3 INTRODUCTION

The researchers will now conduct their research by means of a single method. The
reason for using this method is based on the grounds of its suitability to the topic at
hand as well as the anonymous responses of those participants involved. The
participants were chosen based on their age and the type of contract they are
employed under.

3.1 PHILOSPHICAL WORLDVIEW

The word worldview is described as "a fundamental collection of beliefs that direct
behaviour" (Guba, 1990:17). Others have referred to them as paradigms (Lincoln,
Lynham&Guba,2011,Mertens,2010, 2011, Mertens,2010), philosophies as well as
metaphysics(Crotty,1998), or narrowly defined methodological approaches
(Neuman, 2009). Worldviews are described as a researcher's general philosophical
inclination toward the environment and the essence of science that they bring to a
thesis. Worldviews develop as a result of subject identities, the preferences of
students' advisors/mentors, and previous study encounters.

Individual researchers' views about these variables will often cause them to use a
qualitative, quantitative, or hybrid methods approach in their study. While there is
ongoing controversy about the worldviews or values researchers bring to their study,
will focus on four that have received a lot of attention in the literature Post positivism,
constructivism, transformative, and pragmatism are some of the terms used to
describe these ideologies.

The Postpositivist Worldview

The typical method of analysis has been represented by postpositivist expectations,

which hold true more for quantitative study than qualitative research. This point of
view is often referred to as the empirical method or doing experimental study.
Positivist/postpositivist studies, observational science, and postpositivism are other
terms for it. This last word is called post-positivism because it reflects the thinking
that came after positivism, rejecting the conventional notion of absolute reality in
science (Phillips & Burbules, 2000) and acknowledging that we cannot be sure about
our assertions of knowledge while observing human behaviour and acts. The
postpositivist tradition derives from nineteenth-century authors such as Comte and
Mill.

The Constructivist Worldview

Others see the universe in a different way. Constructivism or social constructivism

(often mixed with interpretivism) is an example of such a viewpoint, and it is
commonly regarded as a method for conducting qualitative study. Mannheim
influenced the theories, as did Berger and Luekmann's (1967) The Social
Construction of Reality and Lincoln and Guba's (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry.
Individuals, according to social constructivists, strive to comprehend the society in
which they live and work. Individuals construct subjective interpretations from their
perceptions, meanings aimed at specific objects or things.

The Transformative Worldview

believes that in order to confront systemic oppression at any stage, scientific inquiry
must be intertwined with politics and a political reform agenda (Mertens, 2010). As a
result, the report has a transformation plan that has the potential to transform the
lives of participants, the institutions in which they serve or live, and the researcher's
life. Furthermore, particular topics must be discussed. This study also suggests that
the inquirer would work collaboratively in order to avoid further marginalizing the
participants as a result of the investigation. In this context, participants can assist in
the design of questions, the collection of data, the analysis of knowledge, or the
reaping of study benefits. Transformative science gives these people a voice, raises
their awareness, or advances an agenda.

The Pragmatic Worldview

The pragmatists take another stance on worldviews. Pragmatism is based on the

work of Peirce, James, Mead, and Dewey (Cherryholmes, 1992). Other authors
include Murphy (1990), Patton (1990), and Rorty (1990). (1990). There are
numerous variations of this theory, but for many, pragmatism as a worldview
emerges from actions, situations, and consequences rather than prior circumstances
(as in postpositivism). There is a curiosity about applications what functions and
what questions should be solved (Patton, 1990). Rather than emphasizing
methodology, researchers emphasize the study challenge.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGNS

The researcher not only chooses whether to perform a qualitative, quantitative, or

mixed methods analysis; the inquirer often chooses a study form from among these
three options. Study designs are modes of investigation that fall under the
qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches that offer clear guidance for
procedures in a research design. Others refer to them as investigation methods
(Denzin & Linco 2011).

Quantitative Designs

Quantitative analysis is a form of causal-comparative research in which the

investigator contrasts two or more classes in terms of a previously occurring cause
(or independent variable). The correlational design is another no experimental type
of study in which researchers use the correlational statistic to characterize and
quantify the degree of interaction (or relationship) between two or more variables.

Qualitative Designs

Over the 1990s and into the twenty-first century, the amount and variety of methods
of qualitative analysis became more evident. Anthropology, history, the arts, and
appraisal are the historical roots of qualitative study. The different styles have been
summarized in books, and full procedures on basic qualitative investigation methods
are now available.

Mixed Methods Designs

In a research analysis, mixed methods research combines or integrates qualitative

and quantitative testing and results. Qualitative data is typically open-ended and may
not include pre-set answers, while quantitative data often contains closed-ended
responses.

3.5. RESEARCH METHOD

The researchers will make use of the method of quantitative research. The use of
this method is to ensure that a large group of participants is reached in order to gain
wider insight into the topic at hand. This will be investigated by means of a
questionnaire instrument, with the aim to evaluate the participant’s views based on
the topic of total rewards strategy.

