606 supports the hybrid configuration of 1X/DO channel processing boards.
Therefore, it can support both CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO working
modes. For details, see section 9.2 "Compatibility with CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000
1xEV-DO."

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

9-2
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 9 BTS Features

9.3.3 Hybrid Configuration of Multi-Band Transceiver Modules

The BTS3606 supports the hybrid configuration of multi-band transceiver modules.

Therefore, it can work at 450 MHz, 800 MHz, and 1900 MHz. The number of sectors
with multi-band should not exceed three.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

9-3
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

This chapter describes the configuration of the BTS3606.

10.1 Configuration Principle

To configure the BTS3606, observe the following rules listed in the order of
precedence:
z Use minimum number of trunk cables.
z Use minimum number of antennas.
z Use minimum number of CDDUs.

10.1.1 Configuration of Baseband Board

I. BCIM

Each BCIM supports maximum eight E1/T1 links or two FE links. In practice, you can
configure the BCIM according to the capacity requirements and service types.
For the configuration of BCIM links, refer to the following typical data:
z For S(1/1/1) BTS, configure one E1/T1.
z For S(2/2/2) BTS, configure two E1/T1s.
The previous data is given for the CDMA2000 1X or the CDMA2000 1xEV–DO system.
For the IS–95 system, the previous quantity can be reduced by half.
When the transmission resource is limited, you can deploy the fractional ATM
networking of the BCIM to configure specific timeslots in a specific E1/T1 system to the
BTS.

II. CCPM

The baseband processing module can be configured with maximum six CCPM.
There are two types of CCPM as follows:
z CCPM with two optical ports
z CCPM with no optical port
If the BTS3606 is to be cascaded with ODU3601Cs, you must use the CCPM with
optical ports and single-mode optical fibers.
The CCPM is categorized into two types based on the maximum distance of its
single-level connection:
z 10 km
z 70 km

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-1
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Table 10-1 lists the specifications of the CCPM.

Table 10-1 Specifications of the CCPM

Model Chip
1 2 3 4
Optical port

None H type A type I type D type

10 km / B type / E type
70 km / C type / F type

Table 10-2 describes the correspondence between the channel processing capability
and the number of CCPM chips.

Table 10-2 Correspondence between channel processing capability and the number of
CCPM chips
Number of
Processing chips
capability 1 2 3 4
Channel type

Reverse channel 32 64 96 128

Forward channel 64 128 192 256

In general, redundancy configuration is unnecessary. If a CCPM fails, the system

automatically shields it. In this case, the system capacity decreases, but the operation
continues without any interruption. The necessity of the redundancy configuration
depends on customer requirements.

III. QCK1CECM

There are two types of CECMs: QCK1CECM and QCK2CECM. A baseband module
can accommodate up to six CECMs.
The QCK1CECM falls into two types:
z One has two optical interfaces.
z The other has no optical interface.
If the BTS3606 is to be cascaded with ODU3601Cs, you must use the QCK1CECM
with optical interfaces and single-mode optical fibers.
Table 10-3 lists the models and specifications of the QCK1CECM.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-2
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Table 10-3 Specifications of the CECM

Model Chip
1 2 3 4
Optical port

None H type A type I type D type

10 km / B type / E type
70 km / C type / F type

The QCK1CECM can be configured with six CSM5500 chips at most. Among the six
CSM5500 chips, two process the common data of the QCK1CECM. Figure 10-4 lists
the capacities of a QCK1CECM with different numbers of chips.

Table 10-4 Capacities of a QCK1CECM with different numbers of chips

Number of
Processing chips
capability 3 4 5 6
Channel type

Reverse channel 24 48 72 96

IV. QCK2CECM

The QCK2CECM has two optical module ports for optical ports. A QCK2CECM can be
inserted with a 10 km optical module and a 70 km optical module at the same time. A
QCK2CECM can be configured with two CSM6800 chips at most. Table 10-5 lists the
capacities of a QCK2CECM with different numbers of chips.

