Doc:MTD 4(4733)

For Comments Only

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Draft Indian Standard

STEEL PLATES FOR PRESSURE VESSEL FOR

INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE
SERVICE INCLUDING BOILERS
(Third Revision of IS 2002)

ICS 77.140.30
Not to be reproduced without the permission of Last date for receipt of
BIS or used as STANDARD comments is 30 08 2007

FOREWORD
(Formal clauses will be added later on)
While reviewing this standard, in the light of experience gained during these years, the
Committee decided to revise it to bring in line with the present practices being followed by the
Indian industry and overseas standards of hot rolled steel plates for pressure vessels including
boilers.

In this revision the following changes have been made:

a) Clauses on scope, manufacture, heat treatment , tolerances and tensile test have
been modified
b) Definitions of Normalizing and Normalizing Rolling have been added
c) Amendment Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 have been incorporated.
d) A new clause on references has been incorporated.
e) Requirements of tolerances on dimensions and shape has been added and
adopted ISO 7452:2002 Hot-rolled structural steel plates – Tolerances on
dimensions and shape
f) Fig. for position of test strips in rolled plates has been deleted.

For the tests specified in this standard (Chemical/ physical/ others), the method as specified in
the relevant ISO standard may also be followed as an alternate method.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be
rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 `Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the
specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE

This draft standard covers the requirements of plain carbon steel plates produced in discrete cut
lengths of flat product or plates that have been leveled and flattened and cut to length from a
coiled product. These plates are intended for use in pressure vessels for intermediate and high
temperature service which include boilers.
Plates under this specifications are available in three grades as follows.

a) Grade 1- Low tensile steel plates for fire boxes and boiler plates which require welding ,
flanging or flame cutting;
b) Grade 2- Medium tensile plates which can be used for welding , flanging and flame
cutting
c) Grade 3- High tensile steel plates which can be used for welding, flame cutting, and hot
flanging under controlled conditions

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2. REFERENCES

The following Indian standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard. All standards are subject
to revision and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to apply the most
recent editions of the standards indicated below:

IS No. Title

228:2002 Methods for chemical analysis of steel

1599: 1996 Method for bend test (second revision)
1608: 2005 Method for tensile testing of steel products (first revision)
1852: 1985 Rolling and cutting tolerances for hot-rolled steel products
(fourth revision)
3803 (Part-1):1989 Steel conversion of elongation values: Part1 Carbon and low alloy steels
(second revision)
4225: 2004 Recommended practice for straight beam ultrasonic testing of steel
plates
4748: 1988 Method of estimating average grain size of metals (first revision)
8910: 2001 General technical delivery requirements for steel and steel products
11630: 2005 Method of ultrasonic testing of steel plates for pressure vessels and
special applications
12457: 2001 Code of practice for evaluation, repairs and acceptance limits of surface
defects to steel plates and wide flats
Doc: MTD 4(4770) Hot-rolled structural steel plates – Tolerances on dimensions and
shape (Based on ISO 7452:2002)

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions in addition to those given in IS 1956
(Part 4) shall apply.

3.1 Plate as rolled

This term refers to the unit plate ( 5mm thick and above) as rolled from the slab or directly from an
ingot, in its relation to the location and number of specimens, and not to its condition. Plates
produced from coil means the plates which have been leveled or flattened and cut to length.

3.2 Normalizing

It is a heat treating process in which a steel plate is reheated to a uniform temperature above the
upper critical temperature and then cooled in air to below the transformation range.

3.3 Normalizing rolling

Rolling process in which final deformation is carried out in a certain temperature range leading to a
material condition equivalent to that obtained after normalizing so that the specified values of the
mechanical properties are retained even after normalizing.

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

General requirements relating to the supply of steel plates for pressure vessels shall conform to
IS 8910: 2001

5 MANUFACTURE

5.1 Steel shall be manufactured by any process of steel making except Bessemer process. It
may be followed by secondary refining or secondary vacuum treatment.

5.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed and made to coarse grain practice.

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5.1.2 The material shall have a carburized austenitic grain size number in the range 1 to 5 as
determined by the carburizing method specified in IS 2853:1964. However, the above grain size
requirement shall be deemed as fulfilled if, on ladle analysis, the total aluminium content is not
more than 0.020%.

