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ANS: Serial Communication Is The Process of Sending Data One Bit at A Time, Sequentially, Over A

This document discusses and compares serial and parallel communication methods. It provides examples of each type, including serial communication methods like SPI, I2C, and UART. SPI is described as a 4-wire full duplex protocol suitable for high speeds, while I2C is a 2-wire half duplex protocol better for low data transfer and multi-master environments. UART is characterized as an asynchronous point-to-point interface typically used for slower external connections. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of each protocol.

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41 views5 pages

ANS: Serial Communication Is The Process of Sending Data One Bit at A Time, Sequentially, Over A

This document discusses and compares serial and parallel communication methods. It provides examples of each type, including serial communication methods like SPI, I2C, and UART. SPI is described as a 4-wire full duplex protocol suitable for high speeds, while I2C is a 2-wire half duplex protocol better for low data transfer and multi-master environments. UART is characterized as an asynchronous point-to-point interface typically used for slower external connections. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of each protocol.

Uploaded by

SRL MECH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION BASED QUESTIONS:

1. What is communication?

ANS: Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of


thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. It is the
meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures.

2. How many types of communications are there?

ANS: Two types

Serial communication

Parallel communication

3. What is serial communication?

ANS: serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a
communication channel or computer bus. ...

4. What is parallel communication?

 ANS: parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple binary digits (bits)


simultaneously.

5. Difference between serial and parallel communication?

Data can be transmitted between a sender and a receiver in two main ways:

Serial and parallel

Serial communication is the method of transferring one bit at a time through a medium.

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
Parallel communication

Parallel communication is the method of transferring blocks

Eg: BYTES, of data at the same time.

0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0

6. Which is faster? Whether serial communication or parallel communication?


ANS: Parallel communication is faster because it can transmit byte by byte

7. Example of serial communication?


ANS:  the internal connections in a computer, ie: the busses, are linked together to allow parallel
communication

8. Disadvantage of parallel communication?


ANS: The use of parallel communication for longer distance data communication is unfeasible
for economic and practical reasons, eg: amount of extra cable required and synchronization
difficulties

9. Advantage of serial communication?


ANS: Longer distance data

10. Disadvantage of serial communication?


ANS: Low speed compared to parallel communication

11. Types of serial communication?

ANS: SPI, UART, SPI

12. What is half duplex?


ANS: A half-duplex (HDX) system provides communication in both directions, but only one
direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party begins receiving a signal, it must
wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before replying (antennas are of trans-receiver type
in these devices, so as to transmit and receive the signal as well).

13. What is full duplex?


ANS: A full-duplex (FDX), or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both
directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. Land-
line telephone networks are full-duplex, since they allow both callers to speak and be heard at the
same time, the transition from four to two wires being achieved by a hybrid coil. A good analogy
for a full-duplex system would be a two-lane road with one lane for each direction.

14. What IS I2C?


ANS: I2C is a 2-wire (SCL and SDA) half-duplex serial bus.

15. WHAT IS SPI?

ANS: SPI is 4-wire (SCLK, MOSI, MISO, and SS) full duplex serial bus.

16. WHAT IS UART?

ANS: UART is point t0 point full duplex communication interface.

17. SPEED OF SPI, UART, I2C?


ANS:

 UART data rate – 0.3 Kbps to 1 Mbps


 I2C speeds – 100 kHz, 400 kHz, 3.4 MHz 
 SPI – Tens of MHz: Suitable for higher speed applications

UART
 UART is asynchronous interface (i.e. sender and receiver use different clock source and embed
the sync/clock information into data stream; re-sync is usually done through start and stop bits)
while I2C and SPI are synchronous interfaces (dedicated receive/transmit clock signal, master
device usually outputs clock signal).

UART is mostly used in communication between external devices via cables to bridge larger
distances. I2C and SPI are used to connect peripheral devices on same circuit board and are
suitable for relatively short distances.

Multi-Master Systems: 
I2C interface has built in arbitration to detect multiple devices sending on bus at same time. SPI
uses dedicated slave select pin to detect request of devices to become master. Multi-master in
UART requires software protocol implementation to handle bus arbitration as not supported by
hardware.
I2C is bit complex compared to SPI, and requires mechanism to address devices (7/10 bit
addressing). In case of SPI dedicated chip select signal is required for each device and hence pins
increases with device.
I2C is more sensitive to noise and hence lower data integrity. I2C is level triggered and samples
data during the high or low phase of a bit, noise could flip bit. SPI is edge triggered and less
sensitive to noise.
18. WHERE SPI?
ANS: SPI: mainly for high data rates, approx 25 Mhz clock
SPI is better for high speed and low power applications 

19. WHERE I2C?


ANS: I2c: mainly for control and low data transfer
But can be interfaced to diff voltage levels and multi master bus environment, inbuilt arbitration

20. WHERE UART?


ANS: single P2P comm..115kbps max, normally used with pc only

21. Advantages of I2C?

ANS: I2C is cheaper to implement than the SPI communication protocol I2C requires only two
wires, while SPI requires three or four

22. Disadvantages of I2C?

ANS: I2C draws more power than SPI


I2C is less susceptible to noise than SPI

23. Advantages of SPI?

ANS: SPI supports higher speed full-duplex communication while I2C is slower.


Typically lower power requirements than I²C 

24. Disadvantages of SPI?


ANS: Requires more pins on IC packages than I²C, even in the "3-Wire" variant .No hardware
slave acknowledgment (the master could be "talking" to nothing and not know it

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