The Problem

READINESS OF BARANGAY MASALUKOT I CANDELARIA, QUEZON DURING TYPHOON:

A CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminal Justice Education
Laguna State Polytechnic University
San Pablo City Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

By:

JEROME ADAN ABRIGO

2021

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CHAPTER 1

The Problem

Background of the study

In Japan, typhoons are a kind of tropical storm, synonymous

with hurricanes, that approach and sometimes hit the country

between August and October each year, often bringing torrential

rain and strong winds. Around 30 tropical storms pass through Japan

each year. Many are minor, but don’t underestimate the damage and

threat a powerful storm can bring, including widespread flooding,

wind damage and landslides (Kim, et al, 2018).

Meanwhile, insured losses from typhoons will only increase as

properties continue to be built in areas of high hazard and

insurance penetration rates continue to increase along with South

Korea's rapidly growing economy. Air world recently released

typhoon model for South Korea stands poised to help companies

better understand their typhoon risk and develop appropriate risk

management strategies (Louie, et al, 2010).

Typhoon Nida is barreling through the South China Sea, after

dumping over 300 millimeters of rain on the Philippines over the

weekend. As Hong Kong braces for landfall sometime tonight (Aug.

1), some controversial, much-less-populated landmasses may already

be feeling the brunt of the storm.

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That’s because in the past few years China has rapidly

built artificial islands in the South China Sea, cramming them with

buildings, runways, and lighthouses—even a farm—in an effort to

bolster its territorial claim to most of the sea. Those projects

came under legal attack in a landmark ruling by the Permanent Court

of Arbitration in the Hague on July 12, which took up the case

under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

(Mollman, 2016).

While typhoons in Southern Vietnam have not occurred

frequently, they have caused tremendous damage to this area. Their

impacts are caused by cyclonic waves, storm surges and heavy rain

on human deaths, injuries, and infrastructure. The possible reasons

for this damage are discussed in this study and the degree to which

these risks could have been avoided by comparing the typhoon

preparedness in the South Vietnam (Vo, 2010).

Gentrification and urban development in coastal megacities have

increased community resilience due to better physical and

socioeconomic conditions to cope with natural hazards. However,

perceived community resilience, namely public belief regarding the

ability of society to recover, is under-researched. In particular,

specific pathways between information seeking and perceived

community resilience during extreme storm events are rarely

discussed.

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Therefore, this study applied structural equation modelling to

examine the associations between the use of traditional and new

information channels in typhoon-related information seeking and

individual perceived community resilience, with disaster

preparedness and typhoon emergency response as mediators (Guo, et

al, 2017).

In July, Lao PDR experienced significant increases in water

levels due to heavy rains from the southwest monsoon. The adverse

effects were exacerbated by Tropical Storm Son-Tinh, which blew

through several provinces in the south on July 18. The tropical

storm damaged one of seven dams in a large hydroelectric network

along the Xe-Pian River, in Attapeu Province. Around 5 billion

cubic meters of water were suddenly and devastatingly released

downstream when the dam unexpectedly collapsed, affecting 13

villages and more than 16,000 people, over 10 percent of the

province’s population. The flood of water and mud washed out roads

and bridges and buried homes and buildings, leaving some 6,000

people homeless. The government has declared the region a national

disaster area (Henderson, 2018).

Studying typhoon risk perception and its influencing factors

help reveal potential risk factors from the perspective of the

public and provide a basis for decision-making for reducing the

risk of typhoon disasters. The purpose of this study is to assess

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the risk perception and related factors of Macao residents in China

(Shen et al, 2015).

The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR, 2010)

Defines preparedness as “activities and measures taken in advance

to ensure effective response to the impact of hazards. Including

the issuance of timely and effective early warnings and the

temporary evacuation of people and property from threatened

location”. Malaysia, unlike other Southeast Asia countries, has

been spared from major natural disasters.

Micronesia Red Cross Society is preparing for the upcoming

typhoon season by checking its stock of emergency relief Items. The

Red Cross has a total of 5 disaster containers prepositioned across

the states with enough emergency aid to help a total of 6,000

people.