5.1.3 The plates are produced in either discrete cut lengths of flat product or from coils.

6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

6.1 The ladle analysis of the material, when carried out either by the method specified in the
relevant parts of IS 228 or any other established instrumental/chemical method shall be as given
in Table1. In case of dispute the procedure given in IS 228 and its relevant parts shall be the
referee method.

6.2 Permissible variation in case of product analysis from the limits specified in 6.1 shall be as
follows:

Constituent Variation over the Specified Maximum or

Under the minimum limits Percent
Carbon 0.03
Silicon 0.03
Sulphur 0.005
Phosphorus 0.005
Manganese 0.05

NOTE – Variation shall be applicable both over and under the specified limits in several determinations in a heat.

7. HEAT TREATMENT

7.1 Unless specified otherwise, plates above 12 mm thickness shall be supplied in

normalized condition.

7.2 Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer, normalizing may be
replaced with normalizing rolling process.

7.3 Plate in coiled form rolled under controlled rolling condition in a hot strip mill and
straightened by leveling as plates up-to 12mm thickness are considered self normalized and
accepted as-rolled condition.
Table 1 Chemical Composition
____________________________________________________________________
Grade Carbon, Percent Manganese Silicon Sulphur, Percent Phosphorus,
Percent Max Percent Percent Max
Max
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1 0.18 0.50-1.20 0.15-0.35 0.040 0.035

2 0.20 0.50-1.20 0.15-0.35 0.040 0.035
3 0.22 0.50-1.20 0.15-0.35 0.040 0.035

NOTES
1. Carbon content over the maximum specified shall be increased by:
For plates over 25mm up to and including 65mm thick 0.02% max
For plates over 65mm thick- 0.04% max
2. Total aluminium content shall not exceed:
For plates up to 150 mm thick- 0.022 %
For plates over 150 mm –0.035%
3. Nitrogen content, shall not exceed 0.012%. This should be ensured by the manufacturer by occasional check
analysis.
4. Residual copper shall not exceed 0.10 percent.
5. Whenever any alloying elements are added for achieving strength, maximum carbon equivalent shall not
exceed 0.44 for steels used for welding.
Carbon equivalent (CE) based on ladle analysis
= C+ Mn + Cr+ Mo+ V + Ni+ Cu
6 5 15

8 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS

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8.1 The plates shall be rolled to the dimensions specified. The material shall be free from
harmful defects. Scale pits and other minor surface defects may be removed by grinding. The
depth of grinding being such that the thickness of the plate shall not go below the specified
value at the spot where the dressing is done. The grinding shall be even and smooth and
shall be widened enough to remove sharp ridges. Dressing with a hammer or welding of
defective spots shall not be permitted.

8.2 Edge imperfection may be rectified subject to mutual agreement between the purchaser
and the manufacturer

8.2.1 Laminar type discontinuities, 25mm and less in length and visible to the unaided eye on
the edges of plate, as prepared for shipment by the manufacturer are acceptable and do not
require exploration.

8.2.2 All larger discontinuities shall be explored to determine their depth and extent.
Discontinuities shall be considered continuous when located in the same plate within 5
percent of the plate thickness and separated by a distance less than the length of the smaller
of two adjacent discontinuities.

8.2.3 Repair by Welding Repair welding shall be permitted only with the approval of the
purchaser. Preparation for repair welding shall include inspection to assure complete removal
of the defect. Repair if permitted shall be done as per IS 12457.

9 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

9.1 Unless otherwise agreed the dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled steel sheet shall be as
given in Doc: MTD 4(4693) (Based on ISO 16160)

9.2 Unless otherwise agreed the restricted thickness tolerances shall be as given in Doc: MTD
4(4693) (Based on ISO 16160)

9.3 Rolling mass

Permissible deviation from the theoretical mass shall comply to Table 2.

