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What Is AI? What Is ML? What Is Deep Learning? Machine Learning Process

AI refers to artificial intelligence and involves programming machines to think and act like humans. Machine learning is a type of AI that uses algorithms to identify patterns in data and make predictions without explicit programming. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers to automatically extract complex features from data. The key differences are that machine learning requires less data but more feature engineering while deep learning requires large datasets but performs automatic feature extraction. Deep learning models also generally take longer to train than machine learning models.

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167 views8 pages

What Is AI? What Is ML? What Is Deep Learning? Machine Learning Process

AI refers to artificial intelligence and involves programming machines to think and act like humans. Machine learning is a type of AI that uses algorithms to identify patterns in data and make predictions without explicit programming. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers to automatically extract complex features from data. The key differences are that machine learning requires less data but more feature engineering while deep learning requires large datasets but performs automatic feature extraction. Deep learning models also generally take longer to train than machine learning models.

Uploaded by

ranamzeeshan
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Difference Between Deep Learning and Machine Learning Vs AI

What is AI?
AI (Artificial intelligence) is a branch of computer science in which machines are programmed and given a cognitive ability to think
and mimic actions like humans and animals. The benchmark for AI is human intelligence regarding reasoning, speech, learning, vision,
and problem solving, which is far off in the future.
AI has three different levels:
1. Narrow AI: A artificial intelligence is said to be narrow when the machine can perform a specific task better than a human. The
current research of AI is here now
2. General AI: An artificial intelligence reaches the general state when it can perform any intellectual task with the same accuracy
level as a human would
3. Active AI: An AI is active when it can beat humans in many tasks
Early AI systems used pattern matching and expert systems.

Artificial Intelligence System overview


In this tutorial, you will learn-
 What is AI?
 What is ML?
 What is Deep Learning?
 Machine Learning Process
 Deep Learning Process
 Automate Feature Extraction using DL
 Difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning
 When to use ML or DL?
What is ML?
ML (Machine Learning) is a type of AI in which a computer is trained to automate tasks that are exhaustive or impossible for human
beings. It is the best tool to analyze, understand, and identify patterns in data based on the study of computer algorithms. Machine
learning can make decisions with minimal human intervention.
Comparing Artificial Intelligence vs Machine Learning, Machine learning uses data to feed an algorithm that can understand the
relationship between the input and the output. When the machine finished learning, it can predict the value or the class of a new data
point.
What is Deep Learning?
Deep learning is a computer software that mimics the network of neurons in a brain. It is a subset of machine learning and is called
deep learning because it makes use of deep neural networks. The machine uses different layers to learn from the data. The dep th of
the model is represented by the number of layers in the model. Deep learning is the new state of the art in term of AI. In deep learning,
the learning phase is done through a neural network. A neural network is an architecture where the layers are stacked on top of each
other
Machine Learning Process
Imagine you are meant to build a program that recognizes objects. To train the model, you will use a classifier. A classifier uses the
features of an object to try identifying the class it belongs to.
In the example, the classifier will be trained to detect if the image is a:
 Bicycle
 Boat
 Car
 Plane
The four objects above are the class the classifier has to recognize. To construct a classifier, you need to have some data a s input and
assigns a label to it. The algorithm will take these data, find a pattern and then classify it in the corresponding class.
This task is called supervised learning. In supervised learning, the training data you feed to the algorithm includes a label.
Training an algorithm requires to follow a few standard steps:
 Collect the data
 Train the classifier
 Make predictions
The first step is necessary, choosing the right data will make the algorithm success or a failure. The data you choose to tra in the model
is called a feature. In the object example, the features are the pixels of the images.
Each image is a row in the data while each pixel is a column. If your image is a 28x28 size, the dataset contains 784 columns (28x28).
In the picture below, each picture has been transformed into a feature vector. The label tells the computer what object is in the image.