The containers are used to store jerry cans, buckets, tarpaulins,

shelter toolkits, blankets and hygiene kits which will be

distributed to those who are most affected by a disaster (David,

2017).

Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) made history as the strongest typhoon

to make landfall ever recorded (November 8, 2013) and affected at

least 11 million people. The devastation and loss of life were

staggering. During 2013, the Philippines ranked the highest for

mortality due to disasters worldwide. Typhoon Haiyan traversed some

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of the poorest areas in the Philippines with livelihoods based on

small-scale farming or fishing, which were destroyed in the strong

winds. A disaster of this scale overwhelmed disaster responders and

exceeded the national government’s ability to respond without

international aid “despite having a seemingly well-crafted disaster

management plan.” With more future super storms predicted, it is

imperative that Filipinos are prepared and underlying

vulnerabilities are addressed”(Bollettino, et al, 2018).

Typhoon Haiyan was the deadliest natural disaster ever recorded

in the Philippines. It left a massive trail of death and

destruction, leaving thousands dead and millions more affected.

Many families were left homeless; power lines were destroyed and

communications and water facilities damaged. Fishing boats were

wrecked and coconut groves crushed, leaving many families without a

livelihood. Total damage and economic losses were estimated at $2

billion (Ocon et al, 2015).

According to PAGASA, the hazard maps they created in 2011

contained information on how high waters could reach in the event

of a typhoon. It showed areas on the map most prone to typhoons

which could help local authorities make decisions in preparing for

typhoons, such as where to relocate the people to minimize the

gravity of the havoc that could be wreaked. These hazard maps,

however, were never properly discussed with local authorities. In

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Leyte, civic centers that were used as evacuation sites were still

built along coastlines most prone to the storm surges. Local

Tacloban authorities contended that they had never been briefed

about the hazard maps, nor did they even know such maps existed

(Cayabyab, 2013).

However, Compared to PDRRMO’s data access and efficiency of

warning half a decade ago, [Baltazar Tribunalo, head of Cebu's

Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office] said the

office now has a more comprehensive, real time and reliable data

monitoring and early warning system that can readily relay distress

calls to PDRRMO’s counterparts in the local disaster offices of the

different municipalities and cities of Cebu (Abatayo, 2018).

They are very aware about a typhoon whilst being moderately

aware about a tsunami and storm surge. In terms of hazard level,

respondents perceived a typhoon to be ‘very destructive’, whilst

they understood a tsunami and storm surge to be ‘strong’. The

barrio community often practice disaster preparedness for

earthquakes, strong typhoons, landslides, fire, flood and volcanic

eruptions. Amongst residents of the barrios, a moderate correlation

exists (r=0.449) between their levels of disaster awareness and

disaster preparedness ( Rogayan Jr. et al, 2018).

Disasters are inevitable. The island resorts in Malapascua

Island, Daan Bantayan, Cebu, Philippines are vulnerable to natural

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risks such as typhoons and earthquake. In increasing disaster

resilience, a model should be based on risk assessment results and

be integrated with the strategic planning of the government and

communities. It should consider risks and risk treatments across

the social, built, economic and natural environments (Mendez, et

al, 2016). 

Disaster preparedness plans reduce future damages, but may lack

testing to assess their effectiveness in operation. This study used

the state-designed Local Government Unit Disaster Preparedness

Journal: Checklist of Minimum Actions for Mayors in assessing the

readiness to natural hazards of 92 profiled municipalities in

central Philippines inhabited by 2.4 million people (Dariagan, et

al, 2015).

These are the individuals who are standing down as they rely on

their memory that no disaster of tremendous effect that occurred in

the community. This further exacerbates the problem because older

individuals have special needs which information are needed for the

crafting of disaster plan; without the older and educated

individuals participating in the community, preparation as a whole

won't be inclusive (Tamayo, 2016).