Table 10-5 Capacities of a QCK2CECM with different numbers of chips

Number of
Processing chips
capability 1 2
Channel type

Reverse channel 192 384

V. BCKM

One BTS can be configured with maximum two BCKMs which operate in the
active/standby mode. When the active BCKM fails, the standby BCKM is activated
automatically.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-3
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Caution:

Two types of BCKMs are available: GPS BCKM and GPS/GLONASS BCKM. The latter
is more expensive. The selection of the BCKM varies according to the actual
requirements and must be consistent with the satellite antenna system.

VI. CHCM

The CHCM is optional. Configure the CHCM when the BTS cannot lock the satellite
synchronization clock signal and it has to maintain the clock signal for 24 hours. In such
a case, configure one BCKM at the upper part of the BCKM slot and the CHCM at the
lower part.

10.1.2 Configuration of RF Modules

The RF modules consist of the CTRM/CMTR, the CHPA/CMPA, and the CDDU.
The RF subsystem is configured in the CDDU subrack and RF subrack. Figure 3-2
shows the RF modules in full configuration.

I. CTRM/CHPA

One CTRM and one CHPA forms one single-channel transceiver module. A cabinet can
accommodate up to six single-channel transceiver modules. Three of them reside in
the upper RF subrack and the rest in the lower RF subrack.

II. CTRM/CMPA

One CTRM and one CMPA forms one single-channel transceiver module. A cabinet
can accommodate up to six single-channel transceiver modules. Three of them reside
in the upper RF subrack and the rest in the lower RF subrack.

III. CMTR/CHPA

One CMTR and one CHPA forms one single-channel transceiver module. A cabinet can
accommodate up to six single-channel transceiver modules. Three of them reside in
the upper RF subrack and the rest in the lower RF subrack.

IV. CMTR/CMPA

One CMTR and one CMPA forms one single-channel transceiver module. A cabinet
can accommodate up to six single-channel transceiver modules. Three of them reside
in the upper RF subrack and the rest in the lower RF subrack.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-4
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

V. CDDU

The configuration of the CDDU module involves configuring the single cabinet and the
external CDDU subrack.
z A cabinet can accommodate up to three CDDUs. You must configure the RF
modules corresponding to the CDDU from bottom to top and from left to right.
z When the BTS cabinet carries an external CDDU subrack, the external CDDU
subrack is configured with three CDDUs. Therefore, there are total six CDDUs
inside and outside the cabinet. In the external CDDU subrack, the CDDUs are
configured from top to bottom, as shown in Figure 10-1.

C
D
D
U
3

C
D
D
U
4

C
D
D
U
5

Figure 10-1 Configuration of the external CDDU subrack

Note:
For the configuration methods of transceiver modules and the CDDU, see section 4.2.2
"Installing RF Cables Connected to CDDU" in the Airbridge BTS3606&BTS3606A
CDMA Base Station Installation Manual – BTS3606 Cabinet Installation.

VI. Output Power of Top of the Cabinet in Different Channel Modes

When different RF modules are configured, the single-channel and multi-channel

operation modes are supported. In this case, the output power of the top of the cabinet
is different, as listed in Table 10-6.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-5
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Table 10-6 Output power of the cabinet in different cabinet modes

Number of
Board carriers Output power of the top of the cabinet
supported

40 W (2.1 GHz)
CMTR/CMPA 3
60 W (450 MHz/800 MHz/1.9 GHz)

CMTR/CHPA
CTRM/CMPA 1 20W
CTRM/CHPA

10.1.3 Configuration of PSUs

The PSUDC/DC subrack in one cabinet can be fully configured with three power modules,
as shown in Figure 10-2.

PSU PSU PSU

Figure 10-2 The PSUDC/DC subrack in full configuration

The PSUDC/DC subrack implements DC/DC conversion from –48 V DC to +24 V DC. The
PSUs are configured in the N+1 redundancy mode.
The number of the PSUs varies according to the number of sector carriers:
z If the number of sector carriers is equal to or less than three, you must configure
two (1+1) PSUs.
z If the number of sector carriers is three to six, you must configure three PSUs.

