Section 2

Structure and Written Expression

Time approximately 25 minutes
40 questions
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard
written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Directions
Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences, beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases,
marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). choose the one word or phrases that best completes the sentence. Then,
on your answer sheet, find the number of the questions and fill in the space that corresponds to the
letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.
Now begin work on the questions

1. Over the centuries,______that try to 6. Elementary schools in the United

explain the origins of the university. states provide formal education______
arithmetic, science, social science, and
A although many theories communication skills including
(B) many theories reading, writing, spelling, and speaking.
C have many theories been
D there have been many theories A such subjects as basic in
B as basic subjects in such
2. The planet Venus is almost exactly the C in such basic subjects as
same size and mass______Earth, with a (D) as in such basic subjects
similar interior, including a nickel-iron
core. 7. ______land and money enabled
construction of the Union Pacific railroad
A to to begin from Council Bluffs, lowa, in
(B) as 1865.
C is
D than A By the government granting of
(B) Government grants of
3. George Washington Carver______ C For the government to grant
international fame for revolutionizing D Government grants so that
agriculture research in the southern
United States during the early twentieth 8. Appointments to the United States
century. Supreme Court and all lower federal
courts______be the President with the
A won advice and consent of the Senate.
(B) winning
C who has won A making
D the winner of B to make
(C) are made
4. Constituting one of the earliest D have made
engineering techniques,______in
Paleolithic time was done in order to 9. The name “squirrel” is commonly used
extend natural caves. for those forms of the family Sciuridae
that live in trees,______it is equally
A tunnels were built accurate for ground dwelling types.
B which built tunnels
(C) the building of tunnels A whether
D tunnels whose building (B) that
C althoung
5. The tulip tree is native to the eastern D in spite of
United States,______the tallest and
 larges broadleaf tree. 10. Green plants combine______with water
and carbon dioxide to make food.
A where
B where it is A energy derived from light
(C) it is where B energy, derived it from light
D is where C energy is derived from light
D from light, and energy derived

11. From the archeologist’s perspective, 14. Oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s
understanding the past is vitally tissues______from the blood through the
important and requires______of earlier capillary wall.
cultures.
A pass
(A) the ruins examined B by passing
B examining the ruins C to be passing
C of the ruins to be examined (D) have passed
D that the examined ruins
15. ______important development of the
12. The Texas Legislature selected Vassar Neolithic age was not in the manufacture
Miller______in 1982, and again in 1988. of stone tools but in the production of
food.
(A) was the state’s poet laureate
B as the state’s poet laureate (A) The most
C the state’s poet laureate B Most
D become the state’s poet laureate C Most of
D Of the most
13. The distinguishing feature of a fluid, in
contrast to a solid, is the ease______.

A that a deformed fluid

B to deform a fluid
C when a fluid that is deformed
(D) with which a fluid may be deformed

Written Expression
Directions
In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of
the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be
changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of answer you have chosen.

Now begin work on the questions

16. in 1899 Ransom olds had been founded in Detroit, Michigan, the first factory
A B C
in the United States for the manufacture of automobiles.
D
17. The progressive Movement is an umbrella tern refer to a number of reform
A B
efforts that emerged in the aerly 1900’s.
C D
18. The pelican is a water bird with a large pouch attached to the bill,
A B
which it uses as a scoop for catch small fish.
C D
19. The invention of reinforced concrete, plate glass, and steel in the mid-1800’s
make it possible architects to design and build very tall constructions, or “skyscrapers”.
A B C D
20. Acoustics, the study of sound, is one of the oldest of the physical sciences.
A B C D
21. Every bodily function, even thinking, requires an expenditure of energy.
A B C D

22. Gourds were introduced to what is now the southwestern United States by
A
earliest peoples whos migrated north from Mesoamerica about 7000 years ago.
B C D
23. The economic heart of Canada, Ontario accounts for more than 40 percentage
A B C
of the nation’s productive capacity.
D
24. Virtually all parts moving of an automobile need to be lubricated because,
A B C
without lubrication, friction will increase power consumption and damage the
D
parts.
25. There are rarely any technological development have a great an impact on society as
A B C
the rapid grow of electronics.
D
26. The North American Review, a magazine was first published in 1815, was one
A B
of the leading literary journals of the past woe centuries.
C D
27. Fuel is any substance or material that reacts chemically with another substance
A B C
or material to produce heat.
D
28. Giant was the favored material of prehistoric humans, which used to make tools and
A B C
weapons, because it would chip into shapes with sharp edges.
D
29. Mutiny of a ship’s crew against the captain signifies the breakdown of the
A
obedience and discipline needed to deal effectively with parils at eat.
B C D
30. Of all the art-related reference and research libraries in North America, that of the
A B
Metropolitan Museum of a Art in New York City is among the largest and
C
most comprehensive.
D
31. Acclimatization is the process by which an organism adjusts to living in an
A B
environment to which it normally unsuited.
C D
32. Glaciers, masses of ice that flow outward from ice caps, cover about one-tenth
A B C
of earth’s land area.
D
33. Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on such simple compounds as alcohol.
A B C D
34. In 1923 Alice Paul began a campaign to promote the adoption of an amendment
A B C
to the United States Constitution mandating equal rights for women.
D
35. Perhaps more than any other United States city, San Francisco is a collection of
A B C
neighborhood.
D
36. Almost every the hereditary material of an individual organism resides on
A B C D
chromosomes.
37. Only with early seventeenth-century observers did the music of the original
A B C
inhabitants of the United States and Canada entered recorded history.
D
38. Perhaps the most distinctive features of sharks and undoubtedly one of the most
A B
important reasons for their success is their well-developed sensory system.
C D
39. The major economic activities of Cheyenne, Wyoming, including transportation,
A B
chemicals, tourism, but governmental activities.
C D
40. The fiction writer, poetry, and critic Edgar Allan Poe is among the most familiar
A B
of American writers and one of the most enigmatic.
C D