Despite receiving storm surge warnings it appears that many

residents and local authorities “under-estimated” the event and

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thought that they could evacuate at a later stage or

during the storm itself. The results clearly highlight the need for

better education and for development strategies in the region to

focus on improving the resilience of local inhabitants (Esteban,

2015).

 The importance of integrating emergency responses and emergency

operation plans (EOPs) to the emergency management in the U.S. It

emphasizes that the response of the community during disaster

depends on proper planning, preparation and integration of all

aspects of the government. Moreover, it explores how these aspects

interrelate with each other (Hildreth, 2010).

Disaster mitigation may vary according to a specific hazard,

human or natural, or they may also refer to approaches which apply

to many disaster scenarios. Resilience refers to the “ability of a

system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb,

accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely

and efficient manner, including through the preservation and

restoration of its essential basic structures and functions”

(Godilano, et al, 2015).

Children today do not have the proper knowledge on what to do

in times of calamities which resulted to trauma and worst, death.

They have small physique that they cannot do much to protect

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themselves. They depend on their parents to protect them from

disasters. Hence, the researcher came up to this study by producing

multimedia materials that will educate the kids about disaster

preparedness (Marvida, 2018).

Proper planning of disaster awareness and disaster preparedness

activities in isolation from people's daily lives and everyday

concerns will rarely succeed. This is because people's interest in

disaster preparedness fades if it has been a long time between

disaster events (Pateña, et al, 2016).

Disasters or emergencies can happen suddenly, creating a

situation in which the everyday, routinely and sometimes dreary

existence of a community can become overwhelmed. During crises, the

Province requires special procedures to address the needs of

emergency response operations and recovery management. To address

such emergencies, the Province of Cavite has established a Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Plan (DRRMP), which provides a

guideline for the immediate action and operations required to

respond to an emergency or disaster (DRRMP, 2016).

ANTIPOLO CITY, Rizal, September 14 (PIA), All 14 Local Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMCs) of Rizal Province

are now activated for the onset of Typhoon Ompong, according to a

report from the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

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Office (PDRRMO). Evacuation centers were opened to provide

temporary shelter for highly vulnerable communities such as river

banks, shorelines prone to flash floods, slope areas prone to

landslides, and other areas of concern.

Pre-emptive evacuations were earlier conducted in Binangonan, Rizal

due to the landslide threat in Brgy. San Carlos. At least 14

families or 67 individuals have been evacuated to the Brgy. San

Carlos Covered Court (Gapayao, 2018).

Lucena City was often said as “the catch-basin” or the lowest

part here in Quezon province so we must be aware and be prepared

for whatever natural or man-made calamities that may (or may not)

come here in the city. During the storm/typhoon, stay inside the

house as much as possible. Avoid wading in the floodwaters to

prevent contracting diseases like leptospirosis. But if you’re

unsure of your safety, you may go to the nearest designated

evacuation centers in your area (Lucenahin, 2013).

LUCENA CITY—Mayor Rhoderick “Dondon” Alcala urged city and

barangay officials here to get ready and be alert in time of

disaster and calamity during the launching on Thursday of Oplan

Listo, a disaster-preparedness drive spearheaded by the National

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and the Department

of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) (Bello, 2015).

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Infanta is the site of a major disaster in 2010 when a typhoon

triggered a landslide that covered big portions of three

municipalities. Christian Aid assisted the SAC Infanta to respond

to this disaster and has since helped the communities reduce the

impact of future disasters (ChristianAid, 2010).

Because of this experience, the town of Infanta decided that it

would make a stand to survive and overcome the natural hazard

poised by its physical location and address the vulnerabilities

brought by natural disturbances into its communities and

people. Infanta’s community based disaster preparedness and

management (CBDPM) programme was borne out of its hard but learned

experience from the November 2004disaster. It focused its disaster

plan on the empowerment and mobilisation of its people to

effectively respond to any kind of calamity by its own strength and

capacity. “You are on your own” or YoYo was a lesson they learned

that they alone will have to support and respond within 24 hours

to any future emergencies or disaster that may occur to their

communities (Mercado, 2010).