10.1.4 Configuration of the External CDDU Subrack

The BTS3606 can be configured with a CDDU subrack to support multi-band. For
details, see 10.1.2 V. "CDDU." For the cable connection between the CDDU of the
same RF module, see the Airbridge BTS3606&BTS3606A CDMA Base Station
Installation Manual – BTS3606 Cabinet Installation.

10.1.5 Configuration of the RF Antenna

This section gives the general guideline to the antenna configuration procedure. In
practice, you have to select the antenna according to the actual network planning
scheme of the office. The general guideline is as follows:
z For the omni cell, use omni antennas.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-6
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

z For the directional cell, use bi-polarization or uni-polarization directional antennas.

The type of antenna used depends on the actual environment. Generally,
bi-polarization antennas are used in urban areas and uni-polarization antennas
are used in rural areas.
z For large coverage area, select an antenna with greater gain (for omni cell or
directional cell).
z During the antenna configuration, use the directional antenna or the omni antenna
according to the section design in the network planning.
z For the omni cell, use two omni uni-polarization antennas which operate in duplex
mode.

10.1.6 Satellite Synchronization Antenna

Generally, one BTS3606 is configured with one set of satellite synchronization antenna.
Configure two BCKMs if there is a necessity to improve the system reliability. In such a
case, you must configure one set of satellite synchronization antenna for each BCKM.
If one of the two satellite synchronization antennas fails, the standby BCKM serves as
the active one. Then, the other set of antenna is responsible for receiving the
synchronization signals.

10.2 Typical Configuration

This section introduces several typical configurations of the BTS3606.
Table 10-7 lists typical configuration of the BTS3606.

Table 10-7 Typical configuration of the BTS3606

Equipment
Mode Working bands Typical configuration
configuration
O(1), O(2), S(1/1/1), and
Single cabinet S(2/2/2)
450 MHz,
Single-channel 800 MHz, and
1900 MHz
External CDDU S(1/1/1/1/1/1),
subrack S(1/1/1)+S(1/1/1)
O(1), O(2), O(3), O(4),
O(5), O(6), S(1/1/1),
Single cabinet S(2/2/2), S(3/3/3),
S(4/4/4), S(5/5/5), and
S(6/6/6)
450 MHz,
Multi-channel 800 MHz, and S(3/3/3/3/3/3),
1900 MHz S(3/3/3)+S(3/3/3),
External CDDU S(1/1/1/1/1/1),
subrack S(2/2/2/2/2/2),
S(1/1/1)+S(1/1/1), and
S(2/2/2)+S(2/2/2)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-7
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

10.2.1 O(1) Configuration

In the O(1) configuration, the BTS3606 is equipped with the following components:
z Baseband boards: one BCKM, one BCIM, and CCPM (configured according to the
actual requirement)
z PSUs: two PSUs
z RF antennas: one uni-polarization directional antenna for each sector
z RF modules: one CTRM, one CHPA, and one CDDU
Figure 10-3 shows the configuration of the RF module.

Sector A Sector B Sector C

CDDU

TX1 RX1

TX2 RX2

CHPA CTRM
DRI
PAout
MRI

MRO
TX2
PAin
TX1

Figure 10-3 The O(1) RF module configuration

10.2.2 S(2/2/2) Configuration

In the S(2/2/2) configuration, the BTS3606 is equipped with the following components:
z Baseband boards: one BCIM, one BCKM, and CCPM (configured according to the
actual requirement)
z PSUs: Three PSUs
z RF antennas: two uni-polarization directional antennas or one bi-polarization
directional antenna for each sector
z RF modules: six CTRMs, six CHPAs, and three CDDUs

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-8
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Figure 10-4 shows the configuration of the RF module.