Machine Learning
Process
The objective is to use these training data to classify the type of object. The first step consists of creating the feature c olumns. Then,
the second step involves choosing an algorithm to train the model. When the training is done, the model will predict what picture
corresponds to what object.
After that, it is easy to use the model to predict new images. For each new image feeds into the model, the machine will pred ict the
class it belongs to. For example, an entirely new image without a label is going through the model. For a human being, it is t rivial to
visualize the image as a car. The machine uses its previous knowledge to predict as well the image is a car.
Deep Learning Process
In deep learning, the learning phase is done through a neural network. A neural network is an architecture where the layers a re stacked
on top of each other.
Consider the same image example above. The training set would be fed to a neural network
Each input goes into a neuron and is multiplied by a weight. The result of the multiplication flows to the next layer and bec ome the
input. This process is repeated for each layer of the network. The final layer is named the output layer; it provides an a ctual value for
the regression task and a probability of each class for the classification task. The neural network uses a mathematical algor ithm to
update the weights of all the neurons. The neural network is fully trained when the value of the weights gi ves an output close to the
reality. For instance, a well-trained neural network can recognize the object on a picture with higher accuracy than the traditional neural
net.

Deep
Learning Process
Automate Feature Extraction using DL
A dataset can contain a dozen to hundreds of features. The system will learn from the relevance of these features. However, not all
features are meaningful for the algorithm. A crucial part of machine learning is to find a relevant set of features to make t he system
learns something.
One way to perform this part in machine learning is to use feature extraction. Feature extraction combines existing features to create a
more relevant set of features. It can be done with PCA, T-SNE or any other dimensionality reduction algorithms.
For example, an image processing, the practitioner needs to extract the feature manually in the image like the eyes, the nose, lips and
so on. Those extracted features are feed to the classification model.
Deep learning solves this issue, especially for a convolutional neural network. The first layer of a neural network will lear n small details
from the picture; the next layers will combine the previous knowledge to make more complex information. In the convolutional neural
network, the feature extraction is done with the use of the filter. The network applies a filter to the picture to see if the re is a match, i.e.,
the shape of the feature is identical to a part of the image. If there is a match, the network will use this filter. The process of feature
extraction is therefore done automatically.

Traditional
Machine Learning vs Deep Learning
Difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Below is a key difference between Deep Learning vs Machine Learning
Machine Learning Deep Learning

Data Excellent performances on a Excellent performance on a big


Dependencies small/medium dataset dataset

Hardware Work on a low-end machine. Requires powerful machine, preferably


dependencies with GPU: DL performs a significant
amount of matrix multiplication

Feature Need to understand the features that No need to understand the best
engineering represent the data feature that represents the data

Execution time From few minutes to hours Up to weeks. Neural Network needs to
compute a significant number of
weights

Interpretability Some algorithms are easy to interpret Difficult to impossible


(logistic, decision tree), some are
almost impossible (SVM, XGBoost)
When to use ML or DL?
In the table below, we summarize the difference between machine learning and deep learning with examples.
Machine learning Deep learning

Training dataset Small Large

Choose features Yes No

Number of algorithms Many Few

Training time Short Long


With machine learning, you need fewer data to train the algorithm than deep learning. Deep learning requires an extensive and diverse
set of data to identify the underlying structure. Besides, machine learning provides a faster-trained model. Most advanced deep learning
architecture can take days to a week to train. The advantage of deep learning over machine learning is it is highly accurate. You do not
need to understand what features are the best representation of the data; the neural network learned how to select critical features. In
machine learning, you need to choose for yourself what features to include in the model.
Summary
Artificial intelligence is imparting a cognitive ability to a machine. Comparing AI vs Machine Learning, early AI systems us ed pattern
matching and expert systems.
The idea behind machine learning is that the machine can learn without human intervention. The machine needs to find a way to learn
how to solve a task given the data.
Deep learning is the breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence. When there is enough data to train on, deep learning achieves
impressive results, especially for image recognition and text translation. The main reason is the feature extraction is done automatically
in the different layers of the network.

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