In Mauban district secondary schools were conducting drills

quarterly with the help of Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP). After

each drill, Bfp personnel gives comments and recommendations to the

SDRRMG about improving school DRRM. Some notable comments given

concerns playful participation in drills being conducted, lack of

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early warning system, lack of rescue tools and equipment, unsafe

evacuation site, presence of evacuation chokepoint, and lack of

community support (Condes, 2016).

Objectives of the Study

This study aims to determine the level of readiness of Barangay

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon. And to determine the

significant difference on the level of readiness of Barangay

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon. And challenges

encountered by the barangay officials in responding to typhoon.

Also the recommendations maybe proposed to improve the readiness of

barangay officials in responding to typhoon.

Significant of the Study

The findings of the study will greatly benefit the following:

Barangay officials. The principal beneficiaries of this research

study in terms of helping Barangay officials develop a program of

action which will improve their level of readiness in terms of

typhoons.

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Barangay Personnel. This study will help enhance the disaster risk

reduction checklist and modules they formulated by providing new

inputs and information regarding the profile and the level of

readiness of the Barangay Masalukot I, Candelaria, Quezon, in terms

of typhoons.

Community. This study will help the community of barangay Masalukot

I, Candelaria, Quezon in a good way and to enhance their knowledge

in terms of typhoons.

Researcher. This study will help the researcher to gain knowledge

on the determinants of the readiness of barangay Masalukot I,

Candelaria, Quezon during typhoons.

Future researchers. Improves services not just for you but also

for future generations. It helps develop skills, equipment when it

comes to typhoons or other natural hazards and processes that could

eventually help your community.

Theoretical framework

The Social Capital Theory, along with its attributes, may

positively contribute to the well-being of individuals and groups

by generating enhanced knowledge about the threats, risk

mitigation, improved access to information and technological

knowledge and risk reduction initiatives (Silici, 2001). In other

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words, attachment to a community produces willingness to contribute

to its maintenance and its sense of moral responsibility and this

is what produces collective actions in times of disaster

(Schellong, 2007). It can therefore be justly concluded that public

awareness or education could also develop a sense of belonging

within communities since it generates and contributes to the well-

being of individuals.

High Reliability Theory, is a typical example of the critics.

Professors from UC Berkeley and Weick, an organizational theorist,

proposed the High Reliability Theory based on research of

organizations fraught with disaster risk, such as National

Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the nuclear industry,

aviation, nuclear carriers, SWAT, and massive petrochemical

facilities in the USA. The High Reliability Theorists insist that

sophisticated quality controls, a settled safety culture, built-in

safety by cross-check, and continuous education and training can

prevent disasters at high-risk facilities.

Complexity Theory, began from researching complex natural

phenomena such as meteorology. Just as Lorenz proved with the

butterfly effect, the contemporary society embedded with complex

network needs to take different countermeasures against disaster.

The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident of Japan, a great flood

in Thailand, and new types of epidemics such as MERS-CoV are

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representative examples of disasters that the contemporary society

is newly facing. The Complexity Theory is useful for understanding

the characteristics of contemporary disasters and finding

appropriate countermeasures.

However, there is an opinion that the Public Governance Theory

is hard to be applied to emergency response. In other words, in an

urgent disaster response process where there is not enough time to

make a consultation, the process of negotiation through mutual

discussion and consultation is not appropriate (Waugh and

Streib 2006). The argument seems reasonable, but recent researches

have shown that interagency cooperation is becoming more important

in an emergency situation. Moynihan pointed out that establishing

network governance in advance are an essential element in achieving

the two objectives of “interagency cooperation” and “coherent

response” in a crisis situation for effective disaster response

(Moynihan 2009).

Conceptual Framework

This study aims to determine the level of readiness of Barangay

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon in terms of

guidelines in ensuring safe routes, guidelines in identifying

hazards-prone areas, guidelines on the type of evacuation,

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guidelines in declaring a state of calamity, evacuation standard

centers.

