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CH3: Mason's Rule Example: Solution

The document provides a step-by-step solution for using Mason's rule to find the transfer function (TF) of a signal flow graph. It identifies the forward path, loop gains, and non-touching loop gains. It then calculates the necessary Δ and Δk terms to apply Mason's rule formula. The final TF is determined to be G1G2G3G4G5(1-G7H3) divided by the lengthy equation for Δ shown.

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66 views3 pages

CH3: Mason's Rule Example: Solution

The document provides a step-by-step solution for using Mason's rule to find the transfer function (TF) of a signal flow graph. It identifies the forward path, loop gains, and non-touching loop gains. It then calculates the necessary Δ and Δk terms to apply Mason's rule formula. The final TF is determined to be G1G2G3G4G5(1-G7H3) divided by the lengthy equation for Δ shown.

Uploaded by

fatin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH3: Mason’s Rule Example

𝐶(𝑠)
Q: Find the transfer function: TF = for the signal flow graph below using the Mason’s rule.
𝑅(𝑠)

Solution:
𝐶(𝑠) ∑ 𝑘 𝑇𝑘 ∆ 𝑘
Recall the Mason’s rule: TF = = where:
𝑅(𝑠) ∆

 k : number of forward paths


 Tk : the k-th forward-path gain
 Δ : 1 – Sum of loop gains + Sum of nontouching loop gains taken 2 at a time – Sum of Δ
nontouching loop gains taken 3 at a time + Sum of nontouching loop gains taken 4 at a time - ….
 Δk : Δ – Sum of loop gain terms in Δ that touch the k-th forward path, or,
Δk is formed by eliminating from Δ those loop gains that touch the k-th forward path
(Δk = 1 – sum of loop gains that do not touch the k-th forward path)

1. We have one forward path, so k = 1

2. T1 = G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 (eq.1)

3. Identify the loop gains. Here, we have 4 loops:

1
 Loop gain 1: G2 H1 (eq.2)
 Loop gain 2: G4 H2 (eq.3)
 Loop gain 3: G7 H3 (eq.4)
 Loop gain 4: G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 (eq.5)

 Sum of loop gains, say: LGtot = eq. 2 + eq. 3 + eq. 4 + eq. 5


= G2 H1 + G4 H2 + G7 H3 + G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 (eq.6)

4. Identify the nontouching loops:


4.1 Nontouching loops taken two at a time:
 Loop 1 does not touch loop 2: LG12 = G2 H1 G4 H2 (eq.7)
 Loop 1 does not touch loop 3: LG13 = G2 H1 G7 H3 (eq.8)
 Loop 2 does not touch loop 3: LG23 = G4 H2 G7 H3 (eq.9)
 Loops 1, 2 and 3 all touch loop 4

 Sum of nontouching loops taken two at a time:


NTLG2tot = eq. 7 + eq. 8 + eq. 9
= G2 H1 G4 H2 + G2 H1 G7 H3 + G4 H2 G7 H3 (eq.10)

4.2 Nontouching loops taken three at a time:

 Loops 1, 2, 3 do not touch each other: LG123 = G2 H1 G4 H2 G7 H3 (eq.11)


 Loops 1, 2 and 3 all touch loop 4

 Sum of nontouching loops taken three at a time: NTLG3tot = LG123 (only one eq.)

4.3 Nontouching loops taken four at a time? None, because loops 1, 2 and 3 all touch loop 4

5. Find Δ :
Δ = 1 - LGtot + NTLG2tot - NTLG3tot (eq.12)

6. Find Δk :
Δk = Δ1 = Δ - Sum of loop gain terms in Δ that touch the one forward path

If we take (eq.12), Δ = 1 – (G2 H1 + G4 H2 + G7 H3 + G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 )

+ (G2 H1 G4 H2 + G2 H1 G7 H3 + G4 H2 G7 H3 )

– (G2 H1 G4 H2 G7 H3 ) (eq.13)

The loop gain terms in Δ (eq.13) that touch the forward path are:

A = - (G2 H1 + G4 H2 + G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8) + (G2 H1 G4 H2 + G2 H1 G7 H3 + G4 H2 G7 H3 )

- (G2 H1 G4 H2 G7 H3)

So, if we calculate Δ1 = Δ – A, we have => Δ1 = 1 - G7 H3 (eq.14)

2
* Equivalently, this can also be done if we use the second definition of Δk :

“Δk is formed by eliminating from Δ those loop gains that touch the k-th forward path”

Which means, if we take (eq.12 or eq.13), and we eliminate the loop gains that touch the first
(k = 1) forward path: LG that does not touch the forward path

Δ = 1 – (G2 H1 + G4 H2 + G7 H3 + G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 )

+ (G2 H1 G4 H2 + G2 H1 G7 H3 + G4 H2 G7 H3 ) – (G2 H1 G4 H2 G7 H3 ) (eq. 15)

Then from the above equation (eq.15) , we got Δk = Δ1 = 1 - G7 H3

7. Finally, by substituting (eq.1), (eq.), (eq.) and (eq.) into the Mason’s rule formula, we obtain the
transfer function:
∑ 𝑘 𝑇𝑘 ∆ 𝑘 𝑇1 ∆1
TF = = =
∆ ∆
𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3 𝐺4 𝐺5 (1− 𝐺7 𝐻3 )
TF = 1− (𝐺 𝐻1 +𝐺4 𝐻2 +𝐺7 𝐻3 + 𝐺2 𝐺3 𝐺4 𝐺5 𝐺6 𝐺7 𝐺8 )+ (𝐺2 𝐻1 𝐺4 𝐻2 +𝐺2 𝐻1 𝐺7 𝐻3 +𝐺4 𝐻2 𝐺7 𝐻3 )– (𝐺2 𝐻1 𝐺4 𝐻2 𝐺7 𝐻3 )
2

** Note: if we have more than one forward path: meaning that k > 1, then the Mason’s rule formula would
be:
∑ 𝑘 𝑇𝑘 ∆ 𝑘 ∑𝑘=2 𝑇𝑘 ∆𝑘 𝑇1 ∆1 + 𝑇2 ∆2
e.g.: k = 2 : Then, TF = = =
∆ ∆ ∆

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