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HW 4

This document contains 8 questions about database concepts like normalization, functional dependencies, triggers, and constraints. The questions cover topics such as determining if a relation is in BCNF, writing SQL statements to create tables with constraints, and describing the effects of triggers and updates.

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Allison Moore
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117 views2 pages

HW 4

This document contains 8 questions about database concepts like normalization, functional dependencies, triggers, and constraints. The questions cover topics such as determining if a relation is in BCNF, writing SQL statements to create tables with constraints, and describing the effects of triggers and updates.

Uploaded by

Allison Moore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS143: Homework #4 (Normalization and Integrity)

1. Suppose that we decompose the schema R(A, B, C, D, E, F ) into (A, B, C, F ) and (A, D, E). When
the following set of functional dependencies hold, is the decomposition lossless?
A → BC, CD → E, B → D, E → A
Explain your answer.
2. List non-trivial functional dependencies satisfied by the following relation. You do not need to find
all functional dependencies. It is enough to identify a set of functional dependencies that imply all
functional dependencies that is satisfied by the relation.

A B C
a1 b1 c2
a1 b1 c2
a2 b1 c1
a2 b1 c3

3. Assume Student and Class entity sets that we have used in the class. The Student and Class sets are
connected by Take relationship set. We now convert the Take relationship set into a table Take(sid,
dept, cnum) using our standard translation algorithm, where sid is the key for a student and (dept,
cnum) is the key for a class.
Explain how functional dependencies can be used to indicate the following:
(a) A one-to-one relationship exists between entity sets Student and Class.
(b) A many-to-one relationship exists between entity sets Student and Class.

4. Assume the following set of functional dependencies hold for the relation R(A, B, C, D, E):
A → BC, CD → E, B → D, E→A

(a) Is A a key for R? Explain your answer.


(b) Is BC a key for R? Explain your answer.

5. Assume the following set of functional dependencies hold for the relation R(A, B, C, D, E, F):
A → BC, C → E, B→D
Is it in BCNF? Explain your answer. If it is not, normalize it into a set of relations in BCNF.
6. Assume the following tables for this problem:

ComputerProduct(manufacturer, model, price)


Desktop(model, speed, ram, hdd)
Laptop(model, speed, ram, hdd, weight)

A computer product is either a desktop or a laptop.

(a) Using a CHECK constraint on the Laptop table, express the constraint that a laptop cannot have
weight larger than 5kg and the weight must be greater than 0kg. You do not need to show
the entire CREATE TABLE statement. Show only the CHECK constraint part in the CREATE TABLE
statement.

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(b) Write a trigger to replace the CHECK constraint in (a), so that when trying to add a laptop with
weight larger than 5kg or smaller and equal to 0kg, the tuple is still inserted, but the value of the
“weight” attribute is set to NULL.
7. All employees at the ABC corporation have to swipe their identification cards before they leave their
office, so that the company can keep track of when each employee leaves work every day.

Employee(eid, name, salary)


LeavingTime(eid, date, time)

The above database is maintained to record this information. Whenever an employee swipes her
card, her leaving time is recorded in the LeavingTime table. The underlined attributes represent the
primary key of each table. LeavingTime.eid is a foreign key to Employee.eid.

(a) Write down the SQL CREATE TABLE statements to create the above two tables with PRIMARY KEY
and FOREIGN KEY constraints
(b) Write down the SQL statement issued to the database when the employee 143 swipes her card at
4PM on 4/1/2015.
(c) If an employee swipes her card at the exit, stays for another hour, swipes her card again and
leave, what would happen?
(d) Assume that our database programmer forgot to specify the primary key constraint when he
created the LeavingTime table. Now that the database has been in operation for a while and the
programmer has to “fix” the database by deleting all tuples that would not have been there if the
primary key constraint had been specified. Assume that tuples in the LeavingTime table do not
change their values once they are inserted. Also, swiping an employee’s card is the only way to
insert a new tuple to the table. Write a SQL statement that performs this “clean-up” operation.

8. Consider the table R(A, B), which currently has only one tuple (1,0). Assume that the following trigger
has already been created for the database.

CREATE TRIGGER Times3


AFTER UPDATE ON R
REFERENCING NEW ROW AS n
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (n.B < 10)
BEGIN
UPDATE R SET B=B*3 WHERE A=n.A;
INSERT INTO R VALUES(100, 0);
END

List all tuples in the table R after the following update statement is executed:

UPDATE R SET B=3 WHERE A=1

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