Guidelines in ensuring safe routes. To ensure safe and unobstructed

routes for faster response actions and service delivery before a

typhoon or cyclone landfall.

Guidelines in identifying hazards-prone areas. Refer to the Joint

Memorandum Circular No. 01, s. 2014 of the DENR, DILG, DND, DPWH and

DOST. The circular provides guidelines in determining what

activities and developments are allowed in hazard prone areas;

regulates said activities and developments; and gives guidance in

issuing early warnings to residents during typhoons, floods, and

landslides.

Guidelines on the type of evacuation. The evacuation of a vulnerable

population and critical properties and belongings according to

warning criteria compliant with local ordinance, internal policy,

and national policy.

Guidelines in declaring a state of calamity. States that the

declaration or lifting of a state of calamity may be issued by the

local sanggunian, upon the recommendation of the LDRRMC, based on

the results of a damage assessment and needs analysis. It also

allows for utilization of 5 percent of the Quick Response Fund.

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Evacuation standard centers. Evacuation centers in preparation for

any worse case scenario. "LGUs and barangay officials must ensure

correct partitions and facility requirement as specified in our

guidelines and anchored in the Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management (DRRM) law.

Definition of Terms

Barangay officials. As the basic political unit, the Barangay

serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government

policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities in the

community, and as a forum wherein the collective views of the

people may be expressed, crystallized and considered, and where

disputes may be amicably settled.

Barangay personnel. Also known as “tanod”, barangay guards are one

of the guarded and operating during disaster in barangay

Masalukot I, Candelaria, Quezon

Community. It is a group of people who resident in the locality of

Masalukot I, Candelaria, Quezon.

Research Paradigm

The research paradigm of the study shows the

relationship between dependent and independent variables.

This study aimed to determine the relationship of the

variables. The independent variables include the level of readiness

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of Barangay Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon During Typhoon in terms of

guidelines in ensuring safe routes, guidelines in identifying

hazards-prone areas, guidelines on the type of evacuation, guidelines

in declaring a state of calamity, evacuation standard centers,

significant difference on the level of readiness of Barangay

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon During Typhoon in terms of guidelines

in ensuring safe routes, guidelines in identifying hazards-prone

areas, guidelines on the type of evacuation, guidelines in declaring

a state of calamity, evacuation standard centers, challenges

encountered by the barangay officials in responding to typhoon in

terms of guidelines in ensuring safe routes, guidelines in

identifying hazards-prone areas, guidelines on the type of

evacuation, guidelines in declaring a state of calamity, evacuation

standard centers, and recommendations maybe proposed to improve the

readiness of barangay officials in responding to typhoon.

The dependent variables in this study are the Determinants of

readiness of barangay Masalukot I, Candelaria, Quezon during typhoon:

A capability assessment.

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Independent Variables

1. The level of readiness of Barangay

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon During
Typhoon in terms of:
1.1 GUIDELINES IN ENSURING SAFE ROUTES
1.2 GUIDELINES IN IDENTIFYING HAZARD-
PRONE AREAS
1.3 GUIDELINES ON THE TYPES OF
EVACUATION Dependent Variable
1.4 GUIDELINES IN DECLARING A STATE OF
CALAMITY
1.5 EVACUATION CENTER STANDARDS

2. The significant difference on the level

DETERMINANTS OF READINESS
of readiness of Barangay
Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during OF BARANGAY MASALUKOT I
Typhoon in terms of:
2.1 GUIDELINES IN ENSURING SAFE ROUTES CANDELARIA, QUEZON DURING
2.2 GUIDELINES IN IDENTIFYING HAZARD- TYPHOON:
PRONE AREAS
A CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT.
2.3 GUIDELINES ON THE TYPES OF
EVACUATION
2.4 GUIDELINES IN DECLARING A STATE OF
CALAMITY
2.5 EVACUATION CENTER STANDARDS

3. The challenges encountered by the

barangay officials in responding to
typhoon in terms of:
3.1 GUIDELINES IN ENSURING SAFE ROUTES
3.2 GUIDELINES IN IDENTIFYING HAZARD-
PRONE AREAS
3.3 GUIDELINES ON THE TYPES OF
EVACUATION
3.4 GUIDELINES IN DECLARING A STATE OF
CALAMITY
3.5 EVACUATION CENTER STANDARDS Moderate Variables

4. What recommendations maybe proposed to

improve the readiness of barangay
officials in responding to typhoon? Community, Barangay
Official and barangay
Personnel

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Figure 1. Research Paradigm

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. What is the level of readiness of Barangay Masalukot I

Candelaria, Quezon During Typhoon in terms of:

1.1 GUIDELINES IN ENSURING SAFE ROUTES

1.2 GUIDELINES IN IDENTIFYING HAZARD-PRONE AREAS

1.3 GUIDELINES ON THE TYPES OF EVACUATION

1.4 GUIDELINES IN DECLARING A STATE OF CALAMITY

1.5 EVACUATION CENTER STANDARDS

2. Is there a significant difference on the level of readiness of

Barangay Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon During Typhoon in terms

of:

2.1 GUIDELINES IN ENSURING SAFE ROUTES

2.2 GUIDELINES IN IDENTIFYING HAZARD-PRONE AREAS

2.3 GUIDELINES ON THE TYPES OF EVACUATION

2.4 GUIDELINES IN DECLARING A STATE OF CALAMITY

2.5 EVACUATION CENTER STANDARDS

3. What are the challenges encountered by the barangay officials in

responding to typhoon in terms of:

3.1 GUIDELINES IN ENSURING SAFE ROUTES

3.2 GUIDELINES IN IDENTIFYING HAZARD-PRONE AREAS

3.3 GUIDELINES ON THE TYPES OF EVACUATION

3.4 GUIDELINES IN DECLARING A STATE OF CALAMITY

3.5 EVACUATION CENTER STANDARDS

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4. What recommendations maybe proposed to improve the readiness of

barangay officials in responding to typhoon?

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Extension Program, retrieve from
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ss_and_Preparedness_of_Barrio_Community_in_Zambales_Philippines_Cre
ating_a_Baseline_for_Curricular_Integration_and_Extension_Program

Sheilane S. Mendez, Jonathan Etcuban, Dunedene J. Dalagan and

Hearty Sol R. Mañego, March 3, 2016, Disaster Preparedness and
Recovery Plan for an Island Resort, retrieve from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310582853_Disaster_Prepare
dness_and_Recovery_Plan_for_an_Island_Resort
Johnny D. Dariagan, Ramil B. Atando & Jay Lord B. Asis, January
2015, Disaster preparedness of local governments in Panay Island,
Philippines, retrieve from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-020-04383-0

Adrian Mernilo Tamayo, January 2016, Community and Government in

Disaster Preparation: Case of Davao City, Philippines, retrieve
from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318007930_Community_and_Go
vernment_in_Disaster_Preparation_Case_of_Davao_City_Philippines

Miguel Esteban, Ven Paolo Valenzuela, Nam Yi Yun and

Tomoyashibayama, May 25, 2015, Typhoon Haiyan 2013 Evacuation

25 | Page
 The Problem

Preparations and Awareness, retrieve from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273767951_Typhoon_Haiyan_2
013_Evacuation_Preparations_and_Awareness

Richard Hildreth, December 1 2010, Integrating emergency and

disaster planning, retrieve from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318007930_Community_and_Go
vernment_in_Disaster_Preparation_Case_of_Davao_City_Philippines
Sarmiento, Banjie Godilano, Wangdale, Rebecca, Ilagan, Ma. Patricia
B. , Rasuman, Kristoffer Karel, March 2015, Typhoon Awareness and
Flood Management Measures: The Case of Barangay Santo Domingo, Bay,
Laguna, Philippines, retrieve from
https://www.ijsmsjournal.org/2020/volume-3%20issue-3/ijsms-
v3i3p109.pdf
Mc Alekson Marvida, Celia A. Tibayan, October 2, 2018, A Disaster
Preparedness Campaign for Kids, retrieve from
https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/3.-A-Disaster-
Preparedness-Campaign-for-Kids.pdf
Annalie D. Pateña, Arnulfo Orence, Leoncio Mandigma, April 2, 2016
Modified Basic Safety Training with Typhoon Awareness as a Response
to Disaster Preparedness, retrieve from
https://www.academia.edu/29224059/Modified_Basic_Safety_Training_wi
th_Typhoon_Awareness_as_a_Response_to_Disaster_Preparedness
DRRMP, January 2016, Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan, retrieve from
https://wvphilippineshea.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/cavite-pdrrm-
plan.pdf
Kier Gideon Paolo M. Gapayao, September 14, 2018, Rizal disaster
operation centers ready for Ompong, retrieve from
https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1012760
Lucenahin, November 6, 2013, Emergency Preparation Tips, retrieve
from http://www.lucenahin.com.ph/emergency-preparation-tips-part-1/
26 | Page
 The Problem

John Bello, April 24, 2015, Lucena City gears up for calamities,
retrieve from https://businessmirror.com.ph/2015/04/24/lucena-city-
gears-up-for-calamities/

ChritianAid, June 24, 2010, Philippines typhoon: Christian Aid

partners respond to needs of affected people, retrieve from
https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-typhoon-
christian-aid-partners-respond-needs-affected-people

Elmer s. Mercado, September 2010, A Case Study of the Municipality

of Infanta, Quezon Province Community- based Disaster Preparedness
and Management (CBDPM): Surviving and Recovering from a Natural
Catastrophe, retrieve from
https://www.academia.edu/8139629/A_Case_Study_of_the_Municipality_o
f_Infanta_Quezon_Province_Community_based_Disaster_Preparedness_and
_Management_CBDPM_Surviving_and_Recovering_from_a_Natural_Catastrop
he

Reicon Condes, July 2016, Securing safety through appraising

implementation and problems on disaster risk management by the
secondary schools in Mauban, Quezon: A call for strategic program,
retrieve from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325380962_SECURING_SAFETY_
THROUGH_APPRAISING_IMPLEMENTATION_AND_PROBLEMS_ON_DISASTER_RISK_RED
UCTION_MANAGEMENT_DRRM_BY_THE_SECONDARY_SCHOOLS_IN_A_TOWN_OF_QUEZON
_PROVINCE_A_CALL_FOR_STRATEGIC_PROGRAM

27 | Page
 The Problem

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design and methodology,

population and local of the study, data gathering tools, data

gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data. The methods

and procedures that the researcher conducted serve as a guide that

enabled to make an effective research.

Research Design and Methodology

The descriptive survey research method will be used in the study

since it sought to determine the readiness of barangay Masalukot I

Candelaria, Quezon during typhoon. This research is primary based on

survey questionnaire and informal type of interview which will be

serve as a supplemental accomplishment of this study.

The questionnaire will be made as checklist to be answered by the

respondents. Descriptive method will be used in the study since it

involves collecting data through questionnaires with informal and

formal interviews in order to test the research hypothesis. It

involves answering questions concerning the readiness of barangay

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during typhoon. The information will

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be gathered through the questionnaire will be analyzed and

interpreted the correlation study which involves the relationship

between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine

changes overtime. In descriptive research, the respondents answer

questions through the use of questionnaires and interviews. That

after the participant answered the questions, the researcher will be

describe the responses of the respondents and to have a reliable and

valid answered, the questionnaire should be easy and cleared to

understood by the respondents.

Population and Locale of the Study

The subject of this study is composed of 100 respondents from

residents of barangay Masalukot I, Candelaria, Quezon. The said

respondent will be selected by using convenient sampling because of

their convenience or availability to answer the given questionnaire.

