EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR CO-ORDINATES

23.EVALUATION OF

To evaluate fr,0) dr d0 over the region bounded by the straight lines 0 =0,.

w.r.t. r between the limits r =r, and r =r,

-A.and the curves r= T1 TET2» we first integrate
a constant). The resulting expression
is then
imating 6 as
r= (9) D
B between the limits 0 =0, and 0 =0,.
tegrated w.r.t,
Geometrically, AB and CD are the curves r =
f0) r= f,(0)
and 0 =0, so that
ndr=f,(0) bounded by the lines 0 =0, of angular B/
CDB is the region of integration. PQ is wedge
a

fr,0)dr indicates that the 9=

thickness 80. Then

0-0,A
0is constant)
legration is performed along PQ (i.e., r varies,
nd the integration w.r.t. 0 means rotation of this strip PQ 1
is pertormed
mm AC to BD. dr indicates that the integration
and the integration
nng r (1.e., r varies, 0 is constant) from AC to BD.
LAL. 6 means rotation of this strip PQ

ILLUSTRATIVEEXAMPLES=

r ya- dr |de.
Example 1. Evaluate

Sol a-r3)-2r) dr do0

cos0
2 7a

1 (a-3) do
2 3/2 0

-asin'0 a) do --2 n--4).

Jo the circles
bounded between
the area
2009)
Exa Dec. 2012; Kerala
over
mple 2. Evaluate 3 dr d0, (M.D.U.
r = 2 cos 0 and r =
4 cos B.
374 A TEXTBOOK OF
ENGINEERING
Sol. The region of integration R is shown shaded. Here r varies from 9
MATHEMEMATK
2 cos to 4
while 0 varies
fromto 0 2

r 2com 4 cos
cos
ct/2 4 cos
Jdrdo= condrdo
. 4 74 cos0

de
n/24 J2cos
T/2 1
(256
-T/2 4
cos* 0-16cos'0)de
T/2
0
60 cos 0 do
- Tt/2

n/2
=
120Cos 0 de Since cost 6 is an even
function of A
=
120 x 3x1 I_45 .
4x2 2 2
Example 3. Evaluate Srsin 0 dr de over the r a(1+cos 0)

area ofthe cardioid r =a (1 + cos 0) above the initial

line.
Sol. The region of integration R is covered by
radialstrips whose ends arer = 0 andr=a (1 + cos ),
the strips starting from 0 = 0 and ending at 0 = t. 0T O =0
call+ cos 0)
s i n 6dr d9- rsin 0 dr d
cos 0)
2 71+

-fan do=sin 0.a-(1+cos 0) de

2
2in os2 co de =4a" | sincos d
2

Putting cos t so that sin

de=- 2dt

sin dr do 4a"-2dt) -8adt 8a

JJR
=
=

8a
4a
3
Example 4. Evaluatefrdrdo over one loop of the lemniscate r = a' cos 28.
a
Sol. The region of integration R is covered by radial strips whose ends are T and

r=a cos 20, the strips starting from =-and ending at 0

4
NIEGRALS

375
alcos 20
rdr de A
racos20 2
Tt/4 Jo
+212 .2r dr
2a+r2)-V2
de
t/4 1 (a2 +2)1/2 1a/cos 20
1/2 d9=
(a +a cos 28
-Tt/4 cos 26)- 1) de =
-al do
2
a2
/4 cos
62-1 da
14
cos -1) de =

2aW2 cos -1) de =2a

2a2 21 2 sin 6-9

- EXERCISE 12.2

ahuate the following integrals

a Sin 6 (1-4):
r dr de
CTT/2 a cos 8
/2 a (1+ cos 0) r sin 0 dr
r dr de
de
a a 1+ cos 8)
2 dr de
Show that

cos 8,
JJR sin 9 dr de =-2a3
3
where R is the
region bounded by the semi-circle r= 2a
above the initial
line.
wauate r
dr de over
the area
iate J r sin 9 dr d0 included between the circles r 2 sin 0 and r =

over the
= 4 sin .
luate r3 dr d9 cardioid r =a(l - cos 0) above the initial line.
over
the area included between the circles (Kerala 2010)
r =
2a cos 6, 2b
r =
cos 6, (b <a).
Answers

2. 3. a 1

457
6 2
-b4).
 28 20
5.TRIPLE INTEGRALLS
Con
onsider a function at every point of a
finite region V of
f(x, , 2) which is continuous
e volumes V, SV,
V dimensionalspace. Divide the region Vinto n sub-regions of respective
Consider the s u m
be a n) point in the
arbitrary rth sub-region.