Sector A Sector B Sector C

CDDU CDDU CDDU

TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1

D1 D6 D11
TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2

CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM

D2 D7 D12
DRI DRI DRI
PAout PAout PAout
D3 D8 D13
MRI MRI MRI
D4 D9 D14
MRO MRO MRO
TX2 TX2 TX2
PAin D5 PAin D10 PAin D15
TX1 TX1 TX1

CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM

D16 DRI D19 D22 DRI
DRI
PAout PAout PAout
D17 D20 D23
MRI MRI MRI

MRO MRO MRO

TX2 TX2 TX2
PAin D18
PAin D21 PAin D24
TX1 TX1 TX1

Figure 10-4 The S(2/2/2) RF module configuration

Caution:

When the BTS3606 adopts the S(2/2/2) configuration and cascades with the
ODU3601C, you must configure the CCPM with optical interfaces.

10.2.3 S(6/6/6) Configuration

In the S(6/6/6) configuration, the BTS3606 is equipped with the following components:
z Baseband boards: one BCIM, one or two BCKMs, and CCPM (configured
according to the actual requirement)
z PSUs: three PSUs
z RF antennas: two uni-polarization directional antennas or one bi-polarization
directional antenna for each sector
z RF modules: six CMTRs, six CMPAs, and three CDDUs

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-9
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Figure 10-5 shows the configuration of the RF module.

Sector A Sector B Sector C

CDDU CDDU CDDU

TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1

TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2

CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR

DRI DRI DRI
RF_out RF_out RF_out
MRI MRI MRI

MRO MRO MRO

RF_in RF_in RF_in
TX TX TX
Sample Sample Sample
TXF TXF TXF

CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR

DRI DRI DRI
RF_out RF_out RF_out
MRI MRI MRI

MRO MRO RF_in MRO

RF_in RF_in
TX TX TX
Sample Sample Sample
TXF TXF TXF

Figure 10-5 The S(6/6/6) RF module configuration

10.2.4 S(1/1/1/1/1/1) Configuration

In the S(1/1/1/1/1/1) configuration, the BTS3606 is equipped with the following

components:
z Baseband boards: one BCIM, one or two BCKMs, and CCPM (configured
according to the actual requirement)
z PSUs: Three PSUs
z RF antennas: two uni-polarization directional antennas or one bi-polarization
directional antenna for each sector
z RF modules: six CTRMs, six CHPAs, three internal CDDUs, and three external
CDDUs

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-10
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Figure 10-6 shows the configuration of the RF module.

Sector A Sector B Sector C

CDDU0 CDDU1 CDDU2

TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1

TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2

CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM

DRI DRI DRI
PAout PAout PAout
MRI MRI MRI

MRO MRO MRO

TX2 TX2 TX2
PAin PAin PAin
TX1 TX1 TX1

CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM CHPA CTRM

DRI DRI DRI
PAout PAout PAout
MRI MRI MRI

MRO MRO MRO

TX2 TX2 TX2
PAin PAin PAin
TX1 TX1 TX1

CDDU3 (external) CDDU4 (external) CDDU5 (external)

TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1

TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2

Sector D Sector E Sector F

Figure 10-6 The S(1/1/1/1/1/1) RF module configuration

10.2.5 S(3/3/3)+S(3/3/3) Configuration

In the S(3/3/3)+S(3/3/3) configuration, the BTS3606 is equipped with the following

components:
z Baseband boards: one BCIM, one or two BCKMs, and CCPM (configured
according to the actual requirement)
z PSUs: three PSUs
z RF antennas: two uni-polarization directional antennas or one bi-polarization
directional antenna for each sector
z RF modules: six CMTRs, six CMPAs, three internal CDDUs, and three external
CDDUs.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-11
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Figure 10-7 shows the configuration of the RF module.

Sector A Sector B Sector C

CDDU0 CDDU1 CDDU2

TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1

TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2

Band
one
CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR
DRI DRI DRI
RF_out RF_out RF_out
MRI MRI MRI

MRO RF_in MRO MRO

RF_in RF_in
TX TX TX
Sample Sample Sample
TXF TXF TXF

CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR CMPA CMTR

DRI DRI DRI
RF_out RF_out RF_out
MRI MRI MRI

MRO MRO RF_in MRO

RF_in RF_in
TX TX TX
Sample Sample Sample
TXF TXF TXF
Band
CDDU3 CDDU4 CDDU5 two
(external) (external) (external)

TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1 TX1 RX1

TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2 TX2 RX2

Sector A' Sector B' Sector C'

Figure 10-7 The S(3/3/3)+S(3/3/3) RF module configuration

10.3 Configuration of Channel Numbers Supporting

CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO

This section describes the configuration of channel numbers that support CDMA2000
1X and 1xEV-DO services.

Note:
One carrier corresponds to a channel number.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-12
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

10.3.1 Configuration of CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO Services in

Single-Carrier BTSs

Single-carrier BTS refers to the BTS in which the RF modules of a group are configured
with only one carrier.
The CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO services must be carried on different carriers. In the
single-carrier BTS, the RF modules of each group have only one carrier. Therefore, the
CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO services are configured on different RF modules.
In the single-carrier BTS, the physical channels of each carrier are independent.
Therefore, you can configure channel numbers as needed.

10.3.2 Configuration of CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO Services in Multi-Carrier

BTSs

Multi-carrier BTS refers to the BTS in which the RF modules of a group are configured
with multiple carriers (at most three carriers).
CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO services must be carried on different carriers. In the
multi-carrier BTS, the RF modules of each group are configured with multiple carriers,
and there is interference between them. Therefore, the configuration of channel
numbers must comply with the following principles:
z When only the CDMA2000 1X service is configured, interference can be ignored,
and there is no restriction on the configuration.
z When you configure CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO services on a group of RF
modules with three continuous channel numbers, you must configure 1xEV-DO
service on the edge channel number other than the intermediate channel number.
z When you configure CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO services in other cases, do not
configure the channel numbers as adjacent ones.

Note:
When you must configure the channel number for 1xEV-DO service as the intermediate
channel number, inform the Huawei Network Performance Department immediately.

10.4 Networking Configuration

The BTS3606 supports the following networking modes:
z Star networking
z Chain networking
z Tree networking
z Fractional ATM networking

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-13
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

z IP networking
z Cascading with ODC3601C
These networking modes are usually used together in practice.
The proper utilization of different networking modes can ensure the Quality of Service
(QoS) and save the investment on the transmission equipment.

10.4.1 Star Networking

The star networking mode is described in the following topics.

I. Application Scope

Star networking is widely used, especially in densely populated urban areas.

Figure 10-8 shows a star networking mode.

BTS

BTS
E1/T1
BSC

E1/T1

BTS
E1/T1

Figure 10-8 The BTS star networking mode

II. Advantage

In star networking mode, each BTS is directly connected with the BSC through E1/T1
trunk cables. The simple networking facilitates maintenance and construction.
Because the signals go through only a few nodes, the line is more reliable and future
expansion is easier.

III. Disadvantage

Compared with other networking modes, star networking requires the largest number of
transmission lines.

IV. Implementation

The internal network of the Huawei CDMA BSS is built on the fractional ATM/IP
platform. The logic links of the Abis interface, such as traffic link and signaling link, are
carried by the E1/T1/FE links.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-14
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Star networking means that the BTS is connected with the BSC through independent
E1/T1/FE links.

10.4.2 Chain Networking

The chain networking mode is described in the following topics.

I. Application Scope

Chain networking is applicable to sparsely populated stripe areas, for example, along
highways and railways.
Figure 10-9 shows a chain networking mode.

BTS BTS BTS

BSC

E1/T1 E1/T1 E1/T1

Figure 10-9 The BTS chain networking mode

II. Advantage

Chain networking helps reduce the cost of transmission equipment, engineering

construction, and the lease of transmission links.

III. Disadvantage

The disadvantages of the chain networking are as follows:

z Because the signals go through more nodes, the line is less reliable.
z The failure of the upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of the
lower-level BTS.
z A maximum of three-level cascading is permissible wherein the cascaded nodes
cannot exceed three.

