Scribd
Upload
54 views12 pages

Strukture Podataka I Algoritmi 1 Vežbe 6: Lazar Vasović Nikola Bačanin Nikola Andrijević

The document contains examples of using dynamic memory allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), and realloc() in C programs. It also contains examples of implementing matrices using arrays and pointers, including dynamically allocating memory for matrices of arbitrary dimensions.

Uploaded by

dragela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views12 pages

Strukture Podataka I Algoritmi 1 Vežbe 6: Lazar Vasović Nikola Bačanin Nikola Andrijević

The document contains examples of using dynamic memory allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), and realloc() in C programs. It also contains examples of implementing matrices using arrays and pointers, including dynamically allocating memory for matrices of arbitrary dimensions.

Uploaded by

dragela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Kragujevac, školska 2019/20

STRUKTURE PODATAKA I ALGORITMI 1


VEŽBE 6

Lazar Vasović
Nikola Bačanin
Nikola Andrijević
PRIMER 1 – MALLOC()
• Napisati program koji unosi niz proizvoljne dimenzije i nalazi
najveci element – Verzija 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int n, *a, i, max;
printf("Unesi dimenziju niza : "); scanf("%d", &n);
a = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
if (a == NULL) {
printf("Greska : Nema dovoljno memorije!\n");
return 1;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("a[%d]=", i); scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}
// PRONALAZENJE MAKSIMUMA NIZA
free(a);
return 0;
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG
PRIMER 2 – MALLOC()
• Napisati program koji unosi niz proizvoljne dimenzije i nalazi
najveci element – Verzija 2
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int *KreirajNiz(int n) {
return (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
}
int main() {
int n, *a, i, max;
printf("Unesi dimenziju niza : "); scanf("%d", &n);
a = KreirajNiz(n);
if (a == NULL) {
printf("Greska : Nema dovoljno memorije!\n");
return 1;
}
// Nadalje a koristimo kao obican niz
free(a);
return 0;
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG
PRIMER 3 – CALLOC()
• Program demonstrira funkciju calloc() - funkcija inicijalizuje
sadrzaj memorije na 0.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define BR_ELEM 10
main()
{
int *m, *c, i;
m = malloc(BR_ELEM*sizeof(int));
c = calloc(BR_ELEM, sizeof(int));
for (i = 0; i<BR_ELEM; i++)
printf("m[%d] = %d\n", i, m[i]);
for (i = 0; i<BR_ELEM; i++)
printf("c[%d] = %d\n", i, c[i]);
free(m);
free(c);
}

Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG


PRIMER 4 – REALLOC()
• Program demonstrira niz kome se velicina tokom rada
povecava.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define KORAK 10
int main() {
int *a = NULL;
int duzina = 0, alocirano = 0;
int n, i;
do {
printf("Unesi ceo broj (-1 za kraj): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (duzina == alocirano) {
alocirano = alocirano + KORAK;
a = realloc(a, alocirano * sizeof(int));
}
a[duzina++] = n;
} while (n != -1);

Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG


PRIMER 4 – REALLOC()
• Program demonstrira niz kome se velicina tokom rada
povecava. Nastavak...
printf("Uneto je %d brojeva. Alocirano je ukupno "
"%ld bajtova\n", duzina, alocirano * sizeof(int));
printf("Brojevi su : ");
for (i = 0; i < duzina; i++)
printf("%d ", a[i]);
free(a);
return 0;
}

Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG


VRACANJE NIZA IZ FUNKCIJE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int* KreirajNiz(int n) {
return (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
}
int* UnosNiza(int n) {
int *x, i;
x = KreirajNiz(n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &x[i]);
return x;
}
int main() {
int i, n, *a;
printf("Unesi dimenziju niza "); scanf("%d", &n);
a = UnosNiza(n);
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%5d", a[i]);
printf("\n");
free(a);
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG
STATIČKA ALOKACIJA PROSTORA ZA MATRICU
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a[3][3], i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("a[%d][%d] = ", i, j);
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
/* scanf("%d", a[i] + j); */
/* scanf("%d", *(a + i) + j); */
}
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%5d", a[i][j]);
/* printf("%5d", *(a[i] + j)); */
/* printf("%5d", *(*(a + i) + j)); */
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG
POKAZIVAČI NA NIZOVE
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, j;
int a[3][3] = {
{ 0, 1, 2 },
{ 10, 11, 12 },
{ 20, 21, 22 }};

int (*pa)[3]; // int *pa[3]; -> pogresno!!!


pa = a;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
printf("%5d", pa[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("%p\n", pa);
printf("%p\n", pa[0]);
printf("%p\n", pa[1]);
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG
NIZOVI POKAZIVAČA
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, j;
int a[3][3] = {
{ 0, 1, 2 },
{ 10, 11, 12 },
{ 20, 21, 22 }};
int *pa[3];
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
pa[i] = a[i];
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
printf("%5d", pa[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("%p\n", pa);
printf("%p\n", pa[0]);
printf("%p\n", pa[1]);
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG
IMPLEMENTACIJA MATRICE PREKO NIZA
• Nama je potrebno da imamo veću fleksibilnost, tj da se dimenzije
matrice mogu uneti kao parametri našeg programa. Zbog toga je
neophodno koristiti dinamičku alokaciju memorije.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define a(i, j) a[(i)*n + (j)]
int main()
{
int m, n; /* Dimenzije matrice */
int *a; /* Matrica */
int i, j;
int s = 0; /* Suma elemenata matrice */
/* Unos i alokacija */
scanf("%d", &m); scanf("%d", &n);
a = malloc(m * n * sizeof(int));
if (a == NULL) {
printf("Greska prilikom alokacije memorije!\n");
return 1;
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG
IMPLEMENTACIJA MATRICE PREKO NIZA
for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
printf("Unesi a(%d,%d) : ", i, j);
scanf("%d", &a(i, j));
}
/* Racunamo sumu elemenata matrice */
for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
s += a(i, j);
/* Ispis unete matrice */
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
printf("%d ", a(i, j));
printf("\n");
}
printf("Suma elemenata matrice je %d\n", s);
/* Oslobadjamo memoriju */
free(a);
}
Institut za matematiku i informatiku | 2020 | KG

You might also like