2,)8V,
The limi
Sum a s n and 8V,0, if it exists, is called the triple integral of
y,2 over
* co

the region
e
regi V and is denoted
by IL fx, y, 2) dV.
 380 A TEXTBoOK OF
ENGINEERING
For purposes of evaluation, it can be expressed as the repeated integral
ATHEMATITICsC
fax, y, 2) dx dy dz
limits. )
the order of integration depending upon the
Let , be function of y, z; y1 Yy be function of z and 2, 2 be constants, i,
1.e.,
Let , 0 , 2), x, =1,0, 2), y = 0 , ) , y, = o , ) and z = a, z , = b.

Then the integral () is evaluated as follows:

2 =O2(2)
flx,y,2) dx | dy dz
J=f, 2)

First f, y, 2) is integrated w.r.t. x (keeping y and z constant) between the limits:

g.The resulting expression, which is a function of y and
z is then integrated w.r.t, y u
z constant) between the limits y, and y,. The resulting expression, which is a function of only
is then integrated w.r.t. 2 between the limits z and z. The order of integration is from the
innermost rectangle to the outermost rectangle.
Limits involving two variables are kept innermost, then the limits involving
one variable and finally the constant limits.
Ifx, X y, Y, and z, 22 are all constants, then the order of integration is immaterial,
provided the limits are changed accordingly. Thus

fag, fa,y,2) dx dy dz | flx, y,2) dy dz dx

fx,y,2) dz dy dx, ete.

= ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES=

vz-ri-y*
Example 1.Evaluate -dz dy dx, (Kerala 2009)
1--y -22
Sol. - 1
-dz dy dx
V1-x-y)-z2
71--ya
1 p1-sin1-
dy dx
1-x-y
J0

(sin1-sin 0) dy dx

da

de= 1sin sin'-

ENIEGRALS 381

log 2 dz dx dy.
ample2.Evaluate (K.U.K. Dec. 2014)
Eanyp

log 2 de dx dy

de = log 2. 1d:
Since
log z

=|
lntegratingbyparts

=e log e-0-|2Xe - e+ 1=(r-1) e'+1

lo
I= -)e+ ] drdy
log y
log
v (-1)e +1] dr =(r-1e dr+|
log y
log y
=t-1 - 1.e dx +logy - 1

log y
= (log y - 1) elogy- e +logy-1
ylog y-1)- (elog- e) +log y- 1 ebe=y]
=y(log y 1) -y+e+log y- 1 (v+ 1) log y - 2y
-
te-1
=

I=.logy(y+1)-2y+e-1]dy

te- 1ldy-e-)+le-

-2e=-8e +13),
EXERCISE 12.4
Eualuate the followingintegrals (1-11):
yz + zx + xy) dr dy dz.
*y* dr dy dz. (Kerala 2012)
(a +y+ 2) axyz dz dy d.
dy dx dz.
 A TEXTBOOK OF ENGINEERING
382 MATHEMATH
x da dx dy.
e de dy dx.
ex +log x +y+# dz dy
xyz dz dy dx. Jo dx
(M.D.U. Dec. 2010)
r7/2 qa cos 0gya?-
a sin ca-rVa 10. rdz dr de.
dr rdz.

11. x+y dz dy dx. (K.U.K. 2009)

12. Evaluate (x-2y +2) dz dy dx, where V is the region determined by 0 Sxs 1, 0syed

0ssx+y. (U.P.T.U. 2009)

Answers
13 10g 3
3
1. (e-1) 2. 3.0 9 6log
1 8
8.log2- 19
4
5. 720 6. 35 1. 48
8
5aT 10.
11. 2a3 12. 35
9. 3 2 3) 4 8
64