IV. Implementation

Chain networking is realized through the transmission trunk function of the BTS. The
essentiality of transmission trunk is virtual path (VP) switching.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-15
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

Note:
ATM switching covers two types: VP switching and virtual channel (VC) switching.
In the VP switching process, only the value of VPI is changed and the value of VCI is
transmitted transparently.
In the VC switching process, values of both VPI and VCI are changed. The VP is
equivalent to a large channel, while the VC a small one.

During the configuration of a BTS trunk link, it is necessary to properly configure the
following items:
z Forward/reverse BCIM No.
z Forward/reverse link set No.
z Forward/reverse VP No.

10.4.3 Tree Networking

The tree networking mode is described in the following topics.

I. Application Scope

Tree networking mode is applicable to the area where network structure, site and
subscriber distribution are complicated, such as an area where different types of
subscribers are unevenly distributed.
Figure 10-10 shows a tree networking mode.
BTS

BTS

E1/T1 BTS BTS

E1/T1
BSC

E1/T1 E1/T1

BTS
E1/T1

Figure 10-10 The BTS tree networking mode

II. Advantage

Compared with the star networking mode, tree networking requires less transmission
lines.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-16
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

III. Disadvantage

The disadvantages of the tree networking are as follows:

z Because signals go through too many nodes, the line is less reliable. Construction
and maintenance are difficult.
z The failure of the upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of the
lower-level BTS.
z Inconvenient expansion may cause substantial network reconstruction.
z The cascaded BTSs cannot exceed three levels. The tree cannot exceed three
layers.

IV. Implementation

The tree networking is one application of the chain networking.

For example, the first-level BTS can be configured with multiple trunk links. These trunk
links can be allocated to the lower-level BTSs (note that these BTSs do not share the
same trunk lines). The lower-level BTS can in turn allocate the trunk links to its own
lower-level BTSs. In this way, a tree networking is formed. .

10.4.4 Fractional ATM Networking

The fractional ATM networking mode is described in the following topics.

I. Application Scope

When the transmission resource is limited and the BTS capacity becomes small, the
BTS3606 supports the fractional ATM networking wherein the BTS only uses specified
timeslots in one or more E1/T1 links.
Fractional ATM networking is similar to the tree networking. It adopts only part of the
timeslots of E1/T1 links.

II. Advantage

With this networking mode, the transmission resource can be fully used, thus reducing
related cost.

III. Disadvantage

The disadvantages of the fractional ATM networking are as follows:

z Because the transmission resource is limited, the capacity of the BTS is small.
z If the actual BTS capacity is more than what the transmission resource can
support, the call completion is affected.
z The failure of the upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of the
lower-level BTS.
z Inconvenient expansion may cause substantial network reconstruction.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-17
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

IV. Implementation

The BTS3606 uses the timeslot cross-connection function of the BCIM to implement
the fractional ATM networking without external equipment.
In practice, the timeslot cross-connection must be added to the upper-level BTS and
the E1/T1 timeslots must be specified for the lower-level BTS by adding the E1/T1
fractional ATM transmission link to this BTS.

10.4.5 IP Networking

The IP networking mode is described in the following topics.

I. Application Scope

IP networking is applicable to the area where the network structure is complicated and
requires high transmission bandwidth. IP networking is used to carry data service.
Figure 10-11 shows an IP networking mode.

BTS

BTS
FE

Router
BTS FE
Internet
FE
BSC

Figure 10-11 The BTS IP networking mode

II. Advantage

Advantages of IP networking are as follows:

z Flexible networking
z High transmission bandwidth
z High transmission efficiency in high-speed packet data
z Convenient maintenance and lower cost.

III. Disadvantage

IP networking is not applicable to the real-time service that has a high requirement on
delay and delay variation, such as voice service (including VoIP).

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-18
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 10 BTS Configuration

IV. Implementation

IP networking is realized through the FE transmission of the Abis interface supported

by the BCIM.

10.4.6 Cascading with ODU3601C

The cascading with the ODU3601C is described in the following topics.

I. Application Scope

The ODU3601C is an outdoor soft site. By connecting ODU3601C, the BTS3606

covers different places including the indoors, underground, highways, and railways.

II. Advantage

The satellite synchronization antenna and feeder are not required, thus saving the
investment.
This networking mode is applicable to the areas like the subway where it is difficult to
install the satellite synchronization antenna.
Compared with the repeater, the ODU3601C supports centralized management of the
upper-level BTS. This facilitates the network planning.

III. Disadvantage

The failure of the upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of the lower-level
BTS.

IV. Implementation

The CCPM/CECM can connect to the ODU3601C using single-mode optical fibers.
ODU3601C can be configured either into a certain sector of the master BTS, or as an
independent cell.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

10-19
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 11 Technical Specifications

Chapter 11 Technical Specifications

This chapter describes the following technical specifications:

z Structure and environment specifications
z Capacity specifications
z Transmitter and receiver specifications
z Specifications of the ODU3601C

11.1 Structure and Environment Specifications

Table 11-1 lists the structure and environment specifications.

Table 11-1 Structure and environment specifications

Item Specifications
Cabinet dimensions 1,400 mm (55.12 in.) x 600 mm (23.62 in.) x 650 mm
(height x width x depth) (25.59 in.)
Dimensions of external
1,400 mm (55.12 in.) x 160 mm (6.30 in.) x 650 mm
CDDU subrack (height x
(25.59 in.)
width x depth)

A fully equipped cabinet: ≤ 250 kg (551.25 lb)

Cabinet weight
An empty cabinet: ≤ 150 kg (330.75 lb)

–48 V DC (ranging from –40 V DC to –60 V DC)

Power supply +24 V DC (ranging from +21 V DC to +29 V DC)
220 V AC/110 V AC (with a Sidepower)

–48 V DC: ≤ 3,590 W

Power consumption
+24 V DC: ≤ 3,160 W

Ambient temperature –5°C to + 50°C (23°F to 122°F)

Relative humidity 5% to 95%

Equipment room noise ≤ 65 dBA (varies with the ambient temperature)

Availability ≥ 99.999%
Reliability MTBF ≥ 100,000 hours
MTTR ≤ 1 hour

11.2 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications

This section provides the specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters and receivers
operating in different bands.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

11-1
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 11 Technical Specifications

11.2.1 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 0

Table 11-2 and Table 11-3 list the specifications of the BTS3606 transmitter and
receivers

Table 11-2 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 0.

Item Specifications
Operating band 869 MHz to 894 MHz
Channel
1.2288MHz
bandwidth
Channel step 30 kHz
Frequency
≤ !0.05 ppm
tolerance
20 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the single-channel mode)
Transmit power 60 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the three carriers mode and
below 3,500 m or 11,480 ft)

Table 11-3 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 0.

Item Specifications
Operating band 824 MHz to 849 MHz
Channel
1.2288 MHz
bandwidth
Channel step 30 kHz
Single-channel module: Better than –127 dBm (RC3, main and
Signal receiving diversity receiving)
sensitivity Multi-channel module: Better than –126 dBm (RC3, main and
diversity receiving)

11.2.2 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 1

Table 11-4 and Table 11-5 list the specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters and
receivers operating in band class 1.

Table 11-4 Specifications of BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 1.

Item Specifications
Operating band 1,930 MHz to 1,990 MHz
Channel
1.2288 MHz
bandwidth

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

11-2
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 11 Technical Specifications

Item Specifications
Channel step 50 kHz
Frequency
≤ !0.05 ppm
tolerance
20 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the single-channel mode)
Transmit power 60 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the multi-channel module and
below 3,500 m or 11,480 ft.)

Table 11-5 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 1.

Item Specifications

Operating band 1,850 MHz to 1,910 MHz

Channel
1.2288 MHz
bandwidth
Channel step 50 kHz
Single-channel module: Better than –127 dBm (RC3, main and
Signal receiving diversity receiving)
sensitivity Multi-channel module: Better than –126 dBm (RC3, main and
diversity receiving)

11.2.3 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 5

Table 11-6 and Table 11-7 list the specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters and
receivers operating in band class 5.

