Scribd
Upload
52 views16 pages

3a Fop

Here is a C++ program to calculate the roots of a quadratic equation: #include <iostream> #include <math.h> using namespace std; int main() { double a, b, c, d, x1, x2; cout << "Enter coefficients a, b and c: "; cin >> a >> b >> c; d = sqrt(b*b - 4*a*c); x1 = (-b + d) / (2*a); x2 = (-b - d) / (2*a); cout << "The roots are: " << x1 << " and " << x2; return 0;

Uploaded by

DISTRACTED ??
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views16 pages

3a Fop

Here is a C++ program to calculate the roots of a quadratic equation: #include <iostream> #include <math.h> using namespace std; int main() { double a, b, c, d, x1, x2; cout << "Enter coefficients a, b and c: "; cin >> a >> b >> c; d = sqrt(b*b - 4*a*c); x1 = (-b + d) / (2*a); x2 = (-b - d) / (2*a); cout << "The roots are: " << x1 << " and " << x2; return 0;

Uploaded by

DISTRACTED ??
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Fundamentals of Programming

Lecture 3a
Agenda
• Arithmetic operations
• Decision making : Equality and Relational
Operators
Assignment Operator
• An operator to give (assign) a value to a
variable.
• Denote as ‘=‘
• Only variable can be on the left side.
• An expression is on the right side.
• Variables keep their assigned values until
changed by another assignment statement or
by reading in a new value.
Arithmetic Operators
• Operators: +, -, * /
• For floating numbers, the result as same as Math
operations.
• Note on integer division: the result is an integer. 7/2
is 3.
• % (remainder or modulo) is the special operator just
for integer. It yields an integer as the result. 7%2 is
1.
• Both / and % can only be used for positive integers.
• Precedence rule is similar to Math.
Arithmetic Expressions
• Arithmetic operations can be used to express the
mathematic expression in C++:

b 2  4ac b *b  4* a *c
x( y  z ) x * ( y  z)
1
1 /( x * x  x  3)
x  x3
2

ab (a  b) /(c  d )
cd
Simple Flow of Control
• Three processes a computer can do:
– Sequential
expressions, insertion and extraction operations
– Selection (Branching)
if statement, switch statement
– Repetition/Iteration (Loop)
while loop, do-while loop, for loop
Relational Operators
are used in boolean expressions of form:
ExpressionA Operator ExpressionB
temperature > humidity
B * B - 4.0 * A * C > 0.0
abs (number) == 35
initial != ‘Q’
• Notes:
o == (equivalency) is NOT = (assignment)
o characters are compared alphabetically. However, lowercase letters are higher
ASCII value.
o An integer variable can be assigned the result of a logical expression
o You cannot string inequalities together:
Bad Code: 4<x<6 Good Code: (x > 4) &&(x < 6)
Relational Operators
int x, y ;
x = 4;
y = 6;
EXPRESSION VALUE
x<y true
x+2<y false
x != y true
x + 3 >= y true
y == x false
y == x+2 true
y=x+3 7
y=x<3 0
y=x>3 1
Logical Operators
are used in boolean expressions of form:
ExpressionA Operator ExpressionB
A || B (true if either A or B or both are true. It is false otherwise)
A && B (true if both A and B are true. It is false otherwise)
or
Operator Expression
!A (true if A is false. It is false if A is true)

Notes:
Highest precedence for NOT, AND and OR are low precedence.
Associate left to right with low precedence. Use parenthesis to override priority or for
clarification
– x && y || z will evaluate “x && y ” first
– x && (y || z) will evaluate “y || z” first
Logical Operators
int age ;
bool isSenior, hasFever ;
float temperature ;
age = 20;
temperature = 102.0 ;
isSenior = (age >= 55) ;
cout <<“isSenior Result”<< isSenior <<endl; // isSenior is false
hasFever = (temperature > 98.6) ;
cout <<“hasFever Result”<< hasFever <<endl; // hasFever is true
EXPRESSION VALUE
isSenior && hasFever false
isSenior || hasFever true
!isSenior true
!hasFever false
Precedence Chart
• ++, --, !, - (unary minus), + (unary plus) Highest

• *, /, %
• + (addition), - (subtraction)
• <<, >>
• <, <=, >, >=
• ==, !=
• &&
• ||
• = Lowest
Addition Code
Output
Average Marks Calculate
Output
Code Task
Write a C++ program to calculate the roots of a
quadratic equation (ax2 + bx +c = 0)

• Hint: d=sqrt(𝑏*b - 4*a*c)


Roots:
• x1 = (–b + d)/2*a
• x2 = (–b – d)/2*a
• Hint: use <math.h> library to write sqrt

You might also like