Data gathering tools

The research survey questionnaires will be used to gather the

data. The questionnaire is in the form of a checklist. It is the type

intended to obtain information about conditions and other factors

which the respondents would have assessed to be doing and had

knowledge. The researcher will devise a self-made questionnaire to

the respondents: Part I is to know the level of readiness of Barangay

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon. Part II the

significant difference on the level of readiness of Barangay

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 The Problem

Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon. Part III challenges

encountered by the barangay officials in responding to typhoon in

terms of guidelines in ensuring safe routes, guidelines in

identifying hazards-prone areas, guidelines on the type of

evacuation, guidelines in declaring a state of calamity, evacuation

standard centers, this will be used to compose of questions to sought

to the answer to know the level of readiness of Barangay Masalukot I

Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon.

Data gathering procedure

Before giving survey to the respondents, first step of the

researcher will prepare a letter noted by the College Dean who serves

as technical editor to this study, ask for the approval of the

applicants to conduct the study.

The researcher will administer the questionnaire to the

respondents to determine level of readiness of Barangay Masalukot I

Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon; the significant difference on the

level of readiness of Barangay Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during

Typhoon; challenges encountered by the barangay officials in

responding to typhoon, and recommendations maybe proposed to improve

the readiness of barangay officials in responding to typhoon.

Treatment of data

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To aid in the analysis and interpretation to the gathering data,

the researcher will calculate to determine the level of readiness of

Barangay Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon in terms of:

a) guidelines in ensuring safe routes b) guidelines in identifying

hazards-prone areas c) guidelines on the type of evacuation d)

guidelines in declaring a state of calamity and e) evacuation

standard centers: the significant difference on the level of

readiness of Barangay Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon during Typhoon

in terms of: a) guidelines in ensuring safe routes b) guidelines in

identifying hazards-prone areas c) guidelines on the type of

evacuation d) guidelines in declaring a state of calamity and e)

evacuation standard centers: challenges encountered by the barangay

officials in responding to typhoon in terms of: a) guidelines in

ensuring safe routes b) guidelines in identifying hazards-prone areas

c) guidelines on the type of evacuation d) guidelines in declaring a

state of calamity and e) evacuation standard centers: and

recommendations maybe proposed to improve the readiness of barangay

officials in responding to typhoon. The data will be tally, tabulated

and analyze and will presenting in graphical and tabular form with

their corresponding interpretation.

The scale below will be use in guiding the respondents

regarding the numerical ratings, statistical limit and descriptive

rating.

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Numerical Rating Statistical Limit Descriptive Rating

4 Very Satisfied

3 Satisfied

2 OK

1 Dissatisfied

In this scale, it compose of number one to four (1-4). The number

four (4) is the highest statistical limit with a descriptive rating

of Very Satisfied. The number three (3) is the second to the highest

statistical limit with a descriptive rating of Satisfied. Next to the

lowest is number two (2) statistical limit with a descriptive rating

of Ok. And the number (1) which will be the lowest statistical limit

with a descriptive of dissatisfied.

For more understanding to the interpretation of the data.

The statistical measure will be use as frequency distribution, means

and standard deviation. To find the relationship of independent

variable and dependent variable. F-test of statistics will be use.

Weighted mean of the data gathering will be compute to determine the

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statistical limit and descriptive rating value of such indicator

questions.

The data will be classify tabulate and code for analysis

using simple descriptive statistics such as frequency percentage mean

and F/ANOVA. The data will be placed in table together with complete

numbers and this to identify the content of a particular

illustration. The arrangement of the data in table facilitate

computation for analysis and interpretation.

Frequency counts will be presenting in frequency form to

show the actual distribution on respondents.

The formula of Weighted mean is given by:

WM = ∑fx

Where:

WM- Weighted mean

W- Weigh of each item or value

X- Represent each of the item or value

N – Total number of participants

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In this scale, the percentage will be computed on each

written possible answer in the questionnaires. Through that way of

presenting data, it will become easy for the researcher to determine

the rating and interpretation of each indicator questions.

For the test of significant difference on the condition

experience that influence prostitution in terms influence from

society and behavioral factors this treatment was used.

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