Table 11-6 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 5.

Item Specifications
Operating band 460 MHz to 470 MHz, 489 MHz to 493.48 MHz
Channel bandwidth 1.2288 MHz
Channel step 25 kHz, 20 kHz

Frequency tolerance ≤ !0.05 ppm

20 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the

cabinet when the BTS works in the single-channel mode)
Transmit power 60 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the three carriers mode
and below 3,500 m or 11,480 ft)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

11-3
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 11 Technical Specifications

Table 11-7 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 5.

Item Specifications
Operating band 450 MHz to 460 MHz, 479 MHz to 483.48 MHz
Channel bandwidth 1.2288 MHz
Channel step 25 kHz, 20 kHz
Single-channel module: Better than –127 dBm (RC3, main
Signal receiving and diversity receiving)
sensitivity Multi-channel module: Better than –126 dBm (RC3, main and
diversity receiving)

11.2.4 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band Class 6

Table 11-8 and Table 11-9 list the specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters and
receivers operating in band class 6.

Table 11-8 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 6.

Item Specifications
Operating band 2,110 MHz to 2,170 MHz

Channel
1.2288 MHz
bandwidth

Channel step 50 kHz

Frequency
≤ !0.05 ppm
tolerance
20 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the single-channel mode)
Transmit power 40 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the multi-channel module and
below 3,500 m or 11,480 ft.)

Table 11-9 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 6.

Item Specifications
Operating band 1,920 MHz to 1,980 MHz
Channel
1.2288 MHz
bandwidth
Channel step 50 kHz

Single-channel module: Better than –127 dBm (RC3, main and

Signal receiving diversity receiving)
sensitivity Multi-channel module: Better than –126 dBm (RC3, main and
diversity receiving)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

11-4
 System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 11 Technical Specifications

11.2.5 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications in Band 10

Table 11-10 and Table 11-11 list the specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters and
receivers operating in band class 10.

Table 11-10 Specifications of the BTS3606 transmitters operating in band class 10.

Item Specifications
Operating band 851 MHz to 869 MHz
Channel bandwidth 1.2288 MHz
Channel step 25 kHz

Frequency tolerance ≤ !0.05 ppm

20 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the

cabinet when the BTS works in the single-channel mode)
Transmit power 60 W (the maximum value measured at the RF port of the
cabinet when the BTS works in the three carriers mode
and below 3,500 m or 11,480 ft)

Table 11-11 Specifications of the BTS3606 receivers operating in band class 10.

Item Specifications
Operating band 806 MHz to 824 MHz
Channel bandwidth 1.2288 MHz
Channel step 25 kHz
Signal receiving Single-channel module: Better than –127 dBm (RC3, main
sensitivity and diversity receiving)

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

11-5
System Architecture Manual
Airbridge BTS3606 CDMA Base Station Chapter 11 Technical Specifications

11.3 ODU3601C Cascading Specifications

Table 11-12 lists the specifications of the BTS3606 cascaded with ODU3601C.

Table 11-12 Specifications of the BTS3606 cascaded with ODU3601C

10 km (32,808 ft), 70 km
(229,656 ft)
Maximum distance of single cascading (respectively
CDMA2000 corresponding to the
1X two types of CCPM)
Maximum number of cascading levels 3
Maximum total distance after cascading 90 km (295,272 ft)
Maximum distance of single cascading 4.5 km (2.79 ft)
CDMA2000
Maximum number of cascading levels 3
1xEV–DO
Maximum total distance after cascading 4.5 km (2.79 ft)

11.4 Transmission Link BER Threshold Specifications

The bit error rates (BERs) of transmission links have the same impact on the UNI and
IMA. Table 11-13 lists the BER threshold specifications of transmission links.

Table 11-13 The BER threshold specifications of transmission links

Type Maximum BER threshold

–4
CDMA2000 1X voice service 2 x 10e
–6
Packet service 2 x 10e
–5
Maintenance function 5 x 10e

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

11-6