3.5.1 Research Setting

Although our research will be done on an individual basis and not an organisational
basis it will be important for us to look at what context the participants are faced with
in their respective organisations.

3.5.2. Entrѐ and Establishing researcher roles

Researchers have the role of communicating their research effectively to the

participants and ensure understanding takes place. The role of interpreter is also
assumed by the researchers when interpreting participant’s responses to the study.

3.5.3 Population and Sampling

The population that will be used for this research is based on an entire generation
which is Millennials in the workforce that live in Johannesburg and are working in
either the public or private sector permanently.

The researchers will make use of non-probability sampling as this will give the
researchers wide insight into a narrow selection of participants. The participants
sample will be either male or females that are millennials in the workforce, that are
permanently employed either in private or public organisations. The sample group
will be 200-400 participants in the research.

3.6 DATA COLLECTION

Since there is only a limited amount of research on this specific topic, data will be
calculated based on a quantitative research and it will discuss the specific group of
millennials working in the public or private sector of South Africa. The targeted group
is the millennials and more specifically interns but can also include individuals
between the ages of 18-35 since that is the youth age gap in South Africa. The
participants will be given this questionnaire where the data collected from them will
support the research objectives of attraction and retention.

3.6.1 Questionnaire

The questionnaire will first inform the participants about what the research is about
and require their signatures to show willingness to participate. The first section of the
questionnaire will be on demographic information where participants will be required
to respond by marking the appropriate box. Section B will then have a series of
statements concerning the total reward options that are most important to them when
they start employment at a certain organisation, participants will have to choose the
extent to which they agree or disagree with those statements.

3.6.2 Data management and storage

According to Maritz (2003), data management is defined as a discipline focusing

mainly on the proper storage, retrieval and generation of data. Therefore, wise
decisions can be made through relevant data. Data management works together
with storage, data is often stored via databases. A database is described as an
integrated collection of data (Maritz, 2003:80). Data management and storage is
important for the process of acquiring data because it maintains the reliability and
validity of the data.

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS

The semi-structured interviews will be analyzed using an inductive approach based

on established literature and incentive systems, which provided the basis for data
collection and analysis. The researcher will use the interview guide as a guideline to
guide the conversations during the interviews, while probing for additional context.
When the interviews are over, and transcribed, the researcher again will utilised this
structure to categorise and code the data (Burnard,Stewart, Treasure & Chadwick,
2008).

Deeper meanings will be pursued by working through the data's core themes in order
to comprehend the interviewees' perceptions and worldview. Following that, with
reference to Phase I of the study, the researcher will begin checking the hypotheses'
outcomes (Lee, 1999). The deductive method entails testing theories based on
current theory and then devising a research strategy to test the hypotheses (Wilson,
2010).

Stage 1: Interview guide developed

The interview guide will be developed by the researcher based on a collection of

themes derived from the questionnaire and literature review used in Phase I of the
study. Following that, the questions would be consistent with the theories being
evaluated, the study goals, and the quantitative research findings.

Stage 2: Interviews conducted, transcribed and grouped

The interviews will be transcribed verbatim after they are completed. The
interviewees are divided into two classes during Stage 2 of the process: (1) youths
and (2) HRGs, as well as training, remuneration, and OD specialists (collectively
referred to as HR practitioners in the discussion of the findings).

3.8 STRATEGY EMPLOYED TO ENSURE QUAILTY OF RESEARCH

3.8.1 Validity

A thorough literature review was used to create the questionnaire. The WorldatWork
(2015) Total Rewards Model offered the majority of the explanations of the principles
that were applicable to this analysis, so the researcher used them. The
questionnaire's reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha tests for reliability and
accuracy.

3.8.2 Reliability

Statistical analysis, which will be addressed in depth in the following chapters, was
used to support valid and accurate conclusions and interpretations. Furthermore, the
data from the representative sample were collected in an ethical manner, in
accordance with the institution and organizational norms, and were sufficient to
support the functional significance of the findings

9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Informed Consent

Participants were notified that they will be part of a research paper and that voluntary
participation was needed. Participation of this study was only given after intense
explanation of the purpose of this study.

Anonymity

The anonymity of the participants and organizations was preserved by not stating the
name of the organizations and the name of the participants.

Data Protection

The data that was then collected was kept in a secure space where no one could
access it besides the interviewer.

3.10 REPORTING OF FINDINGS SUMMARY

The findings from the questionnaire will indicate which one of the attraction and
retention strategies is preferred by the respondents. Keshia Mohamed-Padayachee
found from the quantitative research that millennials of different age groups preferred
different types of elements that is most important to them, each group will have their
own strong preferences. This is then used to conclude on the findings of the different
age groups of millennials working in organisations.