Table 2 Permissible Upper Deviation from the Theoretical Mass

(The values shown in the table below apply to consignments weighing 25 tons,
upto but not including 75 tons)
(Clause 9.3)

Nominal Permissible Upper Permissible Upper Deviation from the Theoretical Weight in Percentage for Nominal
Thickness Deviation Width
mm From the Nominal mm
Thickness
From Up to but mm From 600 From 2000 From 2500 From 3000 From 3500
Not up to but up to but Up to but Up to but up to
Including not including not including Not including not including 4000
2000 2500 3000 3500

(4) (7) (8)

(1) (2) (3) (5) (6)
5 8 1.1 7 7.5 8.5 9 -
8 15 1.2 6 6 6.5 7 7.5
15 25 1.3 4.5 4.5 5 5 5.5
25 40 1.4 3.5 3.5 4 4 4
40 80 1.8 3.5 3.5 4 4 4
80 150 2.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
including
Over 150 To be agreed between supplier and purchaser

10 CALCULATION OF MASS

The mass of plate shall be calculated on the basis that steel weighs 7.85 g/cm3.

11 SELECTION OF TEST SAMPLES

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11.1 For plates produced from Plate Mill, one test sample shall be taken from corner of each plate as-rolled
in transverse to the rolling direction.

11.2 For plates produced from coils a minimum of three samples are drawn from each coil qualified or part
of the coil. The test coupon shall be taken immediately prior to the first plate produced to the specification,
the second test coupon shall be taken from approximate center lap and the third test coupon shall be taken
immediately after the last plate produced to the specification. All material between any two test location that
meet the requirements of the material specification is acceptable.The size of the test sample should be
such that a retest specimen, if necessary, may be prepared from it.

Table 3 Mechanical Properties

(Clause 12.2)
Tensile Strength Yield Stress % Elongation on
Grade MPa Mpa, Min Gauge Length 5.65√S0,
Min
60 60 to 100 to ≤16 >16 >40 >60 100 ≤60 >60 to
100 350 to to to to 350
Thickness (4) 40 60 100 350
(2) (3) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
(1)
1 360 to 360 to 350 to 235 225 215 200 185 24 23
480 480 480
2 410 to 410 to 400 to 265 255 245 215 200 22 21
530 530 530
3 460 to 450 to 440 to 290 285 280 255 230 21 20
580 570 570

12 TENSILE TEST

Test sample shall be selected as per clause 11.

The tensile strength, yield stress and percentage elongation, when determined in accordance
with IS 1608:2005, shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 3.
The rolled surfaces shall be retained on the two opposite faces of the test piece where
practicable. If the test specimen has to be reduced in thickness for testing purposes, at least
one surface should be as rolled. For plates over 20 mm in thickness, round specimens are
permitted, where the axis of the specimen shall be located, as nearly as possible, midway
between the center of the thickness and top or bottom surface of the plate.

Should the test piece break outside the middle half of the gauge length and the percentage
elongation is less than that specified, the test may be discarded at the option of the supplier
and another test made from the same test sample.

Subject to mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, the supplier shall
guarantee the required yield stress at any higher temperature (Et).

The plate manufacturer should satisfy the boiler maker and his representative that the steel
supplied is capable of meeting the value (Et).
a) i) By producing adequate record of test results on the type of steel concerned; and
ii) By showing that the steel supplied actually conforms to the requirements by ladle
analysis and by a statement that, the manufacturing process has remained
comparable; or
b) In absence of data mentioned in (a)(i), by proof stress test at the design temperature stated on
the individual order.

NOTES

1. By special arrangement between the plate manufacturer and the boiler maker and/or his representative,
proof stress test may be required for the individual order.
2. For all steels (Carbon):
a) When the steel maker has collected a sufficient number of tests for application to a statistical definition
of Et, on the grade of steel; Et should be equal to the average value of the test results at temperature ‘t’
less two standard deviation.
b) When a sufficient number of test results are not available Et should be taken as a minimum value
guaranteed by the steel maker which should be checked at the time of acceptance. For carbon steels
the value of the proof stress given by the ratio Et / R20 (taken from Table 4) may be taken without
verification at the time of acceptance.
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13 BEND TEST
13.1 Test samples shall be selected as per clause 11.
13.2 The bend test shall be carried out in accordance with IS 1599: 1996.
13.2.1 The test piece shall be about 230 mm long and not less than 40 mm wide. The test
piece, when cold, shall withstand without fracture being bent over through 1800, either by
pressure or by slow and steady blows from a hammer till the internal diameter is not greater
than twice the thickness of the test piece in the case of Grade 1 and Grade 2 plates and three
times the thickness of the test piece in the case of Grade 3 plates.

13.2.2 During the test, the rolled surface shall be on the tension side.

14 HOMOGENEITY TEST ( FOR GRADE 1 PLATE FOR FIRE BOXES ONLY)

14.1 The object of this test is to open and render visible to the eye any internal defect in the
steel, like blow holes, inclusions, etc. The test shall be done at the rate of one test per cast.

14.2 One test piece 230 mm long and not less than 40 mm wide, shall be prepared as given
under 13.2.1. For plates 20 mm and under in thickness, the test piece shall be nicked or
grooved, about 1.5 mm deep, transversely in three places at 50 mm intervals starting at 50
mm from one end. The first and third grooves shall be on one face and the middle one on the
opposite face. For plates over 20 mm in thickness, the grooves shall be about 3 mm deep.
The test piece shall be broken at each groove by hammering or by pressing.

14.3 The fracture shall be clean and shall not show any seam, lamination, blow holes or
inclusions more than 6 mm in length in the case of plates 20 mm and under in thickness and
not more than 10 mm in length in the case of plates over 20 mm in thickness.

14.4 Three typical photographs ( Fig. 1, 2 and 3) showing boiler plates of 10 mm thickness
indicating acceptance and unacceptable limits are given below for guidance only.

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Table 4 Minimum values for the Ratio of the Stress at Proof Limit 0.2 Per Cent at
Elevated Temperature (Et) to the Minimum Specified Tensile Strength at Room
Temperature ( R ) of Carbon Steel Boiler Plates
[Clause 12.3.1 (Note 2)]

Temperature,° C 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425

(See Note)
Et/ R20 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30

NOTE- For temperature lower than 300 °C, any test required for acceptance purposes ( in default of records of
previous tests at these temperatures) should be made at 300 °C in which case the proof stress should be not less
than the value obtained by calculation from the specified minimum tensile strength.

15 ULTRASONIC TESTING (25 mm THICK AND ABOVE)

15.1 If agreed between the manufacturer and consumer, plates ( 25 mm thick and above) shall
be tested for ultrasonic testing in accordance with IS 4225: 2004 for internal soundness.

15.2 Acceptance Standards

15.2.1 Any discontinuity indication causing a total loss of back reflection which cannot be
contained within a circle of, the diameter of which is 75 mm or one half of the plate thickness,
whichever is greater is unacceptable.

15.2.2 Acceptable adjacent discontinuity indications shall be separated from each other by a
distance equal to or larger than the larger of the adjacent discontinuity indications unless the
adjacent defects can be contained in a circle of diameter equal to the acceptance standard for a
single defect.

15.3 Supplementary Requirements

Supplementary requirements if any, will be specified in the purchase order.

16 OTHER TESTS
16.1 Any test other than those specified above, may be agreed upon at the time of inquiry and
order.
17 RE-TESTS
17.1 Should any one of the test pieces, first selected, fail to pass any of the tests specified in
this standard, two further samples shall be selected for testing in respect of each failure. If the
test pieces prepared from both the additional samples comply with the requirements of the test,
the material represented by the samples, shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of that
particular test. If the test piece from either of the samples fails in test, the material represented by
the test samples shall be liable for rejection.

18 RUST PROTECTION

If so desired by the purchaser, each plate shall be painted with one coat of boiled linseed oil or a
suitable rust preventive material ( as agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser) after
inspection and acceptance.

19 TOLERANCES ON DIMENSIONS AND SHAPE

Unless otherwise agreed the tolerances on dimensions and shape shall be as given in Doc: MTD
4(4770) (based on ISO 7452)

20 MARKING

20.1 Every plate shall be legibly marked with

a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, if any

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b) Cast number or identification mark by which the steel can be traced to the cast from
which it was made and Plate number so that correlation with T.C. is possible
c) The direction of final rolling.

20.2 BIS Certification Marking

The material may also be marked with the Standard Mark.

20.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986 and the rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